职称英语考试真题理工类B级阅读理解(文字版)

1、职称英语考试真题理工类B 级阅读理解（文字版）Can you hear This ?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium 礼(堂)，listenershear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls , floor ,and ceiling . These are called the reflected wave or reverbe

2、rant ( 反 射 的 ) sound , which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium .Itis also determined by how well or how poorly the walls , ceiling, floor , and contents of the

3、room (including the people ) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-soundperformance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time . The light ,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between .Acou

4、stic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth , curved(弯曲的 )reflecting surfaces create large reflections . Parallel (平行的 )walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing( 有节奏的跳动 )effect. Large pillars ( 柱 )and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the soun

5、d waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers andrelectors to change the reverberation time of a room .Forexample , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achi

6、eve a pleasing mixture of sound.1. This Passage is mainly aboutA sound waves and their acoustic effect . B the types of music orchestras playC walls of an auditoriumD the design of an auditorium2. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with 2 / 3 A a short reverberation ti

7、me B a long reverberation timeC an intermediate reverberation time D no reverberation time3. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should A achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB get rid of all reflections C not have absorbers.D have smooth surfaces4. Large pillars and corners may A make sound

8、rich and fullB be cures for sound problems C be sources of sound problems D function as well as clouds5. The word“ acoustic“ in the last paragraph has something to do withA performance B Music C sound D noiseSmart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting， but t

9、he lightcoming through the windowalso provides heat.However， windowsare notsomething people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology.Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a swi

10、tch2.“ Ittook us a long time to figure out what a window really is, ”says ClaesGranqvist.He s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “Its contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. ”So， windows and natural lig

11、ht are important for improving the way people feel when they re stuck indoors.Yet， windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control.In the winter ，cold air leaks in.When it s hot and sunny，sunlight streams in.All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy

12、.And all of this extra heatforces people to turn ontheir air conditioners.Producing blasts of cold air ， which can feel so refreshing， actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years，sci

13、entists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating ， glazing ，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient.Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color.For example， a shee

14、t of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery.Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark whenthe charge is removed，that is，when the amount of voltage is decreased，the window darkens until it s completely dark after

15、all electricity is taken away.So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “ memory. ” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other.Then， it stays th

16、at way.Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes，depending on the size of the window.The development of smart windowscould mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“Granqvist says,“ our buildings may look different.” 练习：1. Which of the following statements does

17、not indicate the importance of windowsas described in the first two paragraphs?A Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy. B Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.2. W

18、hen are windows the weak link in a building?A In the cold winter.B In the hot summer.C When air conditioners are turned on. D Both A and B.3. What are smart windows，according to Paragraph 4?A Windows that are coated. B Windows that are glazed.C Windows the color of which can be changed. D Windows th

19、at have many layers.4. To make electrochromic windows change color ， what is applied to the windowglass?A Electricity.B Tungsten oxide.C A battery.D A voltage.5. What willhe the benefit if the research on smart windowsturns out to be successful， according to the last paragraph?A The buildings will l

20、ook different.B Windows can be as large as you want.C We may not need air conditioners any more.D They are less expensive than traditional windows.词汇：flip n. 比喻意为 “最先进的，科技含量的 ”。2. anywhere in between witha flip of a switch ：就在开或关的一霎那。3. Uppsala University in Sweden ：瑞典的乌普萨拉大学。乌普萨拉是瑞典东部一座城市，位于斯德哥尔摩的西

21、北方向。答案与题解：1. A 第一段告诉我们窗户因为让阳光进入房间，并且为房间提供热源，所以节约了能源。第二段说，窗户使人们能接触外部世界。所以B、C 和 D 都说明了窗户的重要性。第一段最后一句说，研究者正在实验能让窗户变换亮度，但并没有说已经实验成功，所以A 是错误的说法，是正确选择。2. D 短文第三段的第一句说： windows are the weak link in a building ，接下来是对这句话分寒冬和炎夏做了说明。所以D 是正确选择。3. C 第四段告诉我们，多年来，科学家已研究出多种通过窗户节能的办法，而 smart windows 使用的技术使窗户能变换颜色。所以

22、C 是正确选择。4. B 第五段第二句提供了答案。 a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide 中的 coated 是“涂上一层薄薄的 ”的意思。5. C 短文最后一段的第五句提供了答案。理工类 B 级完形填空Warmer Climate Will Bake Tropical BugsGlobal warming could cook tropical insects, with unpredictable knock-on effects, say researche

23、rs who warn that rising temperatures also(51) tropical frogs, lizards ( 蜥蜴).Temperatures are (52) to increase much faster in temperate and polar regions than in the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affect insects and other cold-blooded animals (53) had evolved in tropical regions

24、withlittletemperature variation.Curtis Deutsch at the Universityof Californiaat Los Angeles and colleagues analysed data (54)insectsurvivalandreproductionfor38species indifferent ecosystems, and then estimated how these values would (55) withpredictions of climate change for the 21st century.The tea

25、m found that the reproductive (56) of tropical insects tends to peak very close to the temperatures where they normallylive,but (57) sharply at higher temperatures. This means that cranking up the heat only a small amount can exert a heavy toll, leaving insects unable to reproduce (58) enough to kee

26、p up their numbers.Temperature toleranceTemperate insects reproduce well over a broader range, and do not live as (59) totheir thermal limit, so they can reproduce successfully when their climate warms more than in the tropics.“ Tropical insects do very well in a narrow band of temperatures, but mov

27、e themabove that (60) and they die,” says team member Josh Tewksbury of the Univers Washington in Seattle.The heart of the (61) is temperature tolerance. emperate-zone insects have evolved to survive the much broader temperature swings of seasonal climates, than have their tropical relatives.The (62) appears worse for animals that live in hot stable climate of the lower levels of tropical forests. Lizards in clear areas can find shade to cool down, but those living in the forest are already in the (63), and ther