高中英语必修四unit4语法：v-ing作定语和状语(公开课)教学内容

1、高中英语必修四unit4语法：V-ing作定语和状语(公开课)1. 单个动词的单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面前面, 动名词作定语表示被修饰者的动名词作定语表示被修饰者的作用或功能作用或功能, 现在分词作定语常表示被修饰者的动作或状态。现在分词作定语常表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：如：a sleeping car 卧车卧车 = a car for sleeping a sleeping child 一个正在睡觉的孩子一个正在睡觉的孩子 = a child who is sleeping 一、一、V-ing 作定语作定语动名词动名词现在分词现在分词1)

2、drinking water 饮用水饮用水 = water for drinking2) a walking stick 拐杖拐杖 = a stick for walking3) a reading room 阅览室阅览室 = a room for reading 4) a writing desk 写字桌写字桌 = a desk for writing5) tiring music 令人疲倦的音乐令人疲倦的音乐 = music which/that is tiring 6) a surprising result令人吃惊的结果令人吃惊的结果 = a result which/that is

3、surprising现在分词现在分词【即练即练1】同义改写同义改写动名词动名词2. Ving 形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词放在所修饰的名词 之后之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：如：The experiment was an amazing success.=The experiment was a success which was amazing. They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that/which faces the stree

4、t. 3. V-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于相当于 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句, 这时它与句子其他部分用这时它与句子其他部分用 逗号分开。逗号分开。如如: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 1)The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Pete

5、rs father. 2)Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 3) Her sons, both working abroad ring her every week. =Her sons, who both work / are both working abroad, ring her every week.【即练即练2】用定语从句改写用定语从句改写1. 现在分词作状语时现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是分词的逻辑主语必

6、须是句子的主语句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。否则不能用现在分词作状语。如如: Hearing the knock on the door，they stopped talking.听到有人在敲门，他们停止了谈话。When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.（hearing的逻辑主语是句子的主语的逻辑主语是句子的主语they 发出的，发出的，当主从句主语相同时，可把从句改为分词短语）当主从句主语相同时，可把从句改为分词短语） 二

7、、现在分词作状语二、现在分词作状语2. 现在分词作状语时现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语不是句子的分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时主语时, 不能直接用现在分词作状语。不能直接用现在分词作状语。判断正误：判断正误：When she heard the words, her face went red.( )Hearing the words, her face went red.( )（分词hearing的逻辑主语不是句子的主语 her face发出的, 不能用现在分词作状语） 【注意注意】分词的逻辑主语不相同时分词的逻辑主语不相同时, 要用独立主语，要用独立主语，即独立主格结构。即独立主格结构

8、。如:The girl waiting for the bus, a bird fell on her head=When the girl waited for the bus, a bird fell on her head.3. 少部分少部分V-ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，不要误认为是子主语与其无任何语法关系，不要误认为是V-ing形式作状语。形式作状语。如：如：Judging from his tone, theres no doubt he is against it.从他的话音可判断，毫无疑问他是反对的。从他的话音可判断，

9、毫无疑问他是反对的。常见短语：generally/strictly/exactly speaking大体/严格/准确说来judging from/by.根据判断talking of.谈到considering.考虑，鉴于supposing (that).假设，假定regarding.关于1) The child ran through the rain, his hair got wet. _, his hair got wet.2) If time permits, well do another experiment. _, well do another experiment.3) Wh

10、en she heard the words, her face went red. _, her face went red.4) Because all the tickets had been sold out, they went away disappointedly. _, they went away disappointedly. 【即练即练3】用分词短语改写用分词短语改写The child running through the rainTime permittingShe hearing the wordsAll the tickets having been sold o

11、ut如如: 1) Hearing the bell, they began to enter the room. 解析解析: hearing是一般式主动，表示听到和进入两个动作是一般式主动，表示听到和进入两个动作 同时发生同时发生,相当于状从相当于状从:When they heard the bell 2) The building being built now is our new library. 解析解析: being built是一般式被动形式是一般式被动形式, 表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行 之中之中,相当于定从相当于定从:The building which is being

12、built now 3) Having done the work, he went home.解析解析: Having done是完成式主动是完成式主动,强调听见和进入两个动作强调听见和进入两个动作 先后发生先后发生,相当于状从相当于状从:After he (had) finished the work 主动形式 被动形式 (not)doing being done (not)having done having been done一般式一般式完成式完成式三、三、V-ing的形式和句法功能的形式和句法功能1. V-ing 的一般式和完成式的一般式和完成式2. 现在分词在句中作状语现在分词在句

13、中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整修饰谓语动词或整个句子个句子, 表示动作发生的表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词等。现在分词一般不用作一般不用作表目的地状语表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语通常用不定式表目的地状语)。1)表时间状语表时间状语 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2) 表原因状语表原因状语 Bein

14、g a student, you should study hard.=Since you are a student, you should study hard. 3) 表伴随状语表伴随状语 作伴随状语的分词表示的动作作伴随状语的分词表示的动作, 必须是必须是主语的主语的 一个动作一个动作, 或是或是与谓语所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作(或状态或状态) 同时发生同时发生, 或是或是对谓语表示的动词对谓语表示的动词(或状态或状态)作作 进一步补充说明进一步补充说明。 He sat on the sofa, watching TV. =He sat on the sofa, and watch

15、ed TV.4) 表结果表结果状语状语 Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.5) 表条件表条件状语状语 Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find a way.【即练即练4】用分词短语改写用分词短语改写1) When they heard the strange noise，t

16、hey felt scared. Hearing the strange noise, they felt scared.2) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. Being ill，he didnt go to school yesterday.3) If you walked ahead, you will see a white house. Walking ahead, you will see a white house.4) They laughed and talked happily as they went

17、 into the classroom. Laughing and talking happily, they went into the classroom.5) Unfortunately, his father died, and left the family even worse off. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off.1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smit

18、h, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. I. 用用V-ing形式改写句子形式改写句子When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there

19、is reading a book about body language.whois standing4. Because he didnt know anyone, he stood there silently. _ _ anyone, he stood there silently.Not knowing 5. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one.6. Because he hadnt received an a

20、nswer, he decided to write another letter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.hangingNot having received7. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.8. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in th

21、e school. It _ _, there are no students in the school. Seeing being Sunday9. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunted all the shops, _ _ a nice present for his mother.10. If you study hard, youll make progress. _ _, youll make progress. _ _, and youll make progress. (祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句)looking forStudying hardStudy hardII单句改错。句子共有单句改错。句子共有10处语言，涉及一个单处语言，涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/）,并在该句并在该句 下面写出该加的词。下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出 修改后的词。修改后的词。1. H