高中英语必修四BOOKUnitTheme parks 构词法讲解及练习题含答案

1、BOOK 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法讲解及练习题语言点讲解1. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 复合名词 class + room = classroom (名词+名词) black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词) 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的 world +wide= worldwide 世界性的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词 over + come = overco

2、me克服 (副词+动词) 复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four 复合代词 everyone ,somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词) 复合副词 down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下 ( 形容词+名词)whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地 (副词+副词) 2. 派生 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy - unhappy develop - development 前缀: 一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。 mis- 错误的 +

3、 understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解 en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大 后缀: 一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。 care v. 照料 - careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作- worker n. 工人 常见的前缀 (A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair, unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.前 dis-disagree, disappear, dislike im-impolite, impos

4、sible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) (B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(误导) (C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle (D)表示相互, 交互, 在一起的前缀 interinterview, international, internet (E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 rereview, return, rewrite (F)表示远的前缀 tele telephone, television常见的后缀 动词变名词： -tion educate-education, invite-invi

5、tation, predict-prediction -ment development, movement, disappointment -er teacher, worker, runner, singer -or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor 名词后缀补充: -ist ( 人, 名词后缀) science-scientist, terror-terrorist -ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀) Chinese, Japanese形容词变名词 -ness goodgoodness, happy-happiness, busy-business , care

6、careless-carelessness -ity able-ability, possible-possibility 名词变形容词： -y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish: foolish, childish, girlish -some: handsome, troublesome -ous: dangerous, humorous -ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful -less: homeless, helpless, careless ,useless -ed sur

7、prised, bored ,excited ,relaxed, interested -ing surprising, boring ,exciting ,relaxing, interesting, outstanding 名词变形容词 -al: traditional, international, nature-natural 5. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify: beauty-beautify, simple-simplify -ize: realize -en: quicken, sharpen , widen3. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与

8、之前的意义联系密切. 常见的转化形式： 动词 - 名词 名词 - 动词 形容词-动词 动词-名词 water n. 水 - water vt. 浇水 stop v. 停止 - n.车站 watch v. 观看 - -n. 手表 look v. 看 -have a look n. 看 walk v. 散步,走-take a walk n.散步 love v. 爱- your love n. 爱 名词 -动词 hand n. 手 - vt. 上交 seat n. 座位- vt. 坐 nurse n. 护士- vt. 护理 oil n. 油- vt. 上油 time n. 时间- vt. 定时，测时

9、 show n. 展示,秀-vt. 表演,秀-形容词-动词 open (adj. 开着的)open( v.开) clean(adj. 清洁的)-clean(v.打扫) slow( adj. 慢的)-slow ( v. 放慢) 4.截短法(缩略法) 截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 1)截头 telephone phone aeroplane planeomnibus bus 2)去尾 mathematics maths co-operate co-op examination exam kilogram kilo laboratory lab tax

10、icab taxi 3)截头去尾 influenza flu refrigerator fridge prescription script 5.混合法(混成法) 混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。 news broadcast newscast新闻广播 television broadcast telecast电视播送 smoke and fog smog烟雾 helicopter airport heliport 直升飞机场 6.首尾字母缩略法 首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音;作为一个

11、单词读音。 very important person VIP (读字母音) 要人;大人物 television TV (读字母音)电视 Testing of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL 托福同步练习用所给汉语的适当形式填空( 1 )重要，重要的1. Anybody can see the _ of good health.2. It is _ to see that the brakes on your bicycle work properly.3. More _, the teacher should make the total meanin

12、g of the dialogue clear to the students before having them repeat it.( 2 )发明，创造1. Necessity is the mother of _.2. He _ a story to explain why he was late.3. It was absolutely new method _ by himself.( 3 )兴趣，使发生兴趣，有趣的，引起兴趣的1. Geology _ him.2. Hes a most _ man.3. He did not seem at a_ in the subject.4

13、. I will be most _ to hear your personal views on the station there.5. Local colour added _ to the novel.( 4 )善良，好心，仁慈，和蔼1. I want to thank you for your_ to me.2. The policeman treated the lost child_.3. Taking a blind man across the street is a _ act.4. Will you be so _ as to answer a few questions

14、?( 5 )迟，晚；后来，最近，最新1. I was _ getting up this morning.2. Tom came to school _ and missed the first lesson.3. Nine months _, they were divorced.4. They have equipped the office with the _ business machines.5. What have you been doing _.( 6 )生命，生活，谋生；活的，活着的；生动的，活泼的1. Eat to _, but do not _ to eat.2. Be

15、cause of all the arguments the meeting was a _ one.3. Language is a _ and continually changing thing.4. He earns his _ by growing rice.5. Many people lost their _ in the accident.( 7 )爱，喜爱；可爱，好看，美好1. How _ your roses are looking.2. It was a _ garden, with soft green grass.3. Though his income was sm

16、all, he _ to buy books.( 8 )领导， 领先，首先，领袖，领导人1. Our football team has a _ oftwo goals.2. The blind man had a dog to _ him.3. What _ you to think that?4. Our _ led us through the forest.5. What the country needs most is wise_.( 9 )长，长的，长度1. What is the _ of the movie?2.How _ is the speech?( 10 )运气， 好运

17、，幸运的，侥幸的1. Diligence is the mother of good _.2. You are _ than most women.( 11 )主要，主要部分；主要的；主要地，大部分1. He is the _ character in the story.2. Our _ meal is in the evening.3. His money comes _ from business interests.(12 )管理，经营，设法完成；经理，管事人1. The prime minister really _ the government.2. He _ to escape

18、to South America.3. Mother hasnt much money and it is only by good _ thatshe is able to buy all we need.4. Only a good _ can run a household on fifty dollars a week.( 13 )意思，意义，意思是1. Whats the _ of this word?2. The words are spelt differently, and _ quite different things.3. Smoke usually _ fire.4.

19、Thoughts are expressed by _ of words.5. Taking a plane is the quickest _ of getting there.( 14 )医学，医疗，医药1. _ research may find a cure for cancer.2. Tuition, rooms, books, and _ care are all free.3. This is a good kind of _ for colds.4. Always keep _ where children cant get at them.( 15 )错误，弄错，错误的1.

20、I _ you for your brother.2. Bob has the _ idea that tomorrow is a holiday.3. I was _ about her age.4. When I am tired I frequently make silly arithmetical _.( 16 )混合，搅和；混合物1. Green is a _ of blue and yellow.2. Shake the _ before taking.3. His feelings about his daughters marriage are rather _.4. _ this oil with the paint and stir well.( 17 )最，最多，大多数，主要，大部分1. Of course _ of them dont agree with his opinion.2. Of these sports, I like rowing _.3. The guests are _ friends of the bride.参考答案( 1 ) 1. importance 2. important3. importa