高一英语重点语法讲解外研社版

1、高一英语重点语法知识预习（外研社版 必修1-4）【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 重点语法知识预习学习过程一、一般现在时1. 表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。 例句 He often does his homework in his study. 2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。 例句 The dictionary belongs to me. 3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。 例句

2、The moon goes around the sun. 4. 在有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表将来。 例句 If you work hard, you wont fail in the exam.二、一般过去时1. 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 例句 She went to the zoo yesterday.2. 在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 例句 He said when she came he would tell her.三、现在进

3、行时1. 表示现在 （说话瞬间） 正在进行或发生的动作。 例句 He is reading a newspaper now.2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 （说话时动作不一定正在进行）。 例句 What are you doing these days?3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等, 常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用。 例句 He is always thinking of others.4. 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移动”、

4、“方向”的词。 例句 He is coming to see me next week.四、过去进行时1. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作。 例句 He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.2. 动词go, come, leave, arrive, start等的过去进行时常表过去将来时。 例句 She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.五、一般将来时1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 例句 I dont know what will happen i

5、n the future.2. 常用来表示将来时的结构包括： （1） shall / will + 动词原形：（单纯） 表将来, 一般不用于条件句。 （2） be going to + 动词原形：（计划）打算做。 （3） be about to + 动词原形：即将或正要去做某事,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。 （4） be to + 动词原形：预定要做。 （5） be doing 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常与go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的动词连用。六、现在完成时 1

6、. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句 Have you had your supper yet? Yes, I have just had it. 2. 常与介词for, during, in, within, over等引导的时间状语连用, 表示过去的某一行为一直延续到现在。 例句 I havent seen my English teacher for a long time. 3. 表示反复或习惯性的动作, 常与several times, once, twice, frequently等频度副词连用。 例句 I have been to the USA s

7、everal times. 4. 表示从过去到现在没有发生过的动作。 例句 I havent swept the floor for a week. 5. 用在时间、条件状语从句中, 表示从句动作先于主句动作完成。 例句 Ill tell him after you have left. 6. 在“最高级+ 名词”或在“这是第几次”之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。 例句 This is the third time I have been there. This is the best tea I have ever drunk. 七、过去完成时 1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延

8、续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。例句 By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words. 2. 有些动词 （如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等） 的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。 例句 I had hoped to see more of Beijing.动词时态应注意的几点1. 瞬间性动词的一般现在时和现在进行时常用来表示将来的动作。例句：The film begins in a minute. My uncle is lea

9、ving tomorrow morning.2. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句：Every time I listen to that song, Ill think of my old friend. If you do that, I shall be very pleased. Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.3. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去所发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般

10、过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系,因而它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：Have you finished your work? Yes, I have. When did you finish it? I finished it last summer.直接引语与间接引语转换时应注意的几个问题：1. 人称的变化2. 时态的变化3. 时间状语的变化4. 地点状语的变化例句：Xiao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”Xiao Yi said （that） he wanted to go to the park th

11、at afternoon.Bob said, “Well have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”Bob said （that） they would have a meeting there the next morning.定语从句中关系代词只能用that和不能用that的几种情况：只能用that的情况 1. 先行词是不定代词。例句：Please tell me everything that happened to you.2. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或only, last, same, very等修饰。例句： This is the most

12、interesting movie that I have ever seen.This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.3. 先行词既包括人又包括物。例句：She talked about the writer and his works that interested her. 不能用that的情况 1. 非限制性定语从句中。例句：He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.2. 先行词本身是that。例句：I have th

13、at which you gave me.3. “介词+ 关系代词”结构。例句：The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.现在完成进行时与现在完成时进行的比较：1. 强调动作还未结束时, 多用现在完成进行时；强调动作的结果时, 多用现在完成时。例句：I have been painting the paining. （强调“一直在画”这个动作）I have painted the painting. （强调“画完了”这个结果）2. 有些动词不能用在现在完成进行时中，但可用在现在完成时中。如：have, love, see等。例句：She has h

14、ad a cold for a week.They have loved each other for three years.I have seen this movie.-ing形式：1. having done having done是非谓语动词中-ing形式的完成式,而doing则是其一般式,它们都与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,只是doing与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生；having done则表示动作或状态发生在句中谓语动词之前。 例句 Hearing the news, they got excited. （hear 和get excited这两个动作几乎同时发生） H

15、aving arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. （arrive 发生在take a rest之前）2. 动词后接动词的-ing形式和不定式有些动词后既可接动词的-ing形式也可接to do形式作宾语，但意义有所不同。 例如 forget / remember / regret doing sth. 表示动作已经发生；forget / remember / regret to do sth. 则表示该动作未发生。 mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”；mean doing sth. 表示“意味着做某事”。 try to

16、 do sth. 表示“设法尽力做某事”；try doing sth. 表示“试着做某事”。 stop to do sth. 表示“停下来接着做另一件事”；stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。 go on to do sth. 表示“（做完某事）接着做另一件事”；go on doing sth. 表示“继续做同一件事”（= go on with sth.）。 cant help to do sth. 表示“不能帮助做某事”；cant help doing sth. 表示“情不自禁地做某事”。3. have/has been doinghave / has been doing是

17、现在完成进行时的构成，强调动作的延续过程，动作可能还在进行。而have / has done是现在完成时的构成，强调动作的结果，该动作通常已经结束。 例句 I have written a book. （动作结束） I have been writing a book. （可能未写完，侧重最近一直忙于写书）【模拟试题】一、单项填空 1. The headmaster called Tom to his office because he had been in the exam .A. caught cheating B. caught to cheat C. catching cheatin

18、g D. catching to cheat 2. The time he for the trip is not suitable any of us .A. made ; to B. fixed ; for C. gave ; with D. fixed ; to 3. What do you think of what he did in class ? Why he did it was my imagination .A. beyond B. through C. above D. over 4. My watch is nowhere to be found . I it when

19、 I was on the bus .A. must drop B. cant have dropped C. have dropped D. must have dropped 5. May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight? Im sorry . Mr. Williams to a party long before then .A. will have gone B. had gone C. should have gone D. has gone 26. Forty percent of the po

20、pulation of the U.S black.A. is B. are C. am D. have 7. the party , we would never have todays happiness .A. But for B. Only if C. If only D. If 8. Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 9. He accidentally he had quarreled with h

21、is wife and that he hadnt been home for a couple of weeks .A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out 10. Go for a picnic this weekend , OK ? , I love getting close to nature .A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so 11. On news today , there were reports of

22、 heavy snow in that area .A. the ; the B. the；不填C. 不填；不填D. 不填；the 12. It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished .A. for B. with C. from D. of 13. The final examination is coming up soon . Its time for us to our studies .A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over 14. Ha

23、ving been attacked by terrorists , .A. doctors came to their rescuer B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measures was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 15. The flowers sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. smell 二、完型填空N

24、o man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be . This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting.For many centuries and in all count

25、ries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting.Sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. This is a 6 of much water vapor in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come.Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their 8

26、 the coming of wet weather. Their joints (骨头节) ache . Some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the ground if 10 or stormy weather is 11 the way. It is probably because of the insects which they are hunting 12 they fly 12 .If you see a rainbow during rainy weather , this is a sign

27、 that the weather will become clear and fine . Such 14 always come in the evening . If the stars 15 clearly at night , then fair weather will 16 . If a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise , then the day will be warm . Instead , if a fog appears in the evening the next day will bring wet 17

28、 .If the sunset is mostly red in 18 then the following day will be fine . If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come .Most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 , and brains to make weather forecasting .1. A. see B. look C. read D. take 2. A. te

29、llB. speakC. talk D. point 3. A. studied B. learned C. searched D. researched 4. A. do B. make C. carry D. send 5. A. small B. away C. near D. distant 6. A. sight B. sign C. mark D. shape 7. A. air B. sky C. heaven D. earth 8. A. legs B. armsC. skins D. bones 9. A. high B. low C. near D. far 10. A.

30、wet B. dry C. rainy D. sunny 11. A. by B. in C. for D. on 12. A. that B. which C. where D. when13. A. high B. low C. fast D. slow 14. A. as B. rainbows C. weather D. day 15. A. twinkle B. appear C. bright D. seem 16. A. beginB. stop C. continue D. be 17. A. day B. weather C. hour D. time 18. A. edge

31、 B. surface C. center D. color 19. A. above B. below C. important D. interesting 20. A. bodies B. hands C. eyes D. legs 三、阅读理解（A）There are three branches of medicine . One is called “doctor medicine” , or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sicknesses , look for logical patterns

32、 , and then find out how the human body works . From there they figure out what treatments may work . This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful , in the ancient world this approach probably did not cure many patients .A second kind of medic

33、ine is called “natural cures,” of “folk medicine ,” in which less educated people try to cure sicknesses with various herbs . These folk healers also use observation and logic , but they are not so aware of it . They try things until they find something that seems to work , and then they keeping doi

34、ng that . Folk medicine flourished long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine .The third kind is called “health saps,” or “faith healing.” Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed . Oth

35、er times , a magician may make you a magic charm , or say a spell , to cure you . Some religious groups organize special healing shrines for the sick . In these places people rest , get plenty of sleep , eat healthy food , drink water instead of wine , and exercise in various ways . They also talk t

36、o the priests and pray to the gods . If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard , going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better .1. The authors primary purpose in this text is to_. A. compare the educational background of three different types of patie

37、nts B. argue for the importance of medicine in health care C. describe different types of medicine D. show the crucial role religion plays in medical treatment 2. According to the text , which of the following statements is true ?A. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient tim

38、es .B. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs .C. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis .D. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine .3. Doctor medicine .A. has been practiced for around 1,600 year

39、s B. has a longer history than folk medicine C. was very successful in curing sickness in ancient times D. bases its treatments on observation and logic 4. According to the text , which of the following is not used in health saps ?A. Magic power .B. Various herbs . C. A healthy life style .D. Religi

40、ous faith .（B）Net library is a library that lends out digital books. It treats a digital book like a paperback copy. It charges libraries per book per copy and gives publishers a cut of the total income.From the consumers point of view, this means that if more than five people want the latest Daniel

41、les Steel romance novel, other people who request that book will get a message saying the title is unavailable. Its a model many publishers seem to have embraced. More than 350 gave the company rights to hand out their digital works, and McGraw Hill Corporation and Houghton Mifflin Corporation have

42、out money in the company. The California public libraries and about 1,800 others across the US are trying out the Net Library services.Some librarians criticize the New Library model. Stanford University librarian Michael Keller argues that the company is creating an unnatural fear of digital works, which is contrary to the ideas of the Internet.Keller and some other librarians argue for the e-book vision set forth by Ebrary. Ebrary is starting a service that lets us users read books for free.But it will charge about 25 cents a page