种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探ThePrimarily

1、种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探The Primarily Analysis on the Establishment of Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resource贵州大学法学院 李一丁Li YidingSchool of law, Guizou University自定义页（可选）（设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）二、报告框架 Outline 1、新种子法提出国家惠益分享法律机制的意义 Some implications of the legal system of t

2、he national access and benefit-sharing to germplasm resource in the newly Law on Seed. 2、国家惠益分享法律机制的国际法律基础 The international law foundation of the legal system 3、应然层面国家惠益分享法律机制的构建 The establishment of the legal system? 4、初步结论 Some preliminary conclusion过渡页（设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦） 种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探一、新种子法

3、提出国家惠益分享法律机制的意义Some implications of the Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resource in the newly Law on Seed.（一）生物遗传资源国家主权原则成功国内法律适用The successful implementation of sovereignty to biological genetic source from Convention on Biodiversity, 1992 in China again.（二）种子主权

4、原则有望制度化实施The sovereignty to seed from Article 11, the Law on Seed should be take in practice.（三）我国生物遗传资源获取和惠益分享法律机制逐步完善又一表现The newly manifestation of completion of legal regime of access and benefit-sharing in China.内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探二、国家惠益分享法律机制的国际法律基础The international law fo

5、undation of the Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resource（一）生物多样性公约、名古屋议定书规定生物多样性公约第十五条、第十九条；名古屋议定书第五条、第六条和第七条。Article 15, 19; Convention on BiodiversityArticle 5, 6,7; Nagoya Protocol（二）粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际公约规定粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际公约第九条-第十三条Article 9-13; ITPGRFA内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个

6、文本框哦）（三）生物多样性公约、名古屋议定书与粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际公约关系分析 The relationship between CBD、NP、ITPGRFA1特别法与一般法？ Special law v.s General law2两公约适用存在法律冲突，如何调适？How to make a adjustment of the implementation of collision between these treaties? 2.1 适用对象：生物遗传资源（含动物、植物与微生物）与粮农公约附件一确定的60余种植物遗传资源（该名单是否恒定？中国如何应对？）Biological Gen

7、etic Resource v.s Addendix 1 from the ITPGRFA2.2 实施机制：获取和惠益分享机制（全球多边惠益共享）、多边惠益分享机制； Access and Benefit-sharing between two sides; Global access and benefit-sharing between multiply sides.2.3 具体制度设计：事先知情同意、共同商定条件和来源披露制度、标准材料转让协议（WHA大流行性流感框架业已出具标准材料转让协议范本）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探二、国家惠益分享法律机制的国际法律基础内容页 （设计

8、好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探三、应然层面国家惠益分享法律机制的构建（一）适用对象如何确定？1所有种质资源？（国家惠益分享机制与一般获取和惠益分享机制区别何在？）How to distinguish the legal system of the national access and benefit-sharing on germplasm resource and the legal system of the access and benefit-sharing to biological genetic resource ?Because Chin

9、a has been stipulated the Regulation on Access and Benefit-sharing to Biological Genetic Resource (draft) since 2010.2粮农公约附件一确定的六十余种植物遗传资源？（中国能接受多少？不能接受多少？是否允许做法律保留？）What is the viewpoint about the appendix 1 from ITPGRFA from China ?Can China should accept all the category in the appendix 1 from IT

10、PGRFA? 内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探三、应然层面国家惠益分享法律机制的构建（二）实施机制如何创设？1获取和惠益分享机制：接受者（user）和提供者（provider）签署双边协议，该协议中含（事先知情同意与共同商定条件条款），加国家主管部门（focal-point）适当介入Agreement between the user and provider, the focal-point of country should get involved in suitable time. 2多边惠益分享机制：接受者（user）和提供者（pro

11、vider，特定）签署标准材料转让协议（格式合同，不可商量），惠益按比例返还至提供者维护的common-pool内Material Standard Agreement between user and provider, the percentage of royalty should be put in common-pool establishment by ITPGRFA then.内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探 2.1 多边惠益分享机制适用于谁？ 我国农业法、种子法是否需要确认农民权（farmers right）？ Should t

12、he Law on seed, Law on Agriculture in China confirm the farmers right? 谁享有农民权？（国家惠益分享法律机制仅由国家分享惠益？） Who owns the Farmers right? 植物新品种权与农民权如何协调？ How to keep balance between the Farmers right and the Plant Breeders right?内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探三、应然层面国家惠益分享法律机制的构建 （三）具体制度如何设计？ 标准材料转让协

13、议免去事先知情同意和共同商定条件，直接签署合同即生效 When signature is done, Material Transfer Agreement from the ITPGR go into effect directly. 内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法律机制构建问题初探三、应然层面国家惠益分享法律机制的构建（四）法律体系构成The Umbellate Form of legal system relates to Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germpla

14、sm Resource1种子法第十一条Article 11, the Seed on Law 2创设种质资源国家惠益共享机制相关法规、规章To establishment some regulation, department rules relates to the this field.3清理或废止种质资源相关规章进出口农作物种子（苗）管理暂行办法（1997年通过）、农作物种质资源管理办法（2003）To make clean or abolish some old regulation, department rules. 内容页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦）种质资源国家惠益分享法

15、律机制构建问题初探四、初步结论 Some preliminary conclusion（一）加入名古屋议定书后仅意味着我国有望初步构建生物遗传资源获取和惠益分享法律机制To ratified the Nagoya Protocol only means China just stipulated the legal regime of access and benefit-sharing to biological genetic resource primarily.（二）粮食和农业遗传资源国际公约的研究和成果非常薄弱中国种子获取、开发和利用国际国内情势敦促中国尽快加入该公约。The research on ITPGRFA in China is very short and weakness.（三）农业部应尽快启动国家惠益分享法律机制配套法规及规章创设避免该机制类似畜禽遗传资源获取和惠益分享法律机制束之高阁。Ministry of Agriculture in China should do some work of research and legislation on the Legal System of the National Access and Benefit-sharing to Germplasm Resou