USING[课件]必修五Unit1Greatscientists

1、Copernicus Revolutionary TheoryUnit5 Great scientistsMatch the people with their achievementDa Vinci Don Quixote Galileo HamletCervantes Free Fall ExperimentShakespeare Mona LisagravityIsaac NewtonThe Theory of RelativityAlbert EinsteinJane GoodallchimpsJohn SnowcholeraStephen Hawking radiumMadame C

2、urieHybrid riceBlack holeThinking:What personality and quality will be needed as a scientist?intelligent, modest, patient, creative , hard-working,unselfish, determined, persistent, generous, confident , brave , co-operative, positive, pleasant, polite, energetic, etc.braveCopernicusDo you know what

3、 is the center of the solar system?Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?About Copernicus born: in Poland in 1473 died : May 24, 1543 He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the eart

4、h and other planets went around it. 哥白尼哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543), 波兰天文学家、日心说创立者波兰天文学家、日心说创立者, 近代天文学的奠基人。近代天文学的奠基人。 哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究究, 创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系系日心说日心说, 从此否定了在西方统从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。治达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后, 才为人们才为人们所接受所接受, 这是天文学上一次伟大的革命这是天文学上一次伟大的革

5、命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新, 而而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来始从神学中解放出来”, “科学的发展科学的发展从此便大踏步前进从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯（恩格斯自然自然辩证法辩证法）。）。 哥白尼著有阐述日心说的哥白尼著有阐述日心说的天体运行论天体运行论(1543年出版年出版), 由于受到时代的局限由于受到时代的局限,在日在日心说中保留了所谓心说中保留了所谓“完美的完美的”圆形轨道圆形轨道等论点。其后等论点。其后开普勒开普勒建立行星运动三定建立

6、行星运动三定律律, 牛顿牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现光行差、视差相继发现, 日心说遂建立日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。在更加稳固的科学基础上。 Mercury MarsVenusEarthJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto Nine Planets In the Solar SystemMercury 水星水星Venus 金星金星Earth 地球地球Mars 火星火星Jupiter 木星木星Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星Neptune 海王星海王星Pluto 冥王星冥王星Nine Planets

7、 In the Solar System:Mnemonics (记忆术记忆术)Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune PlutoMy Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.Can you use a good method to memorize them ?oror？Copernicus Skim the text and draw the two theories of Skim the text and draw the two theories of the unive

8、rse with the following pictures.the universe with the following pictures.SunearthBefore Copernicus theoryReading and drawingShowing Copernicus theorySunearthBefore Copernicus theorySunearthearthSunShowing Copernicus theory Showing Showing Copernicus Copernicus theory theory A diagram showing the sol

9、ar system with _ _ at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with _ _ at its centre Before Copernicus theory theEarththeSun1.Whats Copernicus fear?2.How did Copernicus prove his theory?3.What is his theory?Questions:1.Whats Copernicus fear?He feared that the powerful Christian Church would ha

10、ve punished him for even suggesting such an idea.Bruno was born five years after Copernicus died .He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory, which was against the Churchs will. In 1600,he was burnt to death.2.How did Copernicus prove his theory?He had thought long and hard about these problems and tried t

11、o find an answer. He had observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. All his calculations and observations proved that his theory was right.3.What is his theory?The sun is the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still go

12、ing round the earth.Mind map of the textParagraph 1: the background of Copernicus studyParagraph 2:Paragraph 3:Paragraph 4:Paragraph 5: Copernicus theory replaced the Christian idea and proved correct.the cause of Copernicus studythe procedure of Copernicus studythe result of Copernicus studyCareful

13、 readingRead the text carefully, then answer these questionsBecause the powerful Christian Church _ him for even suggesting such an idea(2) What was his theory about? (Para 1) All his mathematical calculations _the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only _ did th

14、e movements of the other planets in the sky _.Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1) would have punished led to if you put the sun there make sense(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then

15、go forward _. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.(4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he _ it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was _. in a loop worked on complete(5) How did he explain changes in the movement of the plane

16、ts and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4) He placed a _ sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was _ as it went round it and this explain changes in the

17、movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. . He published it as he lay dying in 1543fixed spinning (6) Why do people think that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking? Because his theory is now the base on which all

18、 our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe, He showed this was obviously wrong.SummaryCopernicus was_ because he found the earth was not the centre of the solar _,

19、 only if you put the sun there did the_ of the other planets in the sky_ He kept improving his new theory until he felt it was _ in 1514. He Suggested that the earth was_ as it went round the sun. confused systemmovementsmake sense .completedspinningHis Friends were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and e

20、ncouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was_ , he didnt want to be_ by Christian Church. In fact, he was right. The Church_ his heory, saying it was against Gods idea.enthusiasticcautiousattackedrejected If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this? Agree:1.He was cautious. if he had published his ideas, he would have been kil