国际商务英语翻译

1、.1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the deve

2、lopment of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for participating in interna

3、tional business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in a

4、nother.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market.（二）1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a cou

5、ntrys income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its i

6、ncome level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域，高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。China with an annual per capi

7、ta income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago.5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the

8、 ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.(三)1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越严重。The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.2经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应适用同一的货币

9、。The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency.3欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the bo

10、dy which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty4APEC建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12位成员国出席，分别是澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attened by 12mem

11、bers of Australia，the united states，canada，japan，republic of korea，new zealand and six ASEAN countries.5著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立的。The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991(四)1.经

12、济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会, 同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。Economic globalization is giving new impetus and opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive2.跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。A multinational enterprise is a business organi

13、zation that owns, controls and manages assents in more than one country3.许多人欢呼经济全球带来的好处，但同时也有强烈的反对声音。An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to international headquarters4.跨国公司的内部交换在整个国际贸易的一个很大的比例。The transfer of the intra-MNE transactions constitutes a very si

14、gnificant proportion of total international trade5.尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司，但重要决策，如有关公司和新投资等都由母公司来决定。Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations may be decentralized to the affiliate MNCS, the major decisions, such at those on corporate goals and new investments are made by the parent comp

15、any6.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势。Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development（五）1.在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient2.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。With the development of m

16、anufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization3.按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。According to the theory on comparative advantage both trade partners can benefit from trade.4.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行为发展某种特定的比较利益。Comparative advantage is not a stat

17、ic concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage through its own action5.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade6.根据绝对利益理论，只有当一个国家生产的某一商品对另一个国家具有绝对优势时，贸易才会发生。According to the absolute advantage th

18、eory, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity.（六）1.一件商品的成本会因生产规模扩大而减小。The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale2.在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能永远不会发生。In reality, complete specialization may never take p

19、lace even though it is economically advantageous3.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers4.国家从事贸易种类是多样的，复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade.5.贸易不

20、是建立在两个国家生产能力上而是建立在不同的消费偏好上。Trade will be based not on difference in the production capabilities of the two countries but on different consumption preferences6.各国政府经常采取的贸易保护主义措施是贸易壁垒，典型的例子是关税和配额。Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barriers to trade and typical example

21、s are tariffs and quotas.7.由于战略或国内的原因，一个国家可能继续生产不具备优势的产品。For strategic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods for which it does not have an advantage8.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。Visible trade,. which involves the import and export of goods，there is also invisible trade, whi

22、ch involves the exchange of services between countries.（七）1.包装需按运输的要求进行，在大多数情况下，卖方明确知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需要的包装。Packing should be made according to the requirement of transportation. In most cases, the seller knows clearly the particular type of packing required for transporting the goods safely to destinat

23、ion.2.在许可情况下，应通知买方在卖方将货物启运之时或之前安排验货。除非合同另有规定，否则卖方必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验货费用。In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go through the inspection of goods at or before the time of shipment. Unless otherwise specified, the buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of inspection thus incurred for his own s

24、ake.3.进口商可以通过可转让的运输单据将货物在运输途中卖给新的卖方，这类可转让单据用起来非常方便。The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while they are being carried by means of negotiable shipping documents which are very convenient for use5.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加以及运输方式的变化。The 2000 revision of Incoterms took accoun

25、t of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the changes in transport practices6.如果货物丢失或受损或因某种原因没有运到，买卖双方的信任就会下降可能会严重到引起法律纠纷的地步。If they are lost or damaged, or if delivery does not take place for some other reason, the climate of confidence between partie

26、s may degenerate to the point where a law suit is brought7.买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参考，他们就肯定简单可靠的确定各自的责任。If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to , they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safel

27、y(八)1.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈。Oral business negotiations refer to face-to-face discussions or those conducted thro

28、ugh international trunk calls3.买方发出的询盘时为了获得拟定购商品的有关信息，它对发出询盘的人无约束力。Enquiries made by the buyer are to get information about the goods to be ordered and are not binding on the inquirer4.有效期对于实盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前发盘一直是有效的。The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains vali

29、d until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected5.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦做出还盘，原报盘即将失效而失去约束力。A counter-offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made6.还盘可以针对发盘中的价格、付款条件、装运时间或其他条款而提出。A counter-offer may be made in relation to the price, terms of paym

30、ents, time of shipment or other terms and conditions of the offer7.合同背面的规定是合同的组成部分，对合同双方同样具有约束力The stipulations on the back of the contract are constituent parts of the contract and are equally binding upon the contraction parties（九）1. 对销贸易一般是与有关国家的政治目标相互联系的，如应对外汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。As counter trade often

31、takes place in less developed economies and in centrally planned economies, it is often related with policy objectives in these countries2. 实际上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交换。Fundamentally, counter trade refers to the direct exchange of assorted kinds of goods and services3. 回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续

32、更长一段时间。Another important difference is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time the a counter purchase deal4. 在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。In normal market transactions buying and selling of goods are unbundled because of the use of money and the market5.尽管有很多好处，反向贸易可

33、能是风险很大的事。Despite all its advantage, counter trade can be very risky business6. 在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、代理等。Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc7. 对销贸易成为一个将卖方的出口，从买方的进口联系起来的跨国界合同的术语总称。Counter trade has become the generic term to describe a set of cros

34、s-border contracts that link a sellers exports to imports from the buyer(十)1.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对不履约的可能。In international trade, both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may fail to fulfil the contract2.为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。Various met

35、hods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade3.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行是顾客的支付命令。A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft, which is an order to a customers to pay4.即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。Documents against payment at sight require

36、s immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents5.就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。So far as the exporters interest is concerned D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable than D/A(十一)1.在国际贸易中，几乎不可能使付款和实际交货同时进行。In international trade it is almost

37、 impossible to match payment with the physical delivery of the good2.信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障。The method of payment by the letter of credit offers security to both the seller and the buyer3.第一次世界大战后，信用证得到了实质性的发展。Credits had substantial development after the First World War4.要么因为信用证金额过大，要么因为对开证行不完全信任，出口商有时可

38、能需要保兑的信用证。Either because the credit amount is too large, or because he does not fully trust the opening bank, the exporter may sometimes require a confirmed letter of credit5.信用证的形式、长短、语言和规定各不相同。Letters of credit are varied in form, length, language and stipulations6.双边保证是信用证独特的具有代表性的特征。The bilatera

39、l security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit7.信用证不但保所购货物就是发票所开或所装运的货物。It does not guarantee that the goods purchased will be those invoiced or shipped8.银行只关心代表货物的单据而不是所寄予的合同，银行对于货物是否符合合同不承担法律责任。The banks are only concerned with the documents representing the goods inst

40、ead of the underlying contracts.They have no legal obligation whether the goods comply with the contract(十二)1.信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。Letters of credit are classified into different types according to their function, form, and mechanism2.光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。Clean letters of credit are mai

41、nly used in non-trade settlement, while documentary credits are generally used in commodity trade3.在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款。In the case of sight credits, payment can be made promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable shipping documents5.如果信用证可以有原受益人转让给另一个或几个人，那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证。A letter of

42、credit is called transferable if it can be transferred by its original beneficiary to one or more parties6.对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式，缔约双方应根据具体情况做出最好的选择。The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contracting parties should make their best c

43、hoice according to the specific conditions7.如果允许分批装运，信用证可以同时转让给多个受益人。Transferring a credit to more than one party at the same time is allowed provided partial shipments are permitted(十三)1.在国际贸易中使用正确的单据很重要，否则进口商提货时会遇到困难。It is very important to use correct documents in international trade, otherwise t

44、he importer will have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods2.商业发票，一般称“发票”这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性描述。The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice makes a general description of the quality, quantity, unit price, and total value of the goods3.货物在运输过程中可能发生风险损失，需要办理货物保险。It is necessary t

45、o insure the goods against the possible risks they are exposed to in the course of transportation.4.已装船提单表明货物已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。An on board bill of lading indicates that the goods have been actually loaded on board of the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination5.清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加

46、任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注。A clean bill of lading refers to one that indicates the goods have been shipped in apparent good order condition, which means it is devoid of any qualifying remarks about the packing and the outer appearance of the goods6.签发保险单的日期可以早于提单的签发日，但绝不能迟于提单签发日。The date on which the document

47、 can be made earlier but by on means later than the date of the bill of lading（十四）1.毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是一个原始落后的社会。There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive2.这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同。从而使它们各有比较优势和劣势，五种运输方式是水路、铁路、公路、管道、航空。The modes differ in terms of operati

48、ng characteristics and capabilities, giving them comparative advantages and disadvantages. The five major modes are water, rail, truck, pipeline and air3.过去10年，公司自己提供运输能力的倾向越来越大。The past decade has seen an increasing tendency among business firms to provide their own transportation capability.4.作为一个

49、社会，我们现在的生活比完全自给自足时更富裕、更消闲。As a society, we enjoy a richer and more leisurely life than we would be in a totally self-sufficient community5.最近几年运输功能引人注目的另一个因素就是越来越多的使用零库存系统，这种系统是以公司保持很少数量的生产投入为基础的。Another factor that has thrust transportation into the limelight in recent years is the growing utilizat

50、ion of just-in-time inventory systems, on the basis of a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs6.运输业可能更容易的集中原料和劳动力的投入去生产某项产品。Transportation allows the entrepreneur to assemble more easily the raw material and labor inputs needed to make a specific

51、product(十五)1.保险是一种风险转换机制通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人。Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, by which the individual or the business enterprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life to the shoulders of others2.即使是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付已知的费用即保险费用来转移风险，而不愿面对不确定的风险损失。Even under these circumstances, most o

52、f the firms prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss3.对企业来说损失的价值要比个人高很多。因此，保险费也比一栋房子或一两车高出许多。In the case of business enterprises, the values exposed to loss are usually much higher and the premium charged is substan

53、tially higher than that for a house or a car4.企业投保的主要刺激时他们可以腾出资金，进行其他项目的投资。The main stimulus to the enterprise is the release of funds for investment in the production of other items5.因此，货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到转敏承担风险的保险人一方的活动。Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving the burden

54、 of risk from the exporters and importers to the underwriters6.通过向共同基金投保，投保方就得到了一旦遭受损失时要求从基金中得到赔偿的权利。By paying a premium into an insurance pool, the assured earns the right to claim compensation from the pool, the assured earns the right to claim compensation from the pool should he suffer loss.（十六）

55、1.没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的，而任何根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained2.尽管错误的陈述是无意的，保险人还是受到欺骗，从而保险合同无效。Even though the mis-statement is unintentional, the underwriter will still be deceived and the policy

56、 voidable.3.将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同就是保险合同。A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred4.赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用再加上保险费再加上一个商订的百分比如10%。The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced cost plus freight, th

57、e insurance premium, and an agreed percentage, say 10%5.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司将不予赔偿。The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.6.每一份保险合同都需要有可保利益的支持，否则它就是无效的，任何根据此合同提出的索赔都不会受理。Every contract of insurance requires an insurable interes

58、t to support it, or otherwise it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained7.若两份保险单承保同一事件，两家保险公司将按比例分摊损失赔偿这恢复保险人损失部分。If two policies do cover the same event, the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss, and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position(十七)1.第一次世界大战以前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的评价。Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value2.1944年44国在美国布雷顿森林举行会议签署了协议，计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作。In 1944, 44 nations held a confer