船舶电缆敷设工艺标准

1、浙江造船有限公司工艺标准版 本 号AZJ1E-001-2010修 改 次 第00电缆敷设工艺标准总 页 数 21电缆敷设工艺标准生效日期： 编制日期校对日期审核日期批准日期ZJ1E001-2010版 本 号A电缆敷设工艺标准总 页 数 21目录1范围31 Scope32 规范性引用文件32 Reference documentation33 电缆敷设前的准备工作33 preparing work before cable laying33.1 图样和技术文件的准备33.1 Preparing for drawing and technical files43.2 根据电缆清册进行电缆切割备料4

2、3.3 贯通件进行定位53.3 Cross-things orientation53.4 在船体构件和甲板上开孔53.4 Drill hole on structural members and deck53.5 支承件、贯通件、安装件的焊装63.5 Welding supporter, cable coaming and installation63.6 人员73.6 Personal74 电缆敷设74 Cable laying74.1 敷设方式74.1 cable laying form74.2 敷设要求84.2 requirement of cable laying84.3 特殊场所电缆

3、敷设要求144.3 cable laying requirements in special place145 电缆紧固185 cable tightness185.1 紧固的一般要求185.1 demands of tightness185.2 紧固件安装形式及要求195.2 form and requirement of fastener191 范围1 Scope本规范规定了电缆施工前的准备工作、电缆敷设、电缆紧固、接地工艺的方式和要求。本规范适用于本规定生效后合拢的船舶.This workmanship regulates the ways and demands of preparin

4、g work before cable working, cable laying, cable tightening and grounding workmanship. This rule applies to the vessel that closed after this rule entered into force.本通用工艺与某船型的专用工艺矛盾，以专用工艺为准。与别的通用工艺矛盾的，以生效晚的为准。If this general workmanship contradictions with one vessels dedicated workmanship, the spe

5、cial workmanship is more powerful. If it contradictions with other general workmanship, the one go into effect later is more powerful.2 规范性引用文件本文符合 CB/T 3908-2007 要求本文主要引用CB 3386.1-92 船用电缆耐火贯穿装置技术条件本文提到的“细小电缆”指单芯导流铜芯截面积小于3mm2 的单芯或多芯电缆。2 Reference documentationThis paper accords with the demands of C

6、B/T 3908-2007This paper mainly refer to CB 3386.1-92:cable fire-resisting impenetratedevice and technical conditions in shipIn this paper “tiny cable” means single core cable or multiply core cables area of electric copper core less than 3mm23 电缆敷设前的准备工作3 preparing work before cable laying3.1 图样和技术文

7、件的准备 电气系统图 电气设备布置图 综合电装图 电缆敷设线路图 电缆表册 绝缘布置图 甲板敷料布置图 电气施工工艺 其他有关图样和技术文件3.1 Preparing for drawing and technical files Electrical system drawingsElectrical equipment arrangement drawingsIntegrative electrical lofting drawingsCable laying circuit diagramsCable tablesInsulation arrangement drawingsDeck c

8、overing arrangement drawingsElectrical working workmanshipOther related drawing and technical files3.2 根据电缆清册进行电缆切割备料3.2 Cable cutting according to cable table3.2.1 事先做好电缆临时标牌，标牌上注明电缆编号、规格、长度、起终点设备名称和位置，每根电缆二块。3.2.1 Cable temporary mark must be made before working; we should mark cable number, speci

9、fication, length, name of starting and ending equipment and position, each cable for two temporary mark.3.2.2 按“电缆清册”规定的长度做好电缆穿过隔舱或甲板的停止标记。3.2.2 Stop mark of cable through bulkhead or deck should be made according to the length regulated by cable manual.3.2.3 每根电缆切割时，随时将临时标牌包扎于该电缆的两端。3.2.3 When cutt

10、ing each cable, temporary mark should be bound on cables starting and ending end.3.2.4 电缆的切口应避免受潮影响绝缘，必要时可采取包扎封口措施。3.3.4 The cut of the cable should avoid damp that may affect insulation, some methods such as bind heal should be taken place when necessary.3.2.5 按照“电缆清册”规定的拉敷地点及顺序将电缆依次卷入电缆筒备用。3.2.5 T

11、he cable should be rolled into cable box according to the place and order required by cable manual.3.2.6 按照先主干后局部的原则3.2.6 The principle is that main part first then local part.3.3 贯通件进行定位根据“电气设备布置图”、“电舾装布置图”于船上对电缆支承件和贯通件进行定位。3.3 Cross-things orientationOrientation of cable supporter and cross-things

12、 should accord to electrical equipment arrangement drawing and electrical outfitting arrangement drawing.3.4 在船体构件和甲板上开孔3.4 Drill hole on structural members and deck3.4.1 开孔一般应为圆形或腰圆形，如开孔为其它形状，其折角应为圆角。3.4.1 In general, the shape of hole need to be circle or shallow oval, if the shape of hole is othe

13、rs, its angle need to be round corner.3.4.2 在横梁、肋骨及纵衍上开孔见图1。开孔边缘至纵桁面板的距离H应不小于纵桁腹板高度h的40%。当贯通件开孔尺寸超过上述规定进行强度补偿时,应与船体结构设计联系。下图中C区域不准开孔3.4.2 Consult picture 1 if drill hole on beams, frames or Girder. The distance H between edge of hole and Girder panel should not less than 40% of Girder Web plate heig

14、ht h. When the size of cable coaming excess above-mentioned prescript needs to repair intensity, we should contact with engineer of hull structure.In the next picture, area C is forbidden drilling hole3.4.3 在甲板上开孔a) 开孔的形状为圆形或腰圆形，孔的长宽比不小于2，其长轴应尽量沿艏艉线方向布置，以保证在相同的面积情况下减少沿船宽方向的开孔宽度。b) 在船肿二分之一船长的区域内的强力甲板

15、上开孔，沿船宽方向的开孔尺寸不得超过货舱口至船边距离的6%，其它处甲板上开孔，腰圆形开孔宽度不得超过货舱口至船边距离的9%，圆形的开孔则不超过上述距离的6%。当贯通件开孔尺寸超过上述规定进行强度补偿时，应与船体结构设计联系。3.4.3 Drill hole on decka）The shape of hole need to be circle or shallow oval ,the ratio of hole length to width is not less than 2,its long shaft should be disposed along the line that fo

16、recastle to poop as exactly as possible in order to at the same area reducing width of hole in direction of ship beam.b) Drill hole on strength deck about area of 50% ship length around amidships, the ratio of the size of hole in direction of ship beam to the length that hatch covers to side of ship

17、 should not more than 6%, drill hole on the other area of deck, the radio of width of shallow oval hole to the length that hatch covers to side of ship should not more than 9%, if the shape of hole is circle should not be more than 6% to above-mentioned length. When the size of cable coaming excess

18、above-mentioned prescript needs to repair intensity, we should be contact with engineer of hull structure.3.5 支承件、贯通件、安装件的焊装3.5 Welding supporter, cable coaming and installation3.5.1 备齐所需贯穿件，支撑件，安装件，工具，材料3.5.1 Prepare for supporter, cable coaming, installation, tool and material.3.5.2 电缆支承件、贯通件应焊接牢固

19、，应能保证电缆紧固而不致脱落。电缆框、筒在船体舱壁或甲板上的焊接应采用双面连续焊，以保证强度，达到水密要求。3.5.2 Supporter of cable and cable coaming should weld well, must ensure cable tightness but not desquamate. The welding of Cable box and cable canister on bulkhead and deck should be continuous and double-face, in order to ensure intensity and r

20、equirement of water tightness.3.5.3 支承件和安装件的撑脚不应直接焊接在主甲板以下的船壳板上，也不应直接焊接在球扁钢的端面上。3.5.3 Supporting leg of supporters and installation should not weld on side plate under the main deck, either on the surface of the bulb bar.3.5.4 若在水密舱壁、油柜和水柜上焊接底脚，则须加装加强复板焊接。3.5.4 If welding on water tightness bulkhead

21、, oil tank and water tank, reinforcement plate should be added.3.5.5 所有焊接件在焊接后应随即清除焊渣，并涂以防锈漆。电缆敷设前,电缆通道部分应预先涂以完工漆。3.5.5 Slag welding must be cleared after all the welding work and rust resistance painting should be painted. Before cable laying, cable passage should be painted with finished painting.

22、 3.5.6 电缆直径小于25mm且电缆支撑件之间高度差超过100mm 中间应该加支撑件过渡。电缆直径大于25mm且电缆支撑件之间高度差超过250mm 中间应该加支撑件过度。3.5.6 If the cable diameter D25mm and the height error between cable supporters more than 100mm, supporters should be added for transition. If the cable diameter D25mm and the height error between cable supporters

23、 more than 250mm, supporters should be added for transition.3.6 人员3.6 Personal电缆敷设施工人员上岗前应进行船舶电缆敷设的工艺知识和安全生产知识的应知、应会培训。Cable laying workers should be accepted the workmanship knowledge and security production knowledge training before mount guard.4 电缆敷设4 Cable laying4.1 敷设方式4.1 cable laying form4.1.

24、1电缆敷设采取分层，分束，分支的方式。分束：即是动力电缆与信号电缆分束。分层：电缆扎在电缆托架上方，一般较长较粗的在下层。电缆扎在电缆托架下方，一般较长较粗的在上层。分支：分清径直走向的电缆与转弯的电缆，避免过多的分支。尽量将分叉处放于隐蔽处。4.1.1 Cable laying must be divided into layer, splitter and branch. Splitter: shelf drives cable and signal cable layer ： Cable tied above cable tray, in general longer and thick

25、er cable laying below. When cable is bunched under the cable tray, longer and thicker cable is laid on top.Branch: make it clear that straight cable and flexible cable, avoid overmuch embranchment. Try best to put embranchment in secluded place.4.1.2电缆拉敷前，应检查线路上所有支承件、贯通件、安装件有无遗漏，有无锐边和毛刺，焊接是否牢靠，是否均已涂

26、有防锈漆及完工漆。电缆开始拉敷后，在敷设线路上及附近，尽可能避免进行气割和焊接，以免灼伤电缆，否则应有临时防护措施。4.1.2 before cable laying ,check all supporters ,cable coaming and installations in the line in afraid of missing ,sharp side and burr, check the fastness of the welding and if all rust-resistance and finished painting have been finished .whe

27、n cable laying start , make sure avoid gas cutting and welding working on the way to cable laying and nearby that may burn the cable ,otherwise, some temporary protecting methods should be used .4.1.3电缆拉敷前，应仔细核对电缆代号、规格、长度、起终点设备名称和位置以及中间停止点,它们与电缆清册和图纸是否相符，并检查电缆有否损伤。电缆拉敷时，应使电缆沿着已检查合格的支承件、贯通件的敷设线路方向连续均

28、匀地移动，不得强力硬拖，以免损伤电缆。4.1.3 Before cable laying, please check the code name , specification ,length ,name of the starting and terminate equipment and middle stop point carefully to see if they accord with the cable manual and the drawing and if they get hurt. When cable laying, the cable should move co

29、ntinuous and even along the eligible supporters, cable coaming and directions, pull by force is not allowed for the reason of hurting the cable.4.1.4不同护套的电缆混合拉敷时，应特别注意防止电缆相互磨擦而损伤其护套层。每根电缆拉敷完毕后，均需把电缆理齐整平，校对长度，并把到位电缆或下一步再拉敷的电缆圈好，挂在设备附近。不得-将电缆随地乱抛，任意踩踏。4.1.4 When laying the cable with different sleeves

30、, pay more attention to cable friction that may hurt the cable sleeves. After every single cable is finished, we must make cable tidy, check the length and put the cable which will be used next step nearby the equipment .throwing the cable anywhere and trampling are not allowed.4.1.5所有电缆拉敷完毕后，应根据系统图

31、全面核对电缆型号、规格及进入设备的长度和总数。核对无误方可紧固电缆，接线。4.1.5 When finish all of the cable laying work, check cables type, specification and the length of inserting the equipment and the total numbers. If there is no mistake, fasten the cable and connect the wires.4.2 敷设要求4.2 requirement of cable laying4.2.1 概述：主干电缆暗式

32、敷设时，敷设路径上的封闭板必须便于开启。所有电缆线路的分支接线盒若为暗式安装时，则封闭板必须便于开启，并有耐久标志。不应将电缆敷设在隔热或隔音绝缘层内，也不应在电缆上喷涂油漆、泡沫塑料等热材料。冷藏室、锅炉舱等处的电缆应全部明线敷设，居住室应尽可能采用暗式敷设。居住室电缆若采用明线敷设，可采用滞燃塑料槽予以保护。4.2.1 summarize：When hidden Laying Backboneless cable, make sure it is convenient for seal plate to start on the path of laying. When embranchm

33、ent junction box of all cable paths use hidden installation, make sure it is convenient for seal plate to start and have endurable indication. Not only we shouldnt lay cable through thermal insulation and Sound proof insulation but also should not paint heat preserve material such as paint and foam.

34、 Cable of Refrigerating chamber, boiler room etc all should lay in use of open wire, cable in accommodation should try best to use of hidden installation. If cable in accommodation use open wire, it could protect cable with fire retardant Plastic groove.4.2.2应防止机械损伤尽量避免在货舱、贮藏室、甲板上、舱底花钢板下等易受机械损伤的场所敷设

35、电缆，若无法避免时，则货舱、贮藏室、甲板上需设置电缆护罩或电缆管加以防护舱底钢板下穿金属电缆管。货舱和甲板上的电缆护罩厚度，一般不应小于3mm，以保证足够强度。尽量避免在可动或可拆的部位敷设电缆，以免活动件移动或拆装时损伤电缆，无法避免时装可拆接头。电缆穿过甲板时，应采用金属电缆管、电缆筒或电缆围板保护。4.2.2 Avoiding mechanical damageIt had better not lay cable in cargo room, store room, deck, under bilge checkered deck where cable may be damaged

36、by machine. If cannot avoid, protect metal cable pipe by cable covers or cable pipe in cargo hold, store room, deck when cable go through bilge armor plate. Cable covers in cargo hold and deck should not less than 3mm in order to protect enough intensity.Wed better not lay cable at movable and knock

37、-down place avoid damage cable when remove movable hardware, if cannot avoid need install movable connector. It should be protected by metal cable pipe, cable canister or cable boarding when cables go through deck. 4.2.3 弯曲及接头电缆敷设不应跨过船体伸缩接头，如确实不能避免时，电缆应保证有一定伸缩裕度，或者加分断式接线箱。电缆敷设的弯曲内半径应在允许范围内，最小弯曲内半径应符

38、合下表的规定。4.2.3 Bend and connectionCable shouldnt stride over flex connection of ship, if cant avoid, cable must ensure has some flex margin or adding a separate type connection box. Semi diameter of cable must be laid in allowed; minimum of semi diameter must accord with the following list prescript.电

39、缆敷设最小弯曲半径The least bend radius for cable laying电 缆 结 构 cable structure电缆外径 DDiameter D最小弯曲半径The least bend radius绝 缘insuation外 护 套Outside protective sleeve热塑性或热固性材料（铜导体圆形）heat plasticityor thermosetting material（copper core is circle）非铠装，非编织Not armoured，intertexture25 mm4D25 mm6D金属编织Metal intertextu

40、re任何any金属铠装Metal armoured合成树脂，金属薄片Compound colophony ，metal flake8D热塑性或热固性材料（铜导体非圆形）heat plasticityor thermosetting material（copper core is circle）任何any矿物mineral硬金属rigid metal6D4.2.4 防火电缆应尽量远离热源敷设。电缆离蒸汽管、排汽管及其法兰、电阻器、锅炉等热源的空间距离一般应不小于100mm；电缆与蒸汽管、排汽管 交叉时，其空间距离一般不应小于80mm，否则应采取有效的隔热措施。电缆应避免穿越易燃、易爆和有腐蚀性气

41、体影响的场所（如氧气间、油漆间、蓄电池室、煤仓、弹药库等）。对必不可少的照明电缆或本场所工作电缆应敷设在金属管内。金属管穿过舱壁时，应保持其原有的密封性能，以防止有害气体进入其它舱室。具有不同允许工作温度的电缆不应敷设在一起，如敷设在一起，则同束内所有电缆的允许工作温度应以该束中允许工作温度最低的电缆为准。用于重要设备或应急动力设备、应急照明，以及应急状态下使用的船内通信或信号设备的电缆应尽量远离厨房、洗衣间、机器处所及其舱棚，以及其它高度失火危险处所，但对这些处所中的设备供电的电缆可例外。4.2.4 FireproofingWhen lay the cable please keep awa

42、y from heat power. In general, the distance between the cable and steam pipe, exhaust pipe, flange, resistance, boiler and other heater shouldnt less than 100mm; when cable cross with steam pipe and exhaust pipe, its distance shouldnt less than 80mm, or some useful adiabatic methods would be used.Th

43、e cable should avoid throughing the place of flammability, explode, causticity gas (such as oxygen room, painting room, secondary cell room, bunker, magazine and so on). Some required lighting cable should be laid in the metal pipe. When cable through bulkheads, keep its seal function to prevent the

44、 innocuousness gas from coming into other tanks (these tanks lighting lamps dont use cable sleeves).Cable with different allowed working temperatures should not lay together, when they have to, all of the cable in the same splitters allowed working temperature is the lowest allowed temperature in th

45、e splitter.Cable used in the important equipment or emergency motivity equipment and communication or signal equipment under the condition of emergency should keep away from galley, laundry, machine and its tank shed, besides other easily fire happening places. However, cable used to supply power to

46、 these places is not included. 4.2.5 环境电缆敷设应防止潮气凝结和油、水的影响。尽量避免在有潮气凝结、滴水和有油、水侵入的场所敷设电缆。在易受油水浸渍的花钢板下敷设电缆时，应将电缆敷设在金属软管、管子、管道内，管子或管道应贴近花钢板安装，其两端一般应高出花钢板200mm以上，并用填料函或护圈填塞堵料封闭。在潮湿舱壁上敷设电缆时，电缆与舱壁间至少应有20mm的空间。4.2.5 EnvironmentCable laying should avoid humidity cancelation and the effect of oil and water. Tr

47、y to avoid laying cable in the humidity cancelation place and drop oil, water place.When lay the cable under checkered where easily soaked by oil and water, cables should be laid in metal pipe or conduit (add metal hose), metal pipe or conduit should be installed against checkered, its two ends have

48、 to higher than checkered 200mm and sealed by stuffing box.When lay the cable on humidity bulkhead, the distance between cable and bulkhead shouldnt less than 20mm. 4.2.6 成束电缆的敷设具有不同允许工作温度的电缆不应敷设在一起，如敷设在一起，则同束内所有电缆的允许工作温度应以该束中允许工作温度最低的电缆为准。对要求两路供电的重要设备，例如操舵装置的供电及其控制用的两路电缆，应尽最大可能在水平及垂直方向远离敷设。对具有双套设备的

49、重要设备或互为备用完成同一重要功能（例如机舱传令钟等）的双套系统，其各自的供电及其控制用的两路电缆，应尽最大可能在水平及垂直方向远离敷设。具有不同护套或外护层的电缆，若敷设时可能损坏其它电缆的护套或外护层时，一般不应成束敷设在一起。电力推进装置的主电路电缆应与励磁电缆和其它低压电缆分开敷设。4.2.6 Lay splitter cableCable with different allowed working temperatures should not lay together; when they have to lay together all of the cable in the

50、same splitters allowed working temperature is that the lowest allowed temperature in the splitter.As for the important equipment required two routes power supply, such as power supply and its control used two routes of steering gear, try best to lay cable in level and vertical direction.As for the e

51、quipment with two sets equipment or standby for each other to finish an important function, its power supply and control used two routes cable should be laid vertically and horizontally.Cable with different outside sleeves or protective sleeves, when they are laid may hurt other outside sleeves or p

52、rotective sleeves; they are not allowed to lay splitter.Main electro circuit cable and excitation cable of power propulsion system should be depart from low current cable.4.2.7 交流单芯电缆敷设三相系统均应采用三芯对称电缆，若在电流20A以上的电力系统采用单芯电缆，其敷设应符合以下要求：属于同一线路的电缆应该在同一管子、管道或电缆槽内。同一线路的电缆应相互紧贴按品字形敷设，相邻的电缆间隙不得超过电缆直径。同一线路单芯电缆

53、之间不能夹入磁性材料。电缆穿越舱壁时，应该将电缆聚拢相邻穿舱。其穿越方式应该使电缆之间没有磁性材料。若每相有好几根单芯电缆并联，所有电缆要沿着相同路线敷设，且应该具有相同截面积。为了防止电磁场分布不均使附近铁磁材料生热，电缆应按下表排列交流单芯电缆排列表每相并联根数一层排列顺序二层排列顺序2ABC CBAABCCBA3ABCABCABC4ABCABCCBACBA5ABCABCABCABCABC6ABCABCABCCBACBACBA4.2.7 Laying of A.C single core cableThree phase system all should use three core s

54、ymmetry cable，it use single core cable when current exceed 20A and should meet the following requirement .a) Cable that belongs to the same line should in the same of pipe, pipeline or cable groove.b) Cable in the same line should lay in the form of triangle ，the distance that abutting cable can not

55、 exceed than diameter of cable.c) It is cannot sandwiched magnetic material between single core cables that in the same line. Cable go through cabin wall should gather together. Magnetic material between cable is not allowed when cable go through cabin wall.d）Every cable should lay in the same line

56、and have same sectional area if every phase has several single core cable use parallel connection. In order to avoid magnetic material become heat because of electrical field distribute not uniformly，cable should array like the following list.List of Single core A.C cable arrayParallel connection number of Every phaseArray sequence of flatArray sequence of two floor2 ABC CBAABCCBA3_ _ABCABCABC4_ _ABCABCCBACBA5_ _ABCABCABCABCABC6_ _ABCABCABCCBACBACBA4.2.8其他电缆敷设要求高压电缆与信号电缆不能扎为一束。若信号电缆与1KV以下高压电缆安装在同一支架上，间隔需在50mm以上。电缆在穿管子，或在电缆槽内敷设时，要求管子、电缆槽内壁光滑，有防腐蚀措施。管子、槽端部要有措施防止电缆不受损伤。管