2019版高考英语一轮复习Unit1GreatScientists达标巩固练(含解析)新人教

1、Unit 1 Great Scie ntists李仕才一、阅读理解。Animals use many tricks to hide from predators（捕食性动物 ）. While different ,they are all visual animals.Now scientists have uncovered a fish species that uses both visual andchemical disguise（ 伪装）.Rohan Brooker, one of the researchers who made the discovery said thathe

2、 first thought of the idea after reading about a species which takes on the smell of the plant that iteats.Thus, its predators ,ants walk right over it.SineeHarlequin Filefish are picky eaters that feed totallyoff the Acropora a beautifulspecies of blue/purple coral , Brooker theorized thatthey too

3、may be using a similar trick to fool their predators.To test his theory , Brookers team acquired some filefishfrom the Great BarrierReef a nd divided them into two groups.For the n ext four weeks, one group fed on their normal diet ofthe Acropora coral , while the other fed on the Pocilloporacoral.I

4、norder to test if therewas any differenee in the way they smelled, the researchersdid another experiment.They found the smells from the two groups were different.But there was still aquesti on of whether the smell was strong eno ugh to protect the fish from their n atural predators.To test that , Br

5、ookers team added a predatory species of cod（鳕鱼）to themix.Sure eno ugh , the cod that were placed in the tank containing the fish fed on the Pocillopora coralwere immediately able to sense them.ln contrast, the cod inthe tank where the fish had bee n fed on their n atural diet the Acropora coral,app

6、eared oblivious to their existe nee and in stead spe nt much of their time in side the tan kscaves.This con firmed the teams suspici on that the filefish have figured out how to give off the smell ofthe Acropora coral to avoid being detected by predators.While the smell-based disguise had been previ

7、ously observed in some species of fresh water ,this study was the first to prove that the fishs diet was the source of this disguise.Though the theory hasonly bee n tested on Harleq uin Filefish,Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly com mon among sea animals.Sure it givesa w

8、hole new meaning to the saying You are what you eat!”1. The underlined word “oblivious ” in Paragraph 3 may mean “_A. ignorant B . sensitiveC. allergic D . cautious2 What statement may Brooker agree to?A Freshwater fish all know the role of smell.B Sea animals use smell to cheat their enemies.C The

9、smell-based disguise may work occasionally.D Humans are really what kind of fish they eat.3 What is the passage mainly about?A A way to fight against predators.B A smell trick of all sea animals.C A fish smells like the coral.D Filefish in the Great Barrier Reef.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于 Harlequin Fi

10、lefish 如何通过 自身的伪装来抵御捕食性动物的研究。【难句分析】 Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish ， Brooker suspects thatthis kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals.分析：本句包含 Though 引导的让步状语从句； that 引导宾语从句。 译文：尽管这个理论只在Harlequin Filefish 身上得到验证，但 Brooker 猜想这种类 型的化学伪装在海洋动物身上是相当普遍的。1A

11、 考查词义猜测。 根据该词前面的描述及后面的“ and instead spent much of their time insidethe tanks caves ”可知，此处为这些鳕鱼对于以 the Acropora coral 为食 的鱼的存在看起来是不知道的。 ignorant “不知道的，愚昧的”； sensitive “敏感的”； allergic “过敏的”； cautious “谨慎的”。2B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“ Though the theory has only been tested on HarlequinFilefish，Brooker suspect

12、s that this kind of chemical disguise is fairlycommonamongsea animals ”可知， Brooker 赞同的是海洋动物通过气味来欺骗它们的敌人。 根据最后一段第一句中的“ While the smell-based.in some species of fresh water”可排除 A;根据最后一段第二句中的Brooker suspects that this kind of chemicaldisguise is fairlycommonamong sea animals ” 可排除 C;根据最后一段第三句Sure itgiv

13、es a whole new meaning to the saying You are what you eat ！”可知，该句中的“You”指的不是人类，故排除D。3A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“ Animals use many tricks to hide from predators（ 捕食性动物）”和“ Brooker theorized that they too may be using a similar trick to fool their predators”可知，本文主要介绍了抵御捕食性动物的一种方法，故A 项符合题意。、语法填空。China will allow

14、 all couples to have two children, _1_ (give) up itsdecades-long one-child policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) _2_ (announce) after a keymeet ing on Thursday.The change of policy is intended to balaneepopulationchalle nge of an agi ng populati on, accord ing to a communiqu after the Fifth Ple

15、 narySessi on of the 18thCommunist PartyCommittee held from Mon day to Thursday.The proposal must be approved by the top legislature into force.Chi nas family pla nning policy was first i ntroduced in the late 1970s _5_(control) the rapid _6_ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples _

16、7_ one child, andas to rural couples, they can have two childre n on con diti on that their firstbor nchildwas a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Pare nts _8_were both only childre n in their family could have _9_ sec ond child.The one-child policy was _10 (far) loosened in November 2013 after th

17、e Third Ple nary Sessi onof the 18th CPC Cen tral Committee, and couples are allowed to havetwo children if one of them is an only child.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。1.giving考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语China 与 give up 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语，故填 giving。2. announce

18、d 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语 on Thursday 可知，本处应用一般过去 时。3.issued 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， issue 与 communiqie之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued 作定语。4.before考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before在.之刖 。development and meet thee(公报)_3_ (issue) ofChina (CPC) Central(立法机关)_4_ it comes5.to control考查非谓语动词。中国于 20 世纪 70 年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策 以控制急剧增

19、长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6.growth 考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7. to 考查介词。limit . to .“限定.到.”是固定搭配。& who/that考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为 parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。9. a 考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。这里指“再生一个小孩，或 可生第二个孩子”。10.further考查副词的比较级。 根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知， 本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度

20、，故填furtherWe have all heard of gia nt pan das, and know that they are endan gered. When onehas babies, it makes n ati onal n ews _1_ , and pictures of their babies are _2_circulated. But it now seems that the gia nt panda is not _3_ of itself. _The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of self-awar

21、eness.They cannot _5_themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recog niti on test to _6_whether childre n or ani mals have a _7_ of self-aware ness.In the test, an ani mal is prese nted _8_ a mirror. Researchers the n watch tosee _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in th

22、e mirror. If the animal notices themark, it often _11_ it. Humanchildren often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other ani mals have passed the mirror test, i ncludi ng mon keys, Asia nelepha nts and even pige ons. But whe n researchers tested pan das,12 of them didthe same thing a

23、s those animals did. 13, each panda behaved as if their _14_in the mirror was ano ther panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by_what they saw in the mirror, scratch ing their feet and walki ng _16_._The _1_7_ of this research will help desig n better areas for an imals incaptivity （圈养）.F

24、or example, on e-direct ional glass sometimes used in the areasmay _18_ pan das to feel stressed when they see their own image in the 19. Thatsbecause they might believe it to be ano ther pan da, _20_ themselves.1. A.papersC. headlinesD2. A.widely BC. especiallyD3. A.shyBC. consciousD4. A.failedB、完形

25、填空。B. pletely.fond.con fide nt.ignoredCfacedD conducted5 A.observeB discoverCrecognizeD understand6 A.believe inB find outC pick outD take in7 A.senseB questionCopinionD thought8 A.forBwithCinD before9 A.howBwhenC whyD whether10 A.touchableB seeableC sensibleD possible11 A.dismissesB admitsC feelsD

26、moves12 A.allBmostC oneDnone13 A.ThusB HoweverC InsteadDStill14 A.reactionB reflectionC operationD imagination15 A.trappedB amazedC threatened D teased16 A.backwardsB aloneC forwardsD along17 A.failureB outcomeC successD review18 A.causeB prepareCaccelerateDurge19 A.eyesB cagesC zooD glass20 A.other

27、 thanB regardless ofC because of D rather than解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。 本文对大熊猫、 儿童还有其他的动物都做了有关自我意识感方面的研究， 结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差， 即使照镜子， 它们也认不出镜子里的 自己。1 C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“ and know that they are endangered ”可推知， 当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C 项意为“头条（新闻）”，符合语境。A 项意为“报纸”；B 项意为“封面”；D 项意为“页码”，均与语境不符。故选C 项。2A 考查副词辨析。上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝

28、宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被广泛传阅。A 项意为“广泛地”，符合语境。B 项意为“流行地”；C 项意为“特别地”；D 项意为“完全地”，均与语境不符。故选A 项。3C 考查形容词辨析。 根据第二段第一句中的“ a classic test of self-awareness ” 可知，这里指的是现在看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C 项意为“有意识的”， 符合语境。A 项意为“害羞的”；B 项意为“喜欢的”；D 项意为“自信的”，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。4A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“ They cannot. have a _ ofself-aware

29、ness. ”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有通过这种经典的自我意识测试。A 项意为“失败”，符合语境。B 项意为“忽视”；C 项意为“面对”；D 项意为“指挥，引导”，均与 语境不符。故选 A 项。5C 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“ Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C 项意为“辨认出”，符合语境。A 项意为“观察”；B 项意为“发现”；D 项意为“理解”，均与语境不符。故选C 项。6B 考查动词短语辨析。 根据语境可知， 此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B 项意为“找到，弄清楚”，符合语境。A 项意

30、为“相信，信任”；C 项意为“挑选出”；D 项意为“吸收，欺骗”，均与语境不符。故选B 项。7. A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A 项意为“感觉”， a senseof 为固定搭配，意为“一种感”， 符合语境。B 项意为“问题”；C 项意为“观 点”；D 项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。故选 A 项。8. B 考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中呈现出来。表示 使用某种工具，应用介词 with 。9. D 考查连词辨析。 根据语境可知， 此处指研究者想观察大熊猫是否能注意到它脸上 的记号。故选 D 项。10.B 考查形容词辨析。 根据常识可知，

31、在自己脸上的标记， 只有在镜子中才能看到。B 项意为“可见的”，符合语境。A 项意为“可触摸的”；C 项意为“可觉察的”；D 项意为“可能的”，均与语境不符。故选B 项。11.C 考查动词辨析。根据下文的“ Many other animals have passed the mirrortest ”可知，此处指如果动物注意到脸上的标记，它会感受到这个标记的。C 项意为“感受，感觉”，符合语境。A 项意为“解雇，解散”；B 项意为“承认”；D 项意为“移动”，均与语境不符。故选 C 项。12D 考查代词辨析。 根据上文及转折词“ but ”可知， 此处指没有一只大熊猫像其他 动物一样能感受到脸

32、上的标记。故选 D 项。13 C 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子项意为“然而”；D 项意为“仍然”，均与语境不符。故选C 项。14 B 考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，镜子中应是映照出的影像。倒影”，符合语境。A 项意为“反应”；C 项意为“操作，手术”； 与语境不符。故选 B 项。15 C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中熊猫的反应可知，熊猫表现出好像受到镜子中“自己”的威胁。C 项意为“威胁”，符合语境。A 项意为“使陷入困境， 卡住”；B 项意为“使 惊讶”；D 项意为“取笑，戏弄”，均与语境不符。故选C 项。16.A 考查副词辨析。根据常识可知，害怕会向后退。

33、A 项意为“向后”，符合语境。B 项意为“独自地”；C 项意为“向前”；D 项意为“一起，沿着”，均与语境不符。故选A项。17.B 考查名词辨析。 根据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B 项意为“结果”，符合语境。A 项意为“失败”；C 项意为“成功”；D 项意为“复习”，均与语境不符。故选B项。18.A 考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指可以成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感到有压力。cause sb. to do sth. 意为“导致某人做某事”，符合语境。B 项意为“准备”；C 项意为“加速”；D 项意为“督促”，均与语境不符。故选A 项。19. D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“ one-directio

34、nal glass ”可知， glass 符合语 境。故选 D项。20.D 考查介词短语辨析。由语境可知，此处指这就是因为大熊猫相信镜子里是别的大熊猫而不是自己。D 项意为“而不是”，符合语境。A 项意为“除了”； B 项意为“不管”； C 项意为“因为”，均与语境不符。故选D 项。四、短文改错。One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky,nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the里的影像是其他大熊猫”。C 项意为“代替，而不是”，符合语境。A 项意为“因此”；BB 项意为“映像，D 项意为“想