职称英语真题-卫生类B级2003年

1、2003 年职称英语考试卫生类B 级试题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项（第115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面共有 15 个句子， 每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语画有底横线， 请从每个句子后面所给的4 个选项中选择 1 个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A influence B force C surprise D power2 Can you follow the plot?A change B investiga

2、te C understand D write3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A mental B physical C natural D hard4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A judgment B result C decision D event5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A beliefs B statements C suggest

3、ions D claims6 Up to now, the work has been easy.A So B So long C So far D So that7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A supposed B excited C discussed D suggested8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A Afterwards B Therefore C However D Furthermore9 The outl

4、ook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A sight B view C look D point10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tensely B nearly C closely D carefully11 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A invented B explained C considered D accepted12 He talks tough

5、but has a tender heart.A heavy B strong C wild D kind13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policyA making B taking C expecting D discussing14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A waste B buy C sell D use15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 lite

6、rs.A function B ability C volume D power第 2 部分：阅读判断 （第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A 涂黑； 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B 涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C 涂黑Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷 )virus(HIV), one of m

7、ankind s most feared viruses, as a car rier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune( 免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, acc ording to the

8、Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has cr eated a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U>S> Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinicalgene therapy(治疗 ) trials this year. Th

9、e first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot becured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus whi

10、ch has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“sh ocking ” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers

11、are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two year s, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学 )have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes a

12、nd make them lose their effects b efore they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scien

13、tists as a way ofsecretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.16 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 HIV can be safely

14、used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.A Right B Wrong C Not

15、mentioned21 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23 30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2 项测试任务： （ 1）第

16、 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2,3,5和 6 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题； （ 2） 第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Friendly Relations with the People AroundYou depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness（归属） that you must have t o feel secure. But, in fact,

17、the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them,a person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的 ) to be a lonely wolf.The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely you

18、r life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people aro und to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does n ot depend so much on having people

19、 around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. when the game is over, you will go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sha

20、ring the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索 ) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympath y, understanding, trust, and affection. Companionships become friends when these ties are formed.When

21、you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintance(熟人 ), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can b e sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.23. Paragraph 2.24. Paragraph 3.25. Paragraph 4.26. Paragraph 5.A. Close link between com

22、panionship and belongingnessB. How to satisfy other people's needsC. An example of a satisfying relationshipD. Difficulties in establishing friendshipsE. What companionship really isF. Making friends with new acquaintances27. If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be.28. The w

23、arm feelings of belongingness may give you.29. The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you.30. You will find it hard to make friends with people.A. sad and lonelyB. emotionally healthC. without real love for themD. a sense of securityE. a lonely wolfF. without pity第 4 部分：阅读理解 （

24、第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题，每道题后面有4 个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4 个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇Giving Up SmokingA number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁 ) patches are small, nicotine-containing a dhesive( 粘着性的 ) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slo

25、wly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream. Overtime, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works in a similar manner, p roviding small doses of nicotine when chewed.The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction o

26、f harm to the health of the smoking and easily admissio n to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因 ), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this c

27、laim.The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much high er, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to

28、85 percent in Denmark.In the United States, the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in 1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon Gener al Has Determined That Cigaret

29、te Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.”In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radioand television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces.31 Which of the following can help a person quit smoking?A. Using nicotine patches.B. Reading

30、 cigarette advertisements.C. Chewing ordinary gum.D. Participating in social activities.32. Nicotine gum is used to help a smokerA. stop smokingB. reduce weightC. clean his teethD. absorb nicotine immediately33. The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPTA. the reduction of ex

31、penses.B. the formation of a good habit.C. the reduction of harm to ones health.D. easier access to institutions that ban smoking.34. Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful?A. Consuming alcohol.B. Using heroin.C. Smoking cigarettes.D. Taking cocaine.35. Which of the foll

32、owing is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking?A. Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.B. Forbidding smoking in all public places.C. Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.D. Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.第二篇Effects of Exercise on Elderly Diabetics(糖尿病人 )Most older pe

33、ople with so-called type II diabetes(糖尿病 ) could stop taking insulin(胰岛素 ) if they would do brisk exercis e for 30 minutes just there times a week , according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper, Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospi

34、tal Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed th at physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication(药物治疗 ) today.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group o

35、f men with type II diabetes, all more than 60 years of age, exerc ise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subject s muscles could makeuse of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.Associate Professor Dr Flemming D

36、ela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons.“T his means that the insulin works just as well for b oth group. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate alm

37、ost all their symptoms. At the same timeit can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,” Dela said.Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺) , controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exer

38、cise to the point where they begin to sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.36. What is the effect of

39、 exercise on elderly people with type II diabetes?A. It can worsen their symptoms.B. It can help the body make better use of insulin.C. It can help them to eat more.D. It can cure them of the disease.37. The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects wasA. cycling six times a week fo

40、r three months.B. walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.C. swimming twice a day.D. running once a day.38. The researchers checked how well the test subjects insulin worked by measuringA. the blood sugar level in their bodies.B. the length of time they could cycle in one breath.C. the

41、 amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.D. the amount of insulin they took.39. It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwiseA. their symptoms will get worse.B. the blood sugar level will go up.C. their condition will be out of control.D. the desired effect ca

42、nnot be achieved.40. It can be seen from the passage that most diabetics are ignorant ofA. the significance of regular exercise.B. the necessity of watching their diet.C. the need to control their weight.D. the consequences of taking too much insulin.第三篇 First AidFirst aid is emergency care for a vi

43、ctim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway（气道） ,and breathing , in minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition form turning worse and provide reli

44、ef from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between comple te recovery and loss of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what no

45、t to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead topermanent spinal(脊柱的 ) injury and paralysis(瘫痪 ).Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is

46、 to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess, the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or fri ends about details of the injury or illness,

47、 any care that may have already been given ,and preexisting conditions such as diabetes( 糖尿病 ) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet(手镯 )or card that describes special medica l conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injur

48、y, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for eval uating a victims condition is known by the acronym(首字母缩写词)ABC, which stands for:A-Airway: Is it open and clear?B-Breathing: Is the person breathing? Lo

49、ok, listen, and feel for breathing.C-Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indi cations of circulation problems.41 First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPTA saving a victims life.B preventing a victims cond

50、ition from getting worse.C relieving a victim from pain.D helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury42 Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for usA to make sure what to do and what not to doB to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid.C to remove the ring or bra

51、celet he may be wearing.D to take him to a hospital at once43 In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of allA remove him from the accident scene.B turn him overC call for professional medical helpD examine him care fully44 You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXCE

52、PT A checking whether there is a pulse.B looking, listening and feeling for breathing.C replacing his medical bracelet or card.D examining whether the airway is open and clear.45 The purpose of the passage is to tell the readerA the importance of protecting the accident scene.B some basic facts abou

53、t first aidC what professional medical help isD who ca administer first aid.第 5 部分：补全短文 （第 4650 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）阅读下面的短文，文章中有5 处空白，文章后面有6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5 组文字，将其分别放回文章原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Lowering the Risk of Heart DiseaseLike millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of

54、 the heart disease. My father had his first threeheart attacks when he was only thirty-one.(46) I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn t take it seriously.When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol（胆固醇） level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor t old me- an

55、 extremely high level that put me at a very high high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health（NIH） to be screened for participation in a clinical trial.(47)At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood chole

56、sterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery（动脉） up to the heart.（ 48）Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared th e life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have