大学英语讲义

1、Unit One 词汇的掌握考试大纲词汇要求 掌握4250个单词和500个常用词组 复用式掌握其中的1800常用单词和200个词组 派生词 试题中词汇语法题占20分 The newly promoted assistant manager expressed a wish to be _ to the London branch.（2005年）A exchangedB transmittedC transferredD movedA 交换 B 传送 C 调动 D 搬到 _ your jacket, please. The room is very warm. （2005年）A Take off

2、B Take afterC Take upD Take onA 脱掉 B 与相似 C 开始 D 呈现 David was completely _ by his robbers disguise. （2005，天津） A take downB taken on C taken inD taken up A 写下 B 呈现 C 欺骗 D 占据 The doctor _ me to the danger of not getting enough rest while working overtime. （2005年）A alertedB remindedC ledD persuaded A. 警

3、告 B 提醒 C 引导 D 劝说短语: alert sb. to sth. 警告例句 (2005，广东) Over a third of the population in that African country was estimated to have no _ to the health service.A. excessB. successC. processD. access A. 过度 B. 成功 C. 过程 D. 接近（机会）例句 （2005年）There is nothing _ about a native English-speaking teacher except t

4、hat he speaks Englisheasily and well. A particularB special C specificD especial重点词汇讲解重点词汇讲解易混相似词和词组辨析易混相似词和词组辨析1. access; excess; success; process access: 进入；利用的权利（机会） excess: 过分；过度 success: 成功 process: 过程； 经过；2. accuse; remind; inform; rob; suspect; convince用法相同的： accuse sb. of sth. 指控 remind sb.

5、of sth. 提醒 inform sb. of 通知 rob sb. of. 抢劫 suspect sb. of 怀疑. convince sb. of 让 相信Ex: - We accused him of stealing the book. - The picture reminded me of the old days. - The teacher informed us of the meeting next week. - The man robbed the old lady of her purse. be accustomed to + 名词名词/Ving; be use

6、d to +名词名词/Ving 习惯于习惯于比较：比较：used to + 动词动词 过去常常做过去常常做3Ex: - We are accustomed to the weather here. - He is used to living in the big city now. - He used to help me when I was in trouble. - We used not to go fishing on Sunday.4. adopt; adapt; adjust; adopt: 收养， 采纳， 采用词组：adopt sth. 采纳 adopt sb. 收养某人 a

7、dapt: 使适应; 改编词组： adapt （oneself) to sth. 适应 EX: - He adopted our suggestion. (他采纳了我们的建议.) - Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. （他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。） - The boy adapted himself to the life here. 例句 (2005年） The new immigrants found it hard to_ themselves to

8、 the climate of the country.A adoptB adaptC regulateD coordinate adjust: 调节；适应 用法：adjust (oneself) to + 名词名词EX: - She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。5. advance; progress; 进展 词组： make progress 取得进步 make an advance/make advances 取得进步Ex: - We have made progress these days. -

9、He has made advances both in work and in study.6. able; capable; competent able: 做事所需的力量，技巧词组：be able to do sth. （能够做) capable: 满足一般需要的能力词组：be capable of doing sth. （能够做) competent: 胜任的词组：be competent to do sth. be competent for sth. 7. available; applicable; approachable; attainable available (to):

10、 可用的， 可获得的 applicable (to): 适用的；可应用的； approachable: 可接近的；可进入的 attainable: 可到达的；可达成的p available: 可用的;可获得的EX: - Breakfast is available to fishermen from 6. a.m. 从上午六点起渔民有早餐供应. - There are three small boats available for hire. 有三置小船可供租用.例句 （2006年） Powerful computers _ translating documents from one lan

11、guage into the other have recently been developed in Japan.A able toB available toC capable ofD liable to 例句None of the servants were _ when Mr.Smith wanted to send a message.A availableB applicableC approachableD attainable liable: 易于.的; 易患. 短语：be liable to do sth. 易于.的Ex: - We are liable to make m

12、istakes. 短语: be liable to sth. 易患. Ex: - A baby is liable to diseases. 婴儿易患疾病.8. afford的用法 与can 或could 连用；不能单独使用p can/could afford sth. 买得起；承担得起；Ex: - I can afford the bike. 我买得起这个自行车。p can/could afford to do sth. 承担得起做 Ex： - How can I afford (to spend) so much money for a car? 我怎么付得起这么多钱买这部车？9. alo

13、ne, lonely alone: 副词 单独地； adj. 单独的 （只作表语） lonely: adj. 孤单的， （作表语和定语） Ex： - I spent a lot of time alone. - You are not alone any longer. - a lonely island 例句 I shall have a companion in the house after all these _ years. A lonelyB sole C singleD alone10. effective; efficient; efficacious effective: 有

14、效的， 有影响力的 efficient: 效率高的， 有效率的 efficacious: 有效验的EX： - take effective measures 采取有效措施 - effective medicine - The telephone system is highly efficient. (这个电话系统效率很高。） 例 句 One of the most _ ways of improvinglistening comprehension is by watchingtelevision. A specificB effective C specialD efficient例句Th

15、ey took _ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A beneficialB effectiveC fruitfulD valid effect (名词&动词） 影响，结果 词组： have an effect on sth. (对 有影响）EX： - The medicine has a good effect on me. (这种药对我有良好的功效。） affect (动词）影响 - The noise from the street affected our work. （马路上的噪音影响我们工作。） Her mind

16、 was so _ by the disease that she could not remember who she was.A influenceB acted C effectedD affected Examples: influence & effect (正面) 影响 affect (负面)影响 act 起作用;行动- Does the drug take long to act?- In this case we acted properly and responsibly. 在这件事上我们做得恰当,而且是负责任的.11. arise; raise; rise; arouse

17、arise: 出现，产生 raise: 使 上升； 提高； rise: 上升， 升起 arouse: 唤起； 激起；例句 （2007，北京） With oil prices keeping _, people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not.A risingB arisingC raisingD arousing raise: 增加;提高; 栽培;抚育 Ex: - raise the rent of the room 提高房租 - raise the standard of living 提高生活水准 - raise wheat 种小麦 -

18、 raise a child 养小孩 arouse: 唤起;激起Ex: - The book arouses my interest in English. (这本书引起我对英语的兴趣.) - arouse anxiety/curiosity/suspicion (引起不安/好奇心/怀疑)12. reward; grant; allowance; pension; fund; reward: 酬金 grant: 助学金，奖学金 allowance: 津贴，补贴例句 (2006年) All the British universities receive some government _ ex

19、cept Buckingham. A allowanceB grants C fundingD cooperation例句 （2005年）Life presents many barriers, and all too oftenthose who work hardest may not receive great_. A rewardsB grants C allowanceD praise 13. reward & award (动词)reward: 报答;答谢;奖赏词组: reward sb. with sth. - The teacher rewarded the student w

20、ith a computer. (老师奖赏这个学生一台电脑.) award: 授予;奖励;奖赏 用法: award sth. to sb. award sb. sth. EX: - The judges awarded the first prize to her for her picture. - The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. (评审委员把她的画评为头奖.) 14. special; specific; especial; particular special: 特别的，专门的 specific: 明确的，

21、具体的； 特定的 especial: 特别的， 尤其,格外的（文语词） particular:特殊的;个别的, 挑剔的 EX: - This is the special day in the history of our country. (今天是我国历史上一个特殊的日子.) - I want a specific explanation. (我要一个具体的解释.) - She has an especial fondness for music. (她对音乐又特殊的偏好.) - There is nothing in the letter of particular importance.

22、 (这封信里没有特别重要的内容.)例句 (2006年) One of the most _ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television.A specificB proficientC efficientD special15. contribute; attribute; distribute; retribute； contribute to sth. 贡献; 导致 attribute to 把 归因于 distribute sth. 分发 Ex: - The design faults contri

23、bute to the tragedy. - Women tend to attribute their success to luck. -The guy distributed the leaflets and posters to passers-by. 例句 （2005年）Those who failed in the entrance examinationsare likely to _ their failures to bad luck. A contributeB attributeC distributeD retribute 以下短语意思: 引起;导致 (主语为原因; 宾

24、语为结果) result in bring about lead to give rise to causeEX: - Your carelessness will lead to failure in work. - I dont know what brought about the change in his thinking. 我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法.16. result from 造成 结果 Ex: - His failure in the exam resulted from his carelessness. 考试不及格是由于他的粗心造成的。 attribute to .

25、 Ex: - She attributed her failure to bad luck. 她把失败的原因于运气不好。17. request; require; needrequest sb. to do sth. 请求 做require sb. to do sth. 要求 做need sb. to do sth. 需要 做MORE:request that.( 从句用虚拟语气）require that.( 从句用虚拟语气）18. persuade; dissuade; persuade sb. to do sth. 劝 做 dissuade sb. from doing sth. 劝阻More to learn:persuasive: 有说服力的 - a persuasive opinion 例句 （2006年）In European universities, students arenot _ to attend classes.A requestedB persuadedC neededD required(key: D) 19. beside; besides; except beside: 在 旁边； besides: 除 以外（还包括）； except:除 以外（不包括）；Ex：- Beside his plate is a pile of book