2009年新人教版高二年级英语Unit 6知识要点聚焦

1、Unit 6知识要点聚焦1.What will life be like in the future? 未来的生活是什么样子？in the future相当于in time yet to come，意为“将来”，指较长的将来一段时间。Who knows what will happen in the future? 谁知道将来会发生什么事？Id like to be a teacher in the future. 将来我想当一名教师。(1) in future 相当于from now on，意为“今后；以后”，常指离现在较近的一段将来时间。Dont do that in future. 以后

2、别再干那种事了。Be more careful with your spelling in future. 今后多注意你的拼写。(2) for the future表示“为将来”，在句中作定语或状语。Wed better lay up some money for the future. 我们最好为将来攒一些钱。Its necessary to plan for the future. 对未来进行规划是有必要的。用上述短语填空：Could you be more careful _ ?Im sure at some point _ Ill want a baby.(Keys: in futur

3、e in the future)2. Having doubles would make people confused, because no one would know who the double really was or how to treat it. 有个相似者会使人们迷惑不解，因为没有人会真正知道谁是相似者或者如何处理。(1) double这里用作名词，意为“二倍”、“相似者”、“替身电影演员”。如：He took double of what the other children did. 他所拿的两倍于其他小孩。Have you ever met your double?

4、 你曾遇到和你相似的人吗？double用作形容词，意为“两倍的, 双重的”。如：The word cool has a double o in the middle. Cool这个单词中间有两个字母o。Everything he says has a double meaning. 他说的话都有双重含义。double用作动词，意为“使加倍”。如：The government aims to double the number of students in higher education within 25 years. 政府打算25年内使高等教育学生增加一倍。Company profits

5、have doubled since the introduction of new technology. 自从引进新技术以来公司利润翻一翻。(2) make people confused是make后接复合宾语，形容词confused作宾语补足语。另外，名词、不定式、过去分词也可以充当其宾语补足语。如：Have I made myself clear? 我讲清楚了没有?This photograph makes her look very young. 她在这张照片中显得很年轻。Experience has made him a man. 经历把他磨练成男子汉。(3) 这里连接代词who引

6、导宾语从句，并充当从句的表语(有时作主语)。如：I dont know who I should invite to the party. 我不知道该邀请谁参加聚会。Go and see who is knocking at the door. 去看看谁在敲门。完成下列各句：The news _ (使我们很激动).Reed worked so well that they _ (工资涨一倍).(Keys: made us very excited doubled his wages) 3. What will the future be like in general? 将来整体上是什么样子？

7、in general是介词短语，意为“一般地”、“大体上”、“大都”，在句中作状语。如：I like games in general, and especially football. 各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足球。I am glad to find myself in general accord with your opinions. 我很高兴地发现我的意见与你的看法基本一致。in total总数 in detail详细地in treatment在治疗 in common共同地in order井然有序的 in place在原来(合适)位置in doubt怀疑 in hospital在

8、住院in prison在监狱(服刑) in secret秘密地 in public 公开地 in return 作为报答用上述短语填空： _ , men are taller than women.He talked _ about the curtains hes bought.Id never speak like that _ .(Keys: In general in detail in public)4.One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contempo

9、rary society.了解未来概况的一种办法是察看当代社会主要流行趋势。(1) catch a glimpse of sb.意为“瞥见, 一见”。如：I caught a glimpse of our new neighbor. 我们的新邻居我只看过一眼。(2) main, major, chief的区别main意为“主要的”，强调事物的某一部分、分支的重要性，大小及潜力优于其他部分、分支，或表示该部分在整个事物中占有显赫的地位。This article has in the main preserved the fairness of news reporting. 该文章大体上保留了新

10、闻报道所用的不偏不倚的风格。His main reason for going to the library was to look up the book he spoke of yesterday. 他到图书馆去的主要原因是去找他昨天谈到的那本书。major意为“重大的，主要的”，指在规模、数量、重要性方面超出同类的其他事物。如：John has also played a major part in the improvement of the paper. 约翰在改进这份报纸的工作中也起了较大的作用。It was not until late afternoon that he beg

11、an to tackle the major problem. 直到傍晚，他才开始处理重大问题。 chief意为“主要的，首要的”，强调在顺序,等级,重要性,价值方面高于其他所有同类事物。The chief engineer is the most important of a group of engineers in a job. 总工程师是参加一项工作的一组工程师中首要的一个。The chief reason for the great changes in the cultural field is the development of economy.经济发展是文化领域内发生巨大变化

12、的主要原因。(3) contemporary用作形容词，意为“同时期的”、“当代的”，用作名词，意为“同时期的人”、“同辈”、“报刊同业”。如：contemporary literature 当代文学Marlowe was contemporary with Shakespeare. 马洛与莎士比亚同时代。Keats and Shelley were contemporaries. 济慈和雪莱是同代人。用main, major或chief填空： Shes the _ executive of one of the countrys largest charities. My _ concern

13、 about moving to London is the cost of housing. There has been a _ change in attitudes recently.(Keys: chief main major)5 .A good example of how transportation is changing is the new maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing 430 km/h. 公共交通正在改善的一个很好例子就是磁

14、悬浮列车，它环保、节能而且以每小时430公里的惊人速度行驶。(1) how引导的从句作介词的宾语；而关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词maglev train。(2) 宾语从句可能作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语。如：Shes always thinking about how she can do more for others. 她总是在想如何能为大家多做点事。It all depends on whether or not shes got the time. 这完全取决于她是否有时间。(3) 介词at可以表示“以速度/价钱/比率”。如：It flies at about 90

15、0 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。They sold the beef at a high price. 他们高价卖掉牛肉。本句中涉及到三种构词法：(1) maglev是magnetic和levitation缩写而成，是缩略词。常用缩略方法有： 略去后部，保留前部 exam(examination 考试)，Fri(Friday 星期五)略去前部，保留后部 plane (aeroplane 飞机)，phone (telephone 电话) 略去两头，保留中部 flu (influenza 流感)，tec (detective侦探)略去中部，保留两头字母

16、ft (foot, feet英尺)，hr (hour小时)保留某些字母，加以合并Ltd (limited 有限的)(2) transportation(transport), environmentally (environment), friendly(friend) 和amazing (amaze)是派生词。(3) energy-saving 是“名词+动名词”构成的合成形容词。常见构成方法有：数词+名词(单数) one-child独生子的，two-hour两小时的数词+名词(单数)+形容词three-year-old三周岁的，six-inch-tall六英寸高的数词+名词-ed one-

17、eyed独眼的，three-legged三条腿的形容词+(普通)名词 second-hand二手的，high-class高级的 形容词+名词-ed cold-blooded冷血的，good-tempered脾气好的形容词/副词+分词 ever-lasting永恒的，well-dressed衣冠楚楚的形容词/副词+形容词 dark-blue深蓝色的，all-round全面的名词+分词 life-saving救生的，state-owned国有的名词+形容词 world-famous世界闻名的，duty-free免税的名词+(普通)名词 X-ray X光的，blue-collar蓝领阶级的完成下列各

18、句： Canada is mainly an _ (讲英语的国家). The teacher asked us to write _ (800字文章). Her aunt is a _ (热心肠妇女). (Keys: English-speaking country an 800word article warm-hearted woman)6. To ensure safety, the train is controlled by an advanced computer system. 为了确保安全，火车是由先进的计算机系统控制。sure, assure, ensure和insure四个

19、词形式和意义比较接近，区别如下：(1) sure 用作形容词时，意为“对有把握”、“可靠的”；用作副词，意为“一定地”、“必定地”。主要搭配有：be sure that., be sure of/about, be sure to do, make sure等。如：I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。He said he would come with his wife, and sure enough he did. 他说他会带着妻子一起来的,果然他们来了。(2) assure强调“肯定地保证，试图使人相信“，常用于a

20、ssure sb. of sth.或assure sb. that.中。如：He assured me that he had finished. 他向我保证他已经完成了。I can assure you of the reliability of the news. 我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。(3) ensure强调肯定、确信某事，意为“确保，保证“常用于ensure sth.或ensure sb. that.中。如：We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. 我们可以保证把工作做好。The airline is

21、 taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. 航空公司正采取措施来确保飞机安全。(4) insure最主要的意思是“投保；承保”、“(与against连用)保险”。如:My house is insured against fire. 我的房子保了火险。Many companies wont insure new or young drivers. 许多公司不愿为新司机或年轻司机上保险。用sure, assure, ensure和insure的适当形式填空： They refused to _ us because they said were

22、 too old. The role of the police is to _ that the law is obeyed. She _ him that the car would be ready the next day. We arrived early, to be _ of getting a good seat.(Keys: insure ensure assured sure)7.Scientists are also developing new fuels and engines that will let us travel without worrying abou

23、t whether we are polluting the environment. 科学家们还开发了新型燃料和新式发动机，使我们旅行时不必担心会污染环境。if与whether二词都有“是否”的意思，都可以用来引导各种从句，但两者还是有区别的：(1) 引导主语从句(位于句首)、表语从句、同位语从句时，只能用whether。The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这件事是否值得做。The question whether we need it has not been decided. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有确定。(2)作介词的宾语时，

24、只能用whether。Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。Im worried about whether he can arrive in time. 我担心他是否能够按时到达。(3) 引导宾语从句紧跟or not 时，只能用whether。Whether or not it rains, Im holding a party. 不管下不下雨，我都要举行宴会。Please tell me whether or not you agree. 请告诉我你是否同意。(4) 与不定式连用时，只能用whe

25、ther。I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道该接受还是拒绝。I dont know whether to stay or not. 我不知道是去还是留。(5) 动词discuss 后引出宾语从句时, 只能用whether。Lets discuss whether we shall go by plane. 让我们讨论一下我们是否乘飞机去。(6) 宾语从句是否定句时，只能用whether。I dont care whether he doesnt come. 他不来我也不在乎。(7) 在条件状语从句中，通常用if而不用whether。如：I

26、f you dont agree to do it, I will ask another. 如果你不同意做的话，我会让别人做。 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET 1996)A. If B. Whether C. That D. WhereThe question is _ the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how (Keys: B C)8.The Internet also makes it easier for companies to

27、keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries. 因特网还使得公司更容易与其它国家的客户和公司保持联系。(1) 句中it是形式宾语，easier是宾语补足语，后边的不定式是真正的宾语，这样使得句子保持平衡。动词think, feel, believe, consider都有类似用法。如：I feel it my duty to do so. 我认为这样做是我的责任。Do you think it advisable to wait a little longer? 再等一会儿你看好不好?(2) keep in touc

28、h with 意为“与保持联系”，类似短语还有：get in touch with与取得联系 lose touch with 与失去联系in touch 在能达到的地方 out of touch with 同失去联系。如：They keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails. 他们靠发电子邮件保持联系。It was not until last year that he got in touch with his long-lost brother. 直到去年他才与长期失散的兄弟取得联系。I dont think _ possible to

29、 master a foreign language without much memory work. (MET 1990)A. this B. that C. its D. itHeres my card. Lets keep in _ . (NMET 1994)A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship(Keys: D A)9People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age.

30、将来人们的寿命会更长，身体更健康，甚至在年迈时保持活力。(1) be able to do意为“有能力做”，多指“经过努力、设法做成某事”，可以用于过去时、现在时和将来时。其中，was/were able to do可以表示“过去成功地做了某事”但仅表示过去具备的能力。如：I shall be able to come tomorrow. 明天我能来。Im sorry for not being able to come in time. 对不起我没能及时来。The boat sank but the young man was able to swim to the bank. 船沉了，不过

31、那个年轻人游到了岸边。(2) 本句中remain用作连系动词，意为“保持；仍然是”，后接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词等作表语。如：The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery. 客栈老板之死仍然是个谜。I asked her a question but she remained silent. 我问了她一个问题，但她保持沉默。The temple remains standing there after the floods. 洪水过后，寺庙依然矗立在那里。The door remains locked for half a year.

32、 这门半年里一直锁着。(1) remain用作不及物动词，意为“剩余；余留；保留”。如：If you take away 3 from 8, 5 remains. 8减去3等于5。He has to remain in hospital until he is better. 他不得不住院，直到身体好转。Much remains to be done. 还有许多事没有做。(2) 用作不及物动词，意为“停留；留下”。如：I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。How many weeks will y

33、ou remain here? 你将在此停留几个星期?The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _ . (上海1999)A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollarsAlthough he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. (上海2002春)A. provesB. remainsC. maintainsD. continu

34、es Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen(Keys: D B B)10. In the future, there may be more “schools on the air” and “e-schools”. 将来可能会有更多的“空中学校”和“网络学校”。on the air意为“用(无线电、电视)播送”。如：The st

35、ory is being told on the air. 那个故事正在播放。I have difficulty understanding the English programmes on the air. 我理解广播中的英语节目有困难。by air相当于by plane，表示“乘飞机”； in the air相当于in the sky，表示“在空中”；in the open air意为“在野外”、“在户外”。如：The experts from Japan will arrive at ten by air. 专家们将于十点乘飞机抵达。Many birds are flying in t

36、he air. 许多鸟在空中飞翔。People love life in the open air. 人们热爱野外生活。11. We cannot be sure whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that our efforts to improve the world will be successful. 我们不能确信我们的梦想会变成现实，但至少我们会希望着我们改善世界的努力会成功的。(1) 连词whether和that引导的从句在句中都作宾语。(2) come true是固定词组，指“(预

37、言、梦想等)成为事实, 实现”，true是形容词作表语。如：Three years later her dream as a teacher came true. 三年后，她当教师的梦想成为现实。By the way, when did your dream come true?顺便问一下，你的梦想是什么时候实现的？表示“变化”的系动词有：get, become, turn, come, go等；He became very sad when he heard the news. 听到这个消息，他变得很忧伤。Its getting dark! Lets hurry. 天快黑了！我们快点吧。表示

38、“状态”的系动词有：keep, remain, lie, stay等；The weather stays fine. 天气继续放晴。表示“感官”的系动词有：feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等。The fish tasted wonderful. Who cooked it? 这鱼味道很好，是谁烧的？What you said sounded reasonable. 你说的话听起来有道理。(3) at least意为“至少”，其反义词是at most。如：Hes going away for at least a week. 他起码一星期出去一次。W

39、e can stay for two days at most. 我们最多能待两天。 Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. (NMET 1994)A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. (NMET 2003) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed(Keys: C B)12.If we l

40、earn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store. 如果我们学会迎接变化，学会欣赏新的不同的东西，我们就能有准备地迎接未来给我们带来的一切。(1) appreciate用作动词，意思是“鉴赏；欣赏；赏识；感谢”等，后接名词、动名词或用于“appreciate it +if”句型。如：We greatly appreciate your timely help. 我们非常感谢你们的及时帮

41、助。We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们恭候佳音。I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour. 若你肯帮那个忙，我会非常感激的。(2) be well-prepared for意为“为做好准备”，强调“已经准备好”这一状态，而prepare for则强调“为做准备”这一动作。如：I prepared the ground for the seeds. 我整理好土地准备播种。Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the o

42、ld classmates? 你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会做好准备工作?We have been well-prepared for all contingencies. 我们已经做好各种准备,以防意外。(3) in store意为“存储着”、“预备着”、“必将发生”。如：Who knows what the future has in store for us? 谁知道我们将来会怎么样?The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. (MET 1991)A. to prepare B. p

43、reparing C. prepared D. was preparing I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. (上海2003春) A. until B. if C. when D. that(Keys: B B)13. My e-friend is a bit like me and we have lots of fun together. 我的电子朋友有点像我，我们在一起乐趣不少。a bit 与a little用法区别：(1)二者都表示“稍微”，“一点儿”，都可

44、以修饰动词以及形容词、副词的原级、比较级。如：After a days work, Im a bit/a little tired. 工作一天之后，我有点儿累。Can you speak a bit/a little more slowly? 你能说得稍微慢一点吗？This is a bit/a little more expensive than that. 这个比那个略微贵一点。(2) a little可以直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit修饰不可数名词时，后加of。如：Theres a little water left in the glass. 杯子里还剩下一点水。Today she

45、only had a bit of bread. 今天她只是吃了点面包。(3) not a bit相当于not at all，表示“一点也不”，而not a little相当于very much，表示“很；非常”。如：Im sorry to have given you not a little trouble. 很抱歉给您带来这么多的麻烦。He had worked a long time, but he was not a bit tired. 他已经工作很长时间，但是他一点儿也不累。Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _ ?

46、(上海2000)A. a bit far B. a little fartherC. a bit of farther D. a little farYou have no difficulty finding the answer to the question? _ .A. None at allB. Not at allC. No problemD. Neither(Keys: B A)语法知识归纳名词性从句(2)考点归纳名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，点多面广，而且是每年高考必考要点之一。其考点概括如下：一、名词性从句的语序1.名词性从句都应用陈述语序，即把引导

47、词放在从句开头,后边采用“主语+谓语”结构；I dont like the idea that money is everything.金钱就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢。2.感叹句变为宾语从句，也应用陈述语序。如：You dont know how happy they were to see each other. 你不知道他们彼此见面是多么高兴。二、名词性从句的引导词1.that和what二者都可以引导这些从句，主要区别在于：that是连词，不作句子成分而what是连接代词，既起连接作用，又充当句子成分。如：What he said at the meeting made us surpri

48、sed. 他在会议上说的话使我们惊讶。She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. 她表达了将来有一天再到中国的愿望。2.wh连接词名词性从句的引导词还有who, whom, whose, which 等连接代词以及when, where, why, how等连接副词。在使用过程中，要注意区分这些词的含义和句法功能。如：The trouble is who can solve the problem. 麻烦在于谁能解决这个问题。When the power station will be finished is un

49、certain. 电站什么时间建成还不能确定。三、名词性从句的时态一般来说，这些从句的时态要与主句的时态相呼应，但应注意以下几点：1.宾语从句表示客观事实或真理，从句常用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。2.主句谓语动词是suggest, insist, demand, advise等动词时，宾语从句谓语用“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略。如：We all insist that we (should) not rest until we fin

50、ish the work. 我们都坚持认为不休息直到工作完成。It was demanded that we should set off before daybreak. 命令我们黎明前出发。3.表示“建议、命令、要求、观点”等意义的名词后接(如：advice, suggestion, order, demand)表语从句、同位语从句中也用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。如：The advice that she wait till next week is reasonable.让她等到下周的建议是很有道理的。His suggestion is that a medi

51、cal team be sent to the flooded area immediately. 他的建议是立即派遣医疗队到灾区。四、名词性从句相关提示1.what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词一般用单数，但如果表语是复数名词，主句谓语动词用单复数均可。如：What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多时间。What I have now is/are two books. 现在我拥有的是两本书。2.有时为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式主语或宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语从句置后。如：It seemed certain that she would win the priz

52、e. 好像可以肯定的是她将赢得这个奖项。They think it necessary that everyone should be present at the party. 他们认为大家都有必要出席这个聚会。3.当主句谓语动词是think, suppose, expect等时，后边的宾语从句含有否定词not时，常把not提前，构成否定前移。如：We dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures. 我们认为你的画中没有什么有趣的东西。I dont believe she can marry the young lawye

53、r. 我相信她不会嫁给那个律师。4.whatever, whoever等连接代词引导主语、宾语或表语从句，其用法与词根的用法基本一致，但要注意这些词引导让步状语从句时，可以用no matter+ wh代替。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (=No matter who breaks.)不管是谁违反规定都要受到惩罚。1. I had a wonderful time in the country last Sunday. Really?Tell me _ you did with yourself then.A.howB.whatC.whenD.why2. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh, thats _ . (北京2003春)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited3. When you answer ques