汉译英—词语增减

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上汉译英词汇的增减1. 汉译英需要增补的有下列9种情况。汉语无主语视情况补出主语例：接到你的来信，非常高兴。I was very glad to have received your letter.增补物主代词汉语里物主代词用得少，而且常常不用出现，但英语里凡说到一个人的器官和归他所有的或与他有关的事物时，总要在前面加上物主代词。例：我们响应政府号召。We respond to the call of our government.工人们带午饭到工厂吃。The workers take their lunches to the factory.我用手蒙住脸。I cove

2、r my face with my hands.增补作宾语的代词按习惯，汉语常常可省略宾语，但英语里，凡及物动词都得有宾语。例：请原谅，打断你一下。Excuse me for interrupting you.增补连词汉语有意合特点，即词、词组、分句或句子之间的关系可以通过上下文及语序来表示，较少用连词，但英语注意形合，连词不能少。例：虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.增补介词英语句子十有八九都少不了介词。汉语中不需要介词的地方，所以，汉译英时注意补介词。例：这

3、些书，你们五个人分。Divide these books among the five of you.增补冠词汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一，名词前一般都有冠词，汉译英时要增补冠词。例：我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before we solve it properly.增补暗含的词语由于习惯问题，汉语中有些词不需明言，意思都很清楚，但译成英语时，如果不补则意思不明，甚至会引起误会，这是应视情况补上适当的词。例：要提倡顾全大局。We should advocate the s

4、pirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.增补概括性的词语例：黄金白银，坚甲利兵，并非构成大国的要素。Gold and silver, a strong army and powerful weapons-these are not the elements that constitute a great nation.增补注释性词语汉语中的典故、谚语、政治名词、术语和简化说法，译时往往要适当加注释性词语。例：三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal

5、 Zhuge Liang the mastermind. 汉译英时的省译（1）汉语中重复出现的词语例：我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。We should be loyal to our party, to our people and to our motherland.（2） 省译汉语中表示范畴的词语 汉语中表示“任务”、“工作”、“情况”、“状态”、“问题”、“制度”、“事业”、“局面”等意义的词语常省译。例：我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。Our party has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that

6、 time.(3) 省译同义词他在情况危机时，态度从容，镇定自若。He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. (4)省译没有实际意义的词语我们要大力发扬求真务实，勇于创新的精神。We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.(5)从文化角度省译因为他长伶俐可爱，大人们都爱跟他玩；这个说：“二黑，算一算十岁属什么？”那个说：“二黑，给我补一课。”As he was such a lov

7、ely child, all grown-ups enjoyed joking with him. 练习：1. 她用手蒙住了脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。(增加代词)2.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。（增加连词）3.那我们在山脚见吧。（增加介词）4.我们要对问题做全面的分析，才能解决的妥当。(增加冠词)5.别傻里傻气。（增加动词）6.狠抓管理，安全生产（省译无实践意义的词语）答案：（参考） 1. She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.2. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.3. Lets meet at the foot of the hill.4. We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem befor