必修五1单元using_language

1、He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.Nicolaus CopernicusTranslate the following Phrases into Chinese1.be frightened2.be confused. 3.ignore4.mathemat

2、ical calculations5.lead to (doing)6.the solar system 7.make sense8.Christian Church 9.punish sb for sth1.害怕的害怕的2.迷惑的，困惑的迷惑的，困惑的3.忽视，不理睬忽视，不理睬4.数学计算数学计算5.导致，通向导致，通向6.太阳系太阳系7.有意义，讲的通有意义，讲的通8.基督教堂基督教堂9.由于某事惩罚某人由于某事惩罚某人课前预习词组课前预习词组 Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although h

3、e had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful C

4、hristian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system. 熟读课文找出下列知识点：熟读课文找出下列知识点：1.同位语从句同位语从句 2.only 提前的倒装提前的倒装 3.讲得通讲得通4.会因为会因为而惩罚某人而惩罚某人 5.体会过去时和过去完成时的用法体会过去时

5、和过去完成时的用法6.must be的含义的含义 7.由于那种原因由于那种原因 8.让步状语从句的使用让步状语从句的使用 1.有有同位语从句同位语从句的抽象名词有：的抽象名词有：news，idea，belief, word，fact, rumor, order, plan hope, planHe got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 2.only + 状语放在句首时。状语放在句首时。 （部分倒装）（部分倒装）Only then did I know it was true. 3.would have punis

6、hed him for doing sth4.They believed God had made the world. 5.must必须，应当必须，应当 Your homework must be clear and complete.你的作业应当清楚完整。你的作业应当清楚完整。He must be working , for his light was still on.他肯定还在工作，因为他屋里的灯还在亮着。他肯定还在工作，因为他屋里的灯还在亮着。Translate the following Phrases into English. 1.be frightened2.be confu

7、sed. 3.ignore4.mathematical calculations5.lead to (doing)6.the solar system 7.make sense8.Christian Church 9.punish sb for sth10. mustbe 表示表示 推断用于肯定句推断用于肯定句1.害怕的害怕的2.迷惑的，困惑的迷惑的，困惑的3.忽视，不理睬忽视，不理睬4.数学计算数学计算5.导致；通向导致；通向6.太阳系太阳系7.有意义，讲的通有意义，讲的通8.基督教堂基督教堂9.由于某事惩罚某人由于某事惩罚某人课后复习词组课后复习词组 The problem arose b

8、ecause astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. 【at other times 】This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.

9、Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory u

10、ntil he felt it was complete. 熟读课文回答下列问题熟读课文回答下列问题3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.4. When did Copernicus com

11、plete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.课后复习词组课后复习词组Translate the following Phrases into English.1.arise (arose arisen)2.astronomers 3.move backward 4.go forward5. in a loop6.some.Others 7.at times 8.at others9.col

12、lect observations 10.work on 11.gradually improving1.出现，升起出现，升起2. 天文学家天文学家3.向后面移动向后面移动4.前进前进5.一个环形一个环形6.一些一些.另一些另一些7.有时候有时候8.其他时候其他时候9.收集观察结果收集观察结果10.从事从事11.逐渐提高逐渐提高 In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the

13、centre of the solarsystem with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic

14、and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not wantto be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was againstGods idea and people who

15、supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviousl

16、y wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. 虽然他

17、曾经试着不去理睬那些数字虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字, 然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论一个结论: 地球不是太阳系的中心。地球不是太阳系的中心。Language Points Language Points lead to 引起引起; 造成造成; 导致导致This will probably lead to trouble in the future.This led to his conclusion that she was guilty.Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.A

18、ll roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。条条大道通罗马。The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caughtClead to + n doing2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置上

19、只有你把太阳放在中心位置上, 天空中天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。“only + 副词副词 /介词短语介词短语/状语从句状语从句” 位于句首位于句首, 句子要倒装。句子要倒装。=The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there. Only if your identity身份身份 has been checked,_. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you a

20、llow in D. will you be allowed inDOnly then did I realize the importance of knowledge. Only in this way can we work out themaths problem. Only when _ the truth, _ to realize that she was wrong. A. did Mary hear; did she begin B. Mary hear; she began C. did Mary hear;she began D. Mary heard; did she

21、beginDonly if 只有只有; 只要只要The company will succeed only if it have sufficient backing. If only he came early yesterday.如果昨天他能早点来就好了如果昨天他能早点来就好了类似的用法有：类似的用法有：wish , would rather注意用法规则：对现在注意用法规则：对现在虚拟用一般过去时，对过去虚拟用过去完成时。虚拟用一般过去时，对过去虚拟用过去完成时。uI wish I were you.if only I were you/Id rather I were youuIf on

22、ly I had listened to the talk.I wish/I would ratheruWould you mind my smoking here?uI would rather you didnt .Only if the teacher gives a permission can I enter the lab.make sense 有意义有意义, 有道理有道理, 说得通说得通 1) What you say makes no sense. 3) Can you make sense of this poem?你说的话没有道理你说的话没有道理你看得懂这首诗吗？看得懂这首

23、诗吗？(理解或弄懂理解或弄懂)1)表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常通常用来说明某一情况用来说明某一情况, 但不象但不象should或或ought to 那样含有责备之意。如：那样含有责备之意。如：would have done3. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.

24、 2) 相关知识总结相关知识总结：neednt have + + 过去分词过去分词, , 表示做了不必表示做了不必做的事做的事, , 译为译为“其实没必要其实没必要”should have have + + 过去分词过去分词, , 表示应该做某事表示应该做某事但实际上未做但实际上未做, , 译为译为“本应该本应该”should not have + + 过去分词过去分词, , 表示本不应该表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了做某事但实际上做了, , 译为译为“本不应该本不应该”4. work on 1) 从事从事She is working on a new novel.(= She is writ

25、ing a new novel.)2) 继续工作继续工作Theyll work on till sunset.他们将继续工作他们将继续工作, 直到日落。直到日落。3) 致力于致力于work atHe has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年多来近一年多来, 他一直在写一部新小说。他一直在写一部新小说。6. enthusiastic: adj. 热心的热心的, 满腔热情的满腔热情的enthusiastic support 热情的支持热情的支持 be enthusiastic about 对某事充满热情对某事充满热情5. com

26、plete vt. & adj. 完成完成;完整的完整的,完成的完成的 The workers havent completed the house yet. (vt.)When will the work be complete? (adj.)complete with 配有配有The hall quite cool , complete with air conditioners.7. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上, 而行星而行星则围绕着太阳转则围绕着太阳转, 只有月球仍然绕着地球转。只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets going round it是是with + 宾语宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构宾语补足语的结构, 在句中作状语。在句中作状语。这一这一结构在句中常作定语或状语结构在句中常作定语或状语, 作宾补的可以作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳