关键信息识别与浓缩

1、关键信息识别:语句根据其信息分布情况分为信息单位,小句(clause)常被看作一个信息单位:每一个信息单位中必然有一个负载最重要信息的成分,即 “信息焦点”.它是说话人想要重点强调的信息,主要是新信息.v英语单句的焦点常在句子的尾部,即v除焦点信息外,还有比较新的信息,称为重要信息包括焦点信息和重要信息,主要指焦点信息关键信息识别vE.g.vA. That he has kept talking about the heavy traffic to explain why he was late again is obvious.vB. It is obvious that he has ke

2、pt talking about the heavy traffic to explain why he was late again. (信息焦点)vA句比较累赘,听话人很难准确及时理解信息,而B句遵循了次重要信息(obvious)到重要信息(he was kept talking about the heavy traffic),再到最重要信息(to explain why he was late again)的逐渐深入的原则,相对容易理解.听话人在一定的旧信息基础上理解(半)新信息,最后理解焦点信息,符合人们的认知规律.关键信息识别v一般情况下,除强调句和倒装句外,是:从一般到特定、从泛

3、指到特指、从已知到未知、从次重要到重要、从旧信息到（半）新信息，再到信息焦点。关键信息识别vE.g.vGreat efforts have beenvGreat efforts have been made by Chinese central governmentvGreat efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make surevGreat efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure that Chinese people ca

4、nvGreat efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure that Chinese people can have universal access tovGreat efforts have been made by Chinese central government to make sure that Chinese people can have universal access to the medical services.v信息逐渐释放，但是直到最后才出现信息焦点： the medical

5、services 关键信息识别情况：v（1）。v e.g China is not only an engine for Asian economy but also an engine for global economyv（2）。v e.g. He is young, but he has made so many achievements.v she succeeded in the entrance examination though she did not work hard though.v vs. Though she did not work hard enough, she

6、 succeeded in the entrance examination. 关键信息识别v（3）。 e.g. He resigned as his health was decaying. vs. As his health was decaying, he resigned. You should have avoided the mistake if you had taken your parents advice. vs. If you had taken your parents advice, you should have avoided the mistake. The p

7、resident will remain calm and persevered no matter what difficulties he may encounter. vs. No matter what difficulties he may encounter, the president will remain calm and persevered. The European society is becoming a bit more chaotic as more and more immigrants are flocking in. vs. As more and mor

8、e immigrants are flocking in, the European society is becoming a bit more chaotic.关键信息识别v大多数情况下，是：从结论到分析，从结果到原因，从假设到前提，即重心前置。英语复句信息焦点分布没有单句那么有规律性，但只要牢记信息焦点在主句，并进行大量相关听辩实践，就很容易获取关键信息。句子信息分布与句子成分v英语单句中，英语单句中，主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语和状语都承载着不同的信息，其中前四种承载着大部分重要信息。v 主语：要么引出主题，要么引出上文并未出现的新主题即新信息，要么重复上文提出过的新信息（此处为半新信

9、息）；v 宾语或补语对主语处的新信息或半新信息进行进一步说明、阐释、强调、归纳、分析等，从而产生本句内部真正的新信息；v 谓语则连接主语和宾语，其信息含量相对较少，且可以通过主语、宾语推理出来v因此：四大成分所承载的信息重要程度依次是：v一般来说（除主谓句外），句子信息分为：）vE.g句子信息分布与句子成分vPast experience demonstrates that a partnership between China and the United States is beneficial to both nations.vThe rapid growth of Chinas eco

10、nomy has brought opportunities and benefits to many countries, in particular the United States.vStatistics show that among Chinas large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, large enterprises account for nearly 40 percent of the annual revenue.vChina aims to maintain average annual economic growt

11、h rate of 7.5% from 2006 to 2010.句子信息分布与句子成分 To continue efforts to cool investment growth in some overheated sectors, the government has made macro-economic control a top priority.vGovernor Huang said Guangdong has one of the most dynamic marketplaces in China plus well-developed foreign trade, and

12、 is overall an attractive place to invest in.vHong Kong has a sound legal and regulatory system, which undoubtedly attracts a huge volume of investment from the mainland and overseas.英语话语信息呈现规则v英语句子一般遵循末尾焦点原则，而本句的焦点信息即新信息到下文或许就成了半新信息或者重要信息而不再是焦点信息，从而引出更新信息，并以此类推。所以： 依此类推 句1 句2 信息转移关键信息浓缩与信息储存是口译记忆非常

13、重要的一个操作,可以极大减轻译员储存负担从而提高口译效率v简化关键信息又成为,可以通过不同方式来完成.v (1)可以用简化了的语言符号、数学符号、标点符号和特殊来完成，这些符号可以是大脑中的，也可以是书面的。vE.g. Chinas progress has aroused some fear in the world community. Some countries led by the United States are concerned about how China will use its ever-increasing strength.v关键信息可以浓缩为：中或C 美或US担

14、或worry关键信息浓缩与信息储存（2）可以借助大脑中的进行记忆。vE.g The 15-year period following the Cold War has demonstrated that if China and the United States co-operate with each other, they not only find significant common interests on the strategic level but also realize conditions of mutual benefit in respective economic

15、 development.v本例可以通过形象化来记忆关键信息，即中美合作的情景以及给双方带来的经济战略利益的相关图画；也可以选择符号记忆或记录，如 中美合 经战略关键信息浓缩与信息储存v经过符号或意象浓缩过的信息，在大脑或记录纸上起到的是（）的作用，即可以激起或释放整个意群的信息。v选择什么形式的trigger会因人而异，只要可以起到激起整个意群的作用，无论是什么符号或者什么意象都是可以的。练 习vartifact 手工制品 partisan 党派的vFossil fuels 化石燃料 rectify 矫正，调整vEco-friendly vehicles 环保汽车va 26 0C energy-saving campaign 一场倡导26度空调温度的节能运动vMaglev line 磁悬浮线路vResumption of uranium enrichment 浓缩铀活动重启练 习vPandemic （大范围）传染病的；大流行病的vIPR abbr. (Intellectual Property Right)知识产权vR&D (Research and Development)研究与开发vInfringement 违反，侵害 whitewash 粉饰，掩饰vSpectrum 范围，领域，系列练 习vEmblem n. 象征,符号 inaugura