高三英语语法之倒装句

1、语法复习（7）倒装句&强调句I. 倒装句英语句子的自然语序是“主语 + 谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。 倒装句是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。从结构上主要分为部分倒装和完全倒装。还有一种形式上的倒装。考情通报：1、 让步状语从句、虚拟语气、强调句型、交际用语等特定语境中倒装的考查。2、 倒装句中的主谓一致。一、部分倒装：即只把谓语的一部分，如：助动词、情态动词、系动词等放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。Eg. Little do I know that what I said hurt her deeply. Not

2、until yesterday did Little John change his mind.1、 用于no soonerthan, hardlywhen和not until句型。 其中no sooner, hardly 引导的主句用过去完成时。Not until quite recently did he finish his work.Hardly had he finished saying his words when someone rose to refuse his points.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.2

3、、 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如：hardly, little, never, not until, rarely, seldom; in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means, under no circumstances等放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。Not until it is dark will we come home.Hardly did he realise that he had made a big mistake.注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装1) Hardly anyone believe that today.2)

4、 Not only you but also she has been to Beijing.3) Neither the girls nor John is to blame.4) Not a single mistake did he make.2： 如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：I have never seen such a performance.3、 Only + 状语，放在句首，句子要部分倒装，状语可以是单个的副词、介词短语或状语从句。Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when he returned could we

5、 find out the truth.Only after the war did he learn the sad news.Note: Only he can answer the question.4、 So/ neither/ nor + 助动词/ 即动词/ 情态动词 + 主语， 表示上句的肯定或否定情况适用于下句。They can buy the car, so can we. Lily cant ride; neither/nor can Lucy.Note: 当上句的情况既有肯定也有否定，或既有助动词，又有系动词或情态动词时，此句型为：Its the same with 或 S

6、o it is with注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认, 主谓不倒装Eg. 1) -Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) -“It's raining hard.”-“So it is.”5、 当if 引导的虚拟条件句中含有had, were, should时，可将if 省略，而把had, were, should 移到主语前，即句首，从句用部分倒装结构。Had I known it earlier(=If I had known it earlier), I wouldnt have lent him m

7、oney.Were I you(=If I were you), I shouldnt give away the chance.Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.6、 as 引导让步状语从句时，用部分倒装结构，即把表语(名词/形容词)、副词、动词原形提到句首。Try as he might, he couldnt open the door.Young as he is / Child as he is, he knows a lot. Much as I travelled, I havent seen a pe

8、rson as capable as John.Note: though 引导让步状语从句也可以倒装，但alhough不可以倒装。7、 “so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时, 句子用部分倒装。So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.Such a lovely child is he that al

9、l of us love him.8、 并列连词not onlybut also, neithernor连接的句子，如果not only, neither放在句首，也要部分倒装。 1). Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.2). Neither did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.3). Not only did he teach at school, but he wrote novels.Note: 若位于句首的not onlybut also, ne

10、ithernor连接并列主语的时候，句子用正常语序，但谓语动词要注意就近一致原则。Eg. Neither my sister nor I have travelled by air.二、完全倒装：即把整个的谓语动词放到主语之前，谓语动词不变。1、there be句型, 其中be动词有时可exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等词代替(全部倒装）。1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. 2) There lay

11、a winding brook in front of an old house. 2、 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall 等，以及now, then放在句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主语是名词。In came the teacher.Out rushed the children.Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Note

12、: 主语是人称代词时，不倒装。 Eg. In he came. (= He came in.)Away they went. (=They went away.)3、such 位于句首时。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. Such are the facts; no one can deny them.4、为了强调句子的状语和表语，或为了保持句子的平衡或使上下文紧密衔接，可将状语或表语置于句首。 Under the tree sits a beautiful gir

13、l, who is dressed in white. Lucky is she who has been enrolled into a famous university.三、形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。其特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不 倒装。1、 感叹句：What an interesting talk they have!How interesting their talk was!2、 the more, the more.句型The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.注意：1）more代表形容词、

14、副词的比较级，要灵活使用。 2）第一个the more 引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句，第二个the more 引导的部分相当于一个主句。Eg. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.= If you work harder, you will make greater progress.3、 Whatever / However + adj./adv. 引导让步状语从句。Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.However diffi

15、cult (No matter how) the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.注意：however 可以改写成no matter how.备注：倒装结构用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。 （部分倒装或全部倒装） 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!II. 强调句句型一、基本结构 1. 陈述句的强调句型： It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且 主语指人时用who

16、）+ 其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型： 同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型： 被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4. 强调句例句：“针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterd

17、ay.句子进行强调。” 强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词

18、义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who， 即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略； 强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过 去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。二、 notuntil 句型的强调句 1. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back

19、that he went to bed. 2. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用； 因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定 句，切勿再用否定句了。 三、谓语动词的强调 1. It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does 或did。 e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street.

20、过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2. 注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓 语动词用原形。 在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点： 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 eg. When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ 2. 强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since、 as或why引导。 eg. It was because he was ill that he didn't come to schoo

21、l yesterday.  3. 在强调not until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 eg. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.  4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别  强调句中的 It is/ was that/ who 去掉后，将语序进行适当调整，可以得到一个 结构和意义都完整的句子，而定语从句去掉 It is/ wa

22、s that/ who 后句子就无法 成立。 强调句型中的 that/ who 只是句型的一个标志，而引导定语从句的 that/ who 在 从句中作主语或宾语。试比较： a. It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。 (本句是对What is that?问句的回答，that所引导的是定语从句，that可被省略) It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天

23、我所卖的就是这本书。 (本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调) b. It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。 (where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句) It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。 (in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型) c. It is a day when the people ce

24、lebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日 子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句) It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人们庆祝了他 们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)四、强化训练：1. (2008江苏，32)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C.

25、Unless; will you D. Unless; you will2. (2008辽宁，35)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 3. (2008上海，39) So much of interest _ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. A. offers Beijing B.

26、 Beijing offers C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer4. (2008重庆，26) Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them. A. I realized B. realized I C. had I realized D. did I realize5. (08陕西)Not until the motorbike looked almost new _ repairing and cleaning it. A. he stopped B. did

27、he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop 6. (2007辽宁，23) I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt7. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. di

28、d I find C. I have found D. have I found8. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try9. _ rapid progress has he made that we all admire him. A. Very B. So C. Such D. Too10. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has wo

29、n an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting11. _ difficulties we come across, well help one another to overcome them. A. Whenever B. However C. No matter what D. No matter how much12. _ the naughty boys realized it was too late to take a bus to go

30、home. A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grew dark that C. Scarcely had it grown dark than D. It was not until dark that13. Nowhere else in the world _ more attractive country scenery than in Wales. A. you enjoy B. can you enjoy C. you can enjoy D. enjoy you14. Not only _ give people re

31、laxation and pleasure, but _ increase their knowledge of any kind. A. can travel; it can B. travel can; can it C. can travel; can it D. travel can; it can15. How different my hometown is _what it was ten years age! A. from B. at C. with D. by16. _where we can stay for a week. A. Next is another hote

32、l to it B. Next to it another hotel is C. Next to it is another hotel D. It is next to another hotel is 17. Autumn coming, down _. A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves will fall C. fall the leaves D. the leaves have fallen18. Outside the school _ crowds of students, _ to know the results of the exam.

33、 A. stand; too anxious B. stand; too exciting C. stands; very worried D. stands; eager enough19. _, they had no chance of winning the war. A. They fought as bravely B. As bravely they fought C. Bravely as they fought D. As they fought bravely20. _ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who

34、do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should21. It was not until we came back from outside _ out of his bed. A. did he get B. when he got C. that he got D. then he got 22. Only _the problem. A. can he solve B. can solve he C. he can solve D. does he solve 23.

35、 Early in the morning _ the news _ the Chinese Team defeated the Japanese Team. A. comes; what B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what24. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the const

36、ruction robots are C. Such clever the construction robots are D. So clever are the construction robots 25. _ for your help, we would be in trouble. A. If it didnt B. Was it not C. Were it not D. Were not it26. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies. A.

37、I realised B. I had realised C. had I realised D. did I realise27. Hardly _ into the country _ it began to rain. A. we had got; when B. we got; than C. had we get; when D. did we get; than 28. “ In no condition _ you are a Chinese,” Dad told me before I went abroad. A. you should forget B. forget yo

38、u C. shouldnt you forget D. should you forget29. (09山东)So sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 30. (09福建)For a moment nothing happened. Then _ all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would co

39、me D. did voices come31. (09辽宁)_ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. A. Such B. This C. That D. So 32. (09江苏)Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.A. Attend B. To a

40、ttend C. Attending D. Having attended33. (09上海)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _. A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief34. (09重庆)Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. A. though he was B. though was

41、he C. he was though D. was he though35. (09四川)Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went36. (09陕西)Little _ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care37. (08江西)

42、It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted38. (05浙江7)The old tower must be saved，the cost. A. however B. whateve

43、rC. whicheverD. wherever39. Was it near the building, if I may ask, _Martin Luther King gave the speech I have a dream? A. where B. which C. that D. when40. (07全国)If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will41. (07江苏)-My room gets ve

44、ry cold at night. -_. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does 42. (06重庆)Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied43. (06江西)

45、-I reminded you not to forget the appointment. -_. A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do it44. (05全国)Mary never does any reading in the evening, _. A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John45. (05重庆)_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A.

46、 A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be s student 46. _ learning English, listening, speaking, reading and writing _four basic skills. A. In; are B. On; is C. For; is D. To; are47. By no means _ to her parents. A. this is the

47、first time has she lied B. this is the first time does she tell a lie C. is this the first time she has lied D. is this the first time she was lying 48. Ive read another book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. this B. that C. there D. it49. It was _ h

48、e came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when50. It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. much C. that D. where51. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when52. It was not until midnigh