中考英语复习专题8：介词和介词短语

1、中考四轮复习第一轮专题8:介词和介词短语一、介词的定义介词是一种虚词，不能独立存在。它必须和随后的不足成分一起构成介词短语，才能用作句子的成分。一、介词(短语)的分类1.表示时间的介词(短语)at用在具体的时间点之前。e.g. at five o clockin用在年，月，季节之前;用在表泛指的上午。下午、晚上之前。the afternoone.g.in July、in用在星期之前，用在具体某天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上之前。e.g. on theonafternoon of July 2 ndafter表7K 在 之后 ，反义词是 before obefore表示“在之前”。除了可以用作介词

2、之外，before还可以做连词和副词。until表7K 直到 ，not until息为 直到 才 。since表示“自从”，后跟表示过去的时间点时，通常和现在完成时连用。during表K 在 期间 。e.g.during the speechfrom和 to 措配，fromto. fev 从 至U。 e.g. from 3:30 to 5:30by表7K 在 之前不迟于 。e.g. by five o clock2.表示方位的介词at用在比较小的地点之前。e.g. arrive at the airportin用在去较大的地点之前。e.g. arrive in Beijing表小 在里面”。e

3、.g. in the boxin front of表小 在,刖卸 。反义词是behindbehind表小 在后面”。under表小 在卜面”。by表小 在为边； 罪近 。e.g. by the windowbeside表小 在旁边”。near表小 在附近”。next to表小 奔世；紧挨”。from和to搭配，from.to.W/K 从至Ue.g. from Beijing to Shanghaion the left of:表小 在的左边”oon the right of表小 在的右边”o【注意】in是常见的介词，还有如下的用法in+颜色/服装此时in表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。in+语言此

4、时in表示“用某种语言”in+时间段用在一般将来时的句中，该句表示在“早某段时间之后”。3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词 (1)表示方式byby+交通工具。on, inon, in+限定词+交通工具。(2)表示手段或工具with和具体的工具搭配。by表示“通过；以的方式或手段” ，其后常跟动名词。in和语言，声音等材料搭配4.其他常考介词的基本用法for表小 为了 。e.g. They fought for the country.of表7K 的,协助构成所有格形式。e.g. a map of China.aboutWtk。 e.g. a book about flowers.with和 在起

5、。e.g. I live with my parents.表K 带有，具有 。e.g. a house with a garden构成固定搭配。e.g. with the help of, agree with , provide sb. with sth.without表/、 无； 没有 。e.g. Fish cannot live without water.三、介词（短语）的基本用法1 .用作表语。e.g. We are in the classroom.2 .用作宾语补足语。e.g. I was surprised to find him on the bus.3 .用作后置定语。e.

6、g. The girl in a white T-shirt is my sister.4 .用作状语。e.g. There are many flowers in the garden.四、常考的易混介词和介词短语between表小 在,-（两者）之间”。among表小 在,一（三者或二者之上）之间”Oin front of“在某范围以外的前面”Oin the front of:表示“在某范围以内的前面”Oon表小 在上面”,强调表向接触。反义词是beneath。over表小 在上方”,强调在垂直的上面。反义词是under。above表小 在下的位置关上方”，可能在垂直的上方，也可能不在垂直

7、的上方，只表示上 系。反义词是 belowacross表7K 从表面穿过，通常和road, street, river等措配。through:表7K 从立体空间穿过，通常和 window , channel, town , city等措配。over:表7K越过局的物体，通常和wall , mountain等措配。for后跟时间段，常用来说明动作延续的时间长度。since后跟时间点，常用来说明动作起始的时间。besides“除之外还有”，表示累计关系。except“除了”,表示排除关系。be made of表示“由制造”，强调可以看出原材料。be made from表示“由制造”，强调看不出原材

8、料。be made by表示“由（某人）制造”，后面跟人。be made in表示“在（某地）制造”，后跟地点。be made into表示“被制成”，后跟成品。五、介词（短语）中考考点考点一动词+介词：at： look at laugh at knock atshout at point atfor：pay for look for ask for leave foron： depend on get on call on pass on go onwith ： agree with argue with begin withabout： think about care about wor

9、ry aboutbe+形容词+介词：of： be proud of be full of be afraid offor：be famous for be ready for be sorry for be late forin： be interested in be strcit in.at： be good at be angry at be surprised atwith ： be satisfied/pleased with be srict with be angry with考点二of sb. 和 for sb.It s +adj.+of sb.+to do sth.该句型多用

10、于表示人物的性格或品德。其中的形容词多是表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good， kind， nice， clever，foolish 等。It s adj. +for sb.+to do sth.该句型多用于表示人物或事物的特征。其中的形容词多是表示客观形势的形容词，如easy， hard， difficult ， interesting考点针对联系1.12013 北京2.12013 大连】3.12013 扬州】4.12013 锦州】5.12013 上海】、单项选择Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 2012.A.on B.toC.atD.ofIn America

11、,people start celebrating the New Year 31 st December.A.inB.atC.onD.for-How long have you lived in the new flat?-2010.A.In B.AfterC.SinceD.BeforeMost of my classmates go to school bike.October!A.at B.byC.onD.inWow!Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays A.inB.onC.atD.to6

12、.【2013 呼和浩特】 her husband,she has now become a famous film star. A.BecauseB.Thanks to C.Thanks forD.With the help of7 .【2013 兰州】-Why do you always go to Lanzhou University on weekends?-Because there re lots of great speakers I can practice English in the English corner there.A.withB.toC.onD.about8 .【

13、2013 烟台】-Why do you always sleep?-Because Im afraid of the dark.A.by yourself B.with the door open C.with the window open D.with the light on9 .【2013 三亚】 On my visit to Australiafeel Australians are similar us in many ways.A.withB.inC.toD.at10.12013 河南】-What did you get your birthday,Jason?-An iPad

14、3,from my aunt. A.toB.atC.withD.for11 .【2013 安徽】 Mrs. King put a coat the sleeping girl to keep her warm.A.overB.withC.behindD.beside12 .【2013 无锡】Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays zero.A.upB.downC.above D,below13 .【2013 温州】Ann ofte helps me math after school.A fo

15、rB.withC.on D.by14 .【2013 黔西南】 All of you went the zoo Wang Hui.She had to look after her grandpa.A.besides B,withC.exceptD.beside15 【2013 德州】 ,the Internet was only used by government.But now it s widely used in every field.A.As usual B.At firstC.After allD.So far16 .【2013 重庆】 You can improve your

16、English practicing more.A.byB.withC.ofD.in17 .【2013 苏州】 Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read the library.A.inB.forC.byD.from18 .【2013 武汉】 Sue has many nice dresses.She wears a different one every day the week.A.ofB.fromC.atD.for19 .【2013 荆州】 The model plane isnt as

17、 nice as my sisters,but it was made by myself.A.at lastB.at leastC.at timesD.at present20 . 2013 丽水】Before the bridge was built the river,the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.A.inB.besideC.acrossD.along21 .【2013 聊城】Dont ask him to study too late in the night.,he is only a small child.A

18、.As a result B.After allC.Best of allD.For example22 .【2013 荷泽】 Most of kids in our school enjoy pop songs,some hit songs on the Internet like The Coolest Ethnic Trend （最炫民族风）.A.besidesB.includingC.exceptD.without23 .【2013 襄阳】-What do you often do classes to relax yourselves.-We often do eye exercis

19、es,listen to music or do some running around the school.A.inB.amongC.between D.through24.12013 孝感】Students shouldn;t go to school breakfast.Its bad for their health.A.withB.withoutC.forD.by25.12013 广州】I couldnt do it your great help.Thanks a lot!A.withB.withoutC.forD.to二、介词填空1.Could you tell me some

20、thing UFOs? I am really interested in it.2.I go to school eight o clock.3.Gina s father is forty years old.1.1 can help you math.5 .The picture is the wall.6 .The windows are the wall.7 .Many students do homework pens8 .My birthday is February, 15th.9 .Children s Day is June.10 .What s this Japanese

21、?11 .Please come and see at our store yourself.12 .Many books arethe bookcase.13 .A set of keys is the drawer.14 .My mirror（ 镜子 ） is the dresser.15 .My shoes are the bed.16 .Tom usually plays ping-pong two hours17 .B is A C.18 .I go to schoola backpack.19 .Please bring some books school.20 .We sell

22、these bags sports $5.1.1 I buy two pairs of shoes$5022 .He often plays computer games the evening.23 .They usually play basketball Saturday morning.24 .This boy is the tree. It s verydOngerous.（25 .There are many pears the tree.26 .Here is a photo my family.27 .This is the map China.28 .The bank doe

23、sn t open Sunday.29 .My parents usually go to the park supper.30 .We have socks all colors.31 .Thanks your letter.32 .My father is strict me my study.1.1 I eat an egg breakfast,34 .He often does his homework home.35 .The bank of China is front of the post office.36 .He usually watches football game

24、TV.37.I really want go to the USA.38.I like coffee milk.39.It s not polite to talk girl s age.40.It is very far（远）China America.三、阅读练习完形填空（共1 5小题，每小题l分;满分15分）阅读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Do you know that humans have been cleaning their teeth for over 7,000 years? According to the BBC, t

25、he Ancient Egyptians used a type of toothpaste （牙膏）.21it is believed that the Egyptians used a finger22 atoothbrush to clean their teeth .Chinese people may have _23一 the first toothbrush around 1,600 BC.Your toothbrush, however, may have also become 24 .Because it is now possible to clean our teeth

26、 25 using our hands!Two Canadians, Adel Elseri and Said Fayad, have invented 26 called T2T or tongue-to-teeth Elseri says hecame up with the idea 27 he was driving home after a long day at work His 28 is a toothbrush that goes ontoyour tongue（舌）T2T has special edges （边缘）and toothpaste .So just 29 yo

27、ur tongue over your teeth and it cleans your teeth just like a toothbrush 30 ! It will make your breath fresh tooElseri and Fayad made this hand-free toothbrush because they believed it was a 31一 way for someone to brush their teeth. But people can only use the T2T32.Would you use the tongue-to-teet

28、h? The Huffington Post in the US 33 readers what they thought. Sixty-onepercent said that they would use it while only thirty-nine percent said they 34. Personally I think Im going to stickto（坚持用）the 35.21. A. SoB. ThenC. ButD. Or22. A. instead ofB .because ofC .more thanD .less than23 A .discovered

29、B. developC .builtD. developed24 A. scienceB. historyC. problemD secret25. A byB. fromC. withoutD for26. A .nothingB. everythingC. anythingD .something27. A. untilB. whenC. sinceD .though28. A .ideaB. storyC. wordD plan29 A. holdB. pullC. moveD. check30 A isB. doesC. wasD. did31 A healthierB. easier

30、C. harderD. longer32 A. againB.soonC onceD already33. A. toldB. askedC. warnedD. advised34. A. shouldntB .shouldC. wouldntD. would35. A fingerB toothbrushC. mouthD tongueBritish tennis player Andy Murray waited seven years before he could realize his Grand Slam （ 大满贯）dream.On September11, 2012, Murr

31、ay beat defending champion（卫冕冠军）Novak Djokovic in the US Open final. The 25-year-old finally won his first ever Grand Slam trophy （ 奖杯）since he turned professional （职业的）in 2005.It was a close match that lasted four hours and 54 minutes. The two are good friends and Djokovic is only seven days younge

32、r. Djokovic has won five titles （ 冠军）while Murray was the runner-up in his last four Grand Slam finals. Would he be able to win a grand slam the fifth time of asking? Even Murray himself was not sure.I was still doubting （ 怀疑）myself right up to a few minutes before going on to play the match . I hav

33、e been in this position many times and not tried hard to get through, he told the Daily Mail after his victory.But he did not think about his past disappointment （ 失望）too much. Instead, he fought through. 1 think just proving myself is probably the most pleasing part about this match, he said.The victory comes four weeks after Murray won a gold at the London