新版牛津英语八年级上U2 More Practice

1、 人类最早用来计数的工具是手指和脚趾，人类最早用来计数的工具是手指和脚趾，但它们只能表示但它们只能表示2020以内的数字。当数目很多时，以内的数字。当数目很多时，大多数的原始人就用小石子和豆粒来记数。渐大多数的原始人就用小石子和豆粒来记数。渐渐地人们不满足粒为单位的记数，又发明了打渐地人们不满足粒为单位的记数，又发明了打绳结、刻画记数的方法，在兽皮、兽骨、树木、绳结、刻画记数的方法，在兽皮、兽骨、树木、石头上刻画记数。中国古代是用木、竹或骨头石头上刻画记数。中国古代是用木、竹或骨头制成的小棍来记数，称为算筹。这些记数方法制成的小棍来记数，称为算筹。这些记数方法和记数符号慢慢转变成了最早的数字符

2、号（数和记数符号慢慢转变成了最早的数字符号（数码）。如今，世界各国都使用阿拉伯数字为标码）。如今，世界各国都使用阿拉伯数字为标准数字。准数字。 数字并不是阿拉伯人发明创造的，而是发数字并不是阿拉伯人发明创造的，而是发源于古印度。数字后来被阿拉伯人用于经商而源于古印度。数字后来被阿拉伯人用于经商而掌握，经改进，并传到了西方。西方人由于首掌握，经改进，并传到了西方。西方人由于首先接触到阿拉伯人使用过这些数字，便误以为先接触到阿拉伯人使用过这些数字，便误以为是他们发明的，所以便将这些数字称为阿拉伯是他们发明的，所以便将这些数字称为阿拉伯数字，造成了这一历史的误会。后来，随着在数字，造成了这一历史的误

3、会。后来，随着在世界各地的普遍传播，大家都认同了世界各地的普遍传播，大家都认同了“阿拉伯阿拉伯数字数字”这个说法，使世界上很多地方的人都误这个说法，使世界上很多地方的人都误认为是阿拉伯人发明的数字，实际上是阿拉伯认为是阿拉伯人发明的数字，实际上是阿拉伯人最早开始广泛使用数字，尽管后来人们知道人最早开始广泛使用数字，尽管后来人们知道了事情的真相，但由于习惯了，就一直没有改了事情的真相，但由于习惯了，就一直没有改正过来。正过来。数字是一种用来表示数的书写符号。数字是一种用来表示数的书写符号。不同的记数系统可以使用相同的数字，比如，不同的记数系统可以使用相同的数字，比如，十进制和二进制都会用到数字十

4、进制和二进制都会用到数字“0”0”和和“1”1”。同一个数在不同的记数系统中有不同的表示，同一个数在不同的记数系统中有不同的表示，比如，数比如，数3737（阿拉伯数字十进制）可以有多种（阿拉伯数字十进制）可以有多种写法：写法：中文数字写作三十七中文数字写作三十七罗马数字写作罗马数字写作XXXVIIXXXVII阿拉伯数字二进制写作阿拉伯数字二进制写作100101100101Before the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways to count things.At first, people used th

5、eir fingers, and even their toes. However, they could only count small numbers in this way.After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones. This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the numberof animals the

6、y had.Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily. This developed into tools like the abacus. Finally, people began to develop systems of written

7、marks to show different numbers, and this led to the Hindu-Arabic system(0-9). We are still using this system today.Finally, they began to develop(4)_This led to (5)_used their fingers, and even their toes.used their fingers, and even their toes.small marks on sticks and small marks on sticks and bo

8、nes.bones.A Read the online article and then complete the flow chart about the development of counting methods.First, people used(1)_After that, they made(2)_Then they used(3)_tokens made from clay or small stones. tokens made from clay or small stones. systems of written markssystems of written mar

9、ks. .the Hindu-Arabic system(0-9)the Hindu-Arabic system(0-9). .B Are there any other ways of counting? Discuss this with your classmates.Language pointsThey used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had. 人们利用它们来数数，像每个月的天数，食物的数量还有他们所拥有的牲畜

10、的数目。amount 用作名词，意为“数量；总额”，通常用于a (great / large) amount of 短语中，表示“大量；许多”，其后通常接不可数名词。例如：他赚了很多钱。He made a large amount of money.注意the amount of 和the number of 的区别：这两个短语都表示“的数量”，其区别在于:前者与不可数名词连用，而后者与可数名词的复数形式连用。例如:降雨量影响农作物的生长。The amount of rain affects the growth of crops. 在过去的五十年里，老虎的数目锐减。The number of

11、 tigers has reduced sharply in the last fifty years. 而a (great / large) amount of 和a (great /large) number of 都表示“大量；许多”，其区别在于前者与不可数名词连用，而后者与可数名词的复数形式连用。例如：一大笔钱花在了购买图书上。A large amount of money was spent on books.很多人造卫星现在正环绕地球飞行。A number of satellites are now circling the Earth. 选择最佳答案填空。( )1. Genera

12、lly, there are _ television programmes for children on Saturdays. A. little B. much C. a large number ofD. a large amount of( )2. Eggs have _of fat content ( 脂肪含量). A. large number B. a large number C. a high amount D. the high amount判断句子正误，如有错误请改正。3. She has spent a large number of money on her clo

13、thes. ( )_4. The large number of settlers from France reached Canada in 1534. ( )_C 把number改为amountC把The改为A. and this led to the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9).然后这最终形成了阿拉伯数字系统。lead to 可表示：(1) (道路)等通往。例如：条条道路通罗马。All roads lead to Rome. (2) 引起(结果等)；导致。常见搭配：lead to + n. / v.-ing。那场大雨引起水灾。The heavy rain led

14、to a flood.懒惰导致考试的失败。Laziness leads to failing the exam.注意以下搭配：lead sb to some place 把某人带到某地lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事根据中文意思完成句子。1. 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 Too much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.2. 我认为这事不会有什么好结果。 I _ _ it _ _ _ a good result.3. 这条街能直通动物园吗? _ this street _ right _the zoo?4. 旅馆服

15、务生把我们带到了我们的房间。 The bell boy _ _ _ our rooms. lead todont think will lead toDoes lead toled us to选择最佳答案填空。( )1. We will only have a _ examination this time. A. write B. wrote C. writing D. written( )2. Peter can use some different ways _ out the problems. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked( )3.

16、I think I can study English well _. A. in this way B. on the way C. by the way D. on my way( )4. He studies English _ better than me. A. very B. soC. quite D. evenDBADAbout lucky numbers The lucky number has become increasingly (逐渐地) popular in the daily life of our modern society. For example, the

17、number “eight”means earning big money which people like most, whilethe number“four”means death. Some people believe lucky numbers so deeply that they will afford a telephone with numbers without four and others, which is bad in their mind. They argue that the lucky number really canbring good luck,

18、and, at least, no evidence (证据) testifies (证实) they can not. Yet other people dont think so. They argue that numbers are nothing but a kind of symbol used for counting. Numbers have nothing to do with luck. It is superstitious toconnect ones life with the numbers. So, they laugh at those who think n

19、umbers can bring good luck. I am in favor of (赞同) the latter opinion. We shouldnt depend on numbers to fulfill (实现) our wishes. Whether we can live a rich life largely depends on ourselves. Ourlife is in our own hands. So we should work hard instead of depending on lucky numbers to bring us a happy life.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。( )1. According to the article, which number means earning big money which people like mos