定语从句(new)

1、1. 这是一只可爱的小猫。这是一只可爱的小猫。2. 这是我昨天买的可爱的小猫。这是我昨天买的可爱的小猫。This is a lovely little cat.This is a lovely cat that I bought yesterday.that I bought yesterday.Translation:1.I have a new book.2.A plane is a machine that can fly.3.The boy who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.先行词：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词被定语从

2、句所修饰的名词、代词定语从句：定语从句：修饰限制一个名词或代词的从句称修饰限制一个名词或代词的从句称 为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰 的先行词后面。的先行词后面。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词, 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose等等China is a country which has a long history. _定语从句的分类定语从句的分类定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive

3、 Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确限制、确定的定的作用，是先行词作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语不可缺少的定语，如果如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗不能用逗号号隔开隔开, 译成汉语时放在译成汉语时放在被修饰词之前被修饰词之前。The man _ c

4、ame here yesterday has come again.who 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间和主句之间须用逗号须用逗号隔开，译成汉语时不必隔开，译成汉语时不必放在放在被修饰词之前，而是单独为一句被修饰词之前，而是单独为一句。如：。如：Charlie Chaplin, _died in 1977, was one of the worlds greatest actors.who He live

5、s in another town, _is only about an hours ride from here. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _ sat a small boy.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可不可用用that，指人时用指人时用who(主语主语),whom(宾语宾语)，指，指物时须用物时须用which.whichwhich关系词关系词1. 关系代词关系代词2. 关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况that who whom whosetha

6、t which whosewhichas“正如正如”when where why=介词介词+whichvExercises:1.The boy _told me the news is not here.2.The man _you saw yesterday is my uncle.who/that( whom )She is a girl. The girl is beautiful.She is a girl who is beautiful.She is a girl. We all like the girl.She is a girl (whom/that) we all like

7、.v先行词先行词指人指人时时:关系代词在关系代词在定语定语从句中从句中作作主语主语时用时用who/that;作作宾语宾语时用时用whom/that或或省略省略。小结：vExercises:2.Guilin is a city _ has a history of 2,000 years.which/that1.This is a book . The book is new.This is a book which/ that is new.This is a book (which/that) I bought yesterday.2.This is a book. I bought the

8、 book yesterday.小结：小结：v先行词先行词指物指物时：在时：在定语从定语从句中句中充当充当主语主语时时，关系代关系代词用词用which/that；充当；充当宾宾语语时用时用which/that或或省略省略。1. I have a friend . Her name is Jenny.I have a friend whose name is Jenny.2. I have a book. Its cover is red.I have a book whose cover is red.小结小结：whose既可指人，也可指物既可指人，也可指物，在在定语从句中定语从句中充当充当定

9、语定语；后面总跟一个；后面总跟一个名词（名词（whose + n.）充当从句中的主）充当从句中的主语、宾语。语、宾语。Exercises:1.Id like a room _window looks out over the sea.2.The girl _name is Mary will go shopping tonight. whose whose 先行词先行词关系词关系词在从句中充当的成分在从句中充当的成分人人 Who/whom/that主、宾、表主、宾、表物物Which/that主、宾主、宾人人/物物 whose定定v定语从句口诀：定语从句口诀：v前看前看先行辨清人或物，先行辨清人

10、或物，后看后看从句有无主宾语从句有无主宾语;v先行指人用先行指人用who/whom/that,先行指物用先行指物用which/that;vwhose通常用作通常用作定语定语，人、物人、物两者都兼顾两者都兼顾.conclusion1. The man _I saw told me to come back today.2. I know a boy _ father is an actor.3. He showed me a machine _ parts are too small to be seen.4. The number of people _ were killed or inju

11、red reached more than 400,000.5.I have bought a watch _ was advertised on TV.(whom/that)whose whose whowhich/that语法填空语法填空 Last year I came back to my middle school 1_was founded in 1913. A celebration was held there. Many people 2 _had ever studied there went back to attend it. I saw many classmates

12、 3I hadnt seen for ages. We went around the school to see many things 4are familiar to us, including our classroom 5doors face south. Also we visited our teachers, with 6help we made great progress in our study. whichwho/that(who/whom/that)which/thatwhosewhoseTranslation:1.他是一个很痴迷音乐的人他是一个很痴迷音乐的人. 2.

13、 这是我从北京买回来的新书这是我从北京买回来的新书.3. 我们昨天参观的那所学校始建于八十年前我们昨天参观的那所学校始建于八十年前。4. 这就是我的那个家在地震中被毁的邻居。这就是我的那个家在地震中被毁的邻居。He is a person who/that is crazy about music.TheseThese are the new books (which/that) I boughtin Beijing.The school (which /that) we visited yesterdaydates back to 80 years ago.This is my neighb

14、ors whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.The school was three kilometres away. I studied at the school only two years.The school where I studied only two years was three kilometres away. (at which)小结：小结：v先行词先行词指地点指地点,关系副词在定语从句关系副词在定语从句 中作中作地点状语地点状语时用时用where.at the schoolThe day was one of the

15、happiest days of my life. Mary told me what to do and help me on that day.The day when Mary told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life. (on which)小结：小结：v先行词先行词指时间指时间,关系副词在定语从句关系副词在定语从句 中作中作时间状语时间状语时用时用when.on that dayI got a job . The reason was that I worked hard.The r

16、eason why I got a job was that I worked hard. (for which)小结：小结：v先行词先行词指原因指原因,关系副词在定语从句关系副词在定语从句 中作中作原因状语原因状语时用时用why.The reason Exercises: I dont believe the reason _ he has given for not coming to the lecture. 2. Thats the Science Museum _ we visited last year. 3. We have to delay the party till nex

17、t week, _ we will not have something important to do. 4. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird 1. Flu is being studied. that / whichwhichwhenwhere5. After living with his grandparents in the countryside for ten years, the boy returned to the big city _ his paren

18、ts worked. 6. The reason _he changed his mind is not clear. wherewhyExx: 我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远. The school_ was three kilometers away. 2. 我非常怀念我们一起学习的美好日子我非常怀念我们一起学习的美好日子. I miss the good days _ very much. 3.那就是为什么他能得到奖赏的理由那就是为什么他能得到奖赏的理由.1. That is the reason _.where I only studied t

19、wo yearswhen we studied together why he can get the reward 以上是对连接定语从句的关以上是对连接定语从句的关系词作的分析，引导定语从句的系词作的分析，引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语、主语、宾语宾语或或定语定语，作宾语时可省略，作宾语时可省略;关系副词关系副词when , where, why分别在分别在定语从句中充当定语从句中充当时间、地点时间、地点和和原原因状语。因状语。 (1) that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与which互换，但互换，但在下列情况中一般不可以用在下列情况中一般不可以用which

20、。考点一考点一： 1) All _ can be done has been done. 2) I am sure she has something _ you can borrow. 当先行词为当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不等不定代词定代词时时.that(that) 先行词被先行词被all, every, any,no, some, any, little, much修饰时：修饰时： Ive read all the books _ you gave me.先行词是先

21、行词是序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。 This is the first composition _ he has written in English. Its the best movie _ I have ever seen.(that)(that)(that)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时修饰时. That white flower is the only one _ I really like. This is the very book _ I want to find. 先行词是先行词是疑问词疑问词who,

22、 which, what 时，定语时，定语从句用从句用that而不用而不用who (whom)和和which引导。引导。 Who is the person _ is standing at the gate?(that)(that)that先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。 He talked about the teachers and school _ he had visited. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl _she used to be.that 1. She h

23、eard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it BB1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom

24、D. to whom2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting moment

25、 for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. whenBD 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。

26、 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.She has married again, _was expected.She has married again, _was unexpected.He won the match, _ we had expected.The police were looking for him, _ he thought.asasaswhich3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用，反之则用which。 as代表前面主句意思时

27、，有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，从句中的之意，从句中的 动词常是动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。等。 which指代指代前面整个句子前面整个句子, 但但无无“正如正如”之意。之意。e.g. She was elected president again, _ was reported. _ is known to all, Tom has made great progress.asAs4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如被动语态，如be known，be said，

28、be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。 很多由老师和学生表演的节目将出现很多由老师和学生表演的节目将出现 在舞台上在舞台上. 2. 票数有限票数有限, 每张十元每张十元.Many performances which will be presented by the teachers and students will be shown on the stage.The tickets, which cost 10 yuan each, are limited.3. 先到者先得先到者先得(票票)4. 想看

29、表演的人请与班长联系想看表演的人请与班长联系.Those who come first will be given the tickets .Or:Tickets will be given to those who apply first. Those who want to go to watch the performances please contact your monitor. 只能用只能用which不能用不能用that的情况的情况引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或修饰某物或 整个句子时整个句子时。Bruce went toward the fire, _was

30、still smoking.He came late again, _ made the boss angry.whichwhich先行词在从句中先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置作介词的宾语且介词前置。This is the house in _ Chaplin lived.如果介词后置：如果介词后置：This is the house _Chaplin lived in. 或或:This is the house _Chaplin lived.whichinwhich thatwhereThis is the same book _I lent you yesterday.这是我昨天借给

31、你的这是我昨天借给你的那种那种书。书。This is the same book _I lent you yesterday.这是我昨天借给你的那本书。这是我昨天借给你的那本书。 (5) 先行词被先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词修饰时，关系代词可用可用as也可用也可用that，但意义不同，前者是，但意义不同，前者是“同样的同样的”，后者是后者是“同一的同一的”。asthat试比较：试比较： (6) 关系副词关系副词when, where, why其含义相其含义相当于当于on which, in which, for which，所以可所以可以交替使用。以交替使用。 The day on

32、 which I met him first was May 1st. The year in which I came here was 2000. The reason why he was late was that he got up late. when whenfor which_(7)有时可用有时可用that代替关系副词，在口语代替关系副词，在口语 中常可以省略。中常可以省略。 This is the reason (_) he came late. This is the way (_) he did it.why/for whichthat/in which (8)关系代词关

33、系代词as和和which都能引导非限制性定都能引导非限制性定语从句代表整个句子内容，语从句代表整个句子内容，as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句可位于可位于句首句首或或句末句末；which引导的定语从句却引导的定语从句却不能位于句首不能位于句首。 He was late for school, _ often happened. _ we have seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. _ is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. AsAswhich The elephant is like a

34、snake, _anybody can see. He failed in the exam, _is natural. The young man cheated his friend of much money, _ was disgraceful.(不不光彩的光彩的) He was always late for school, _ made his teacher angry.aswhichwhichwhich I have the same book as you (have). He is of the same age as you (are). I have never see

35、n such a lazy man as you. Take as many as you want. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. This is such a book as was given to me.关系代词关系代词as 在定从句中可作主语宾语或状语。在定从句中可作主语宾语或状语。用于用于the sameas, suchas，asas中，中，as引引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。导的定语从句常采用省略形式。对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳： 1.如果定语放主句后，既引用如果定语放主句后，既引用as也可以用也可以用which. He failed to the exam, _is natural. She seems a scientist, _in fact she is. 2.如果从句在主句前，这时要用如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用而不用which引导定语从句。如：引导定语从句。如：_we all know, his brother went to America last year.as (=which)as (=which) As 3、as代表前面主句意思时，有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常没有此