英语语法---不定代词讲与练

1、英语语法-不定代词讲与练一、不定代词的用法1、定义：不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2、分类：英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neit

2、her等。3、 不定代词的句法功能1）作主语，例： Both（of us）are right Neither（of the answers）is correct2）作宾语，例： There is room for all of us If you have any，give us some3）作表语，例： Is that all you want to know？Im not somebody，Im nobody 我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒4）作定语，例：You may take either roadEverybodys business is nobodys business人人都管等

3、于没人管。（谚）5）作同位语，例：They both agreed to stay here We none of us said anything4、需要注意的问题（不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类，也是高考英语中最常考的一类，复习时应注意以下几点）：1）some和 any的比较不定代词some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中；而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.例： Tom has some picturebooks I have waited some timeHave you any questions？ There are

4、nt any pictures on the wall注意：在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。如： Will you lend me some money? Why dont you bring some flowers? 2）指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every，具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。如：He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。Were they all college students? 他

5、们都是大学生吗?注意：each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如：There are trees on each side of the road. 3）(a few 与 (a little。few和a few 后接复数名词，而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；而a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。如：He knew few of them. He sold only

6、 a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。He knew little about it. There is still a little left. 4） all, every, each的用法。从强调重点上看：all强调整体，every 强调总体中的所有成员(与all很接近，each则强调逐个逐个地；从用法上看：all和each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of短语；而every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语；从含义上看，each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each。如：All wa

7、s destroyed in the big fire Each of us has a book. All are present= Everyone is present.注意：（1）在表示“每个”、“全体”意思时，every的意思与all很接近。但一般情况下every和单数名词搭配，all和复数名词搭配。例： Every child enjoys Christmas All children enjoy Christmas (2 each也是“每一个”的意思，但与every不同，each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，着重于个别概念。例：Two men came into the room

8、 Each carried an umbrellaEach/Every book on this desk is worth reading5 other, the other, another, others的用法。指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用the other； 指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词或others(其后不接名词，若特指用the other (后接复数名词或the others(其后不接名词。如：Show me some others. Show me another. We should think of others. Where are the ot

9、her students? 注：another后一般要单数可数名词，若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰，则也可接复数名词。如：Ive got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟。6 no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与nobody 用法相似，均只用于指人不用于指物，且其后不能接of短语，用作主语时谓语用单数；而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词，则谓语可用单数(较正式也可用复数(用于非正式文体。如：No one Nobody has read it. None of

10、 this milk can be used. None of the films is are worth seeing. 7 复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，

11、后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点：(1 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。如：Tell us something interesting. There was nobody tired. (2 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如：If anybody anyone comes, ask him them to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。(3 anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一

12、般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (即分开写。8 one, that和it one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。one泛指任何人，可以在形容词和that，this等词后代替刚提过的可数名词，其所有格形式为ones，反身代词为oneself，复数形式为ones。(1 泛指“人”，如：One should be strict with oneself.人应该严格要求自己。(2 表示“一个人或物”，如：Chinese is one of the most useful l

13、anguages in the world.汉语是世界上最有用的语言之一。(3 代替上文己出现过的可数名词，如Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.我的钢笔丢了，我想买一枝新的。(4 the one和the ones表示特定的人或物，如：No film is as good as the one I saw last week.我上周看的电影最好。Students who do well in examinations are the ones who ask questions in class.考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。(5One前可以有

14、形容词修饰，这时它需带冠词或受形容词性的物主代词修饰，如：I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my hand.我有两个球，旧的在地板上，新的在我手里。He bought a new pen yesterday. His old one is broken.昨天他买了一支新钢笔，他那支旧的坏了。(6 one可用this，that，any，some，each，the，next，every，which等修饰，如：Here are two umbrellas，which one is yours？This o

15、ne or that one？这儿有两把伞，哪一个是你的？这个还是那个？(7one或ones带后置定语时，前面要加定冠词，如：Is this the one you want？这是你想要的那个吗？(8 one和it的区别，如： one和ones是泛指，表示同类中的任何一个或几个，it是特指，指代上文出现过的某一物。如： This book is a good one. May I borrow it？这是一本好书，我可以借它吗？比较I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bough

16、t is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物9）much和many的用法much和many都有“许多”的意思，much表示或修饰不可数名词，many表示或修饰可数名词。(1much或many多用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中常用a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of，quantities of 代替，much还可用a great deal of 代替，many还可用a（large）

17、number of代替。(2 much和many在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，many作主语时，谓语动词用复数，much作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：Many of the students did well this time.这次许多学生做得好。（作主语）Much of the time is free. 许多时间是空闲的。（作主语）I have much to say.我有许多话要说。（作宾语）I dont have much to do today.今天我没太多的事要做。（做宾语）Many people wanted to stay here.许多人想呆在这儿。（作定语）Theres m

18、uch water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。（作定语）(3 much可用作副词、作状语，表程度，如：The city is much larger than that one.这个城市比那个城市大多了。(4 be not much意为“不怎么样”，如：Ive visited the country and it is not much.我拜访过那个国家，并不怎么样。(5 much还可与too连用，构成“too much+不可数名词”短语，意为“太多的”如：There is too much noise in the classroom. 在教室里有太多嘈杂声。(6 much还

19、可与too连用，构成 much too“非常”副词词组，修饰形容词、副词，不修饰动词，如：Im much too busy to see visitors.我太忙，不能会见来访者。(7 “many a+可数名词单数”表示“许多”，如：Many a way has been tried.己试过不止一个方法了。(8 在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时，要用many of或much of结构，如：Many of my books are English.我的书大多是英语书。10）either和neither的用法Either指“两个人或物中的任何一个”，表示肯定意义，neither指“两个人或物中一

20、个也不，两者都不”表示否定意义。(1 这两个词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语，作主语时谓语动词用单数，如：Either of them has a pen. 他们两人都有一枝钢笔。（作主语）Neither is wrong.哪个都没错。（作主语）“Do you speak German or French？”“I dont speak either.”“你讲德语还是法语？”“这两种语言都不说。”（作宾语）Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。（作定语）I know neither of the two men.这两个人我一个也不认识。（作宾语）There are tree

21、s on either side of the road.路两旁有树。（作定语）(2 either可放在否定句的句尾，表示“也”，如：I dont know either.我也不知道。(3either修饰名词时，前面不用物主代词，表示代词或定冠词，可以说：either pen但不能说the either pen或either my pen。(4either用作代词时，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接复数名词，名词前要用一个物主代语、指示代词或定冠词，如：He doesnt like either of the two places.他不喜欢这两个地方中的任何一个。(5当either of

22、作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否定句和疑问句中，动词也常用复数，特别在口语中，如：Either of them is good enough.他们两个都足够好。I dont think either of them are at home.我认为他们俩都不在家。(6eitheror，意为“不是就是，或者或者”，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致，如：Either he or I am to blame.或者他或者我将受到责备。Is either he or you going to the cinema？他去看电影，还是你去呢？Are either yo

23、u or he going to the cinema？你去看电影，还是他去呢？二、不定代词练习1He cant hear you, because there is _ noise hereAvery muchBtoo muchCmuch tooDso many2_ name is Han Meimai. AHerselfBHersCSheDHer3All of us were invited, but _ of us cameAneitherBnoneCboth4The weather in Shanghai is different from _ ABaotouBBaotou weath

24、erCthat in BaotouDthose of Baotou5There isnt _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDthe6-Is this _ pen? -No, _ is on my desk.Ayour; myByours; myCyour; mineDyours; mine7The bottle is empty. There is _ in it.AanythingBsomethingCnothing8-Look! We have _ sugar. -Really? Lets go and buy some.AfewBa fewClittle

25、Da little9There isnt _ milk in the fridge. Youd better buy some.AnoBanyCsome10-“There isnt _ water here. Could you get _ for me?”-“All right.”Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some11Today, _ trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.Amuch tooBtoo muchCmany tooDtoo many12There are lots

26、of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.AbothBallCeveryDeach13Is the shirt on the bed _ ?AyoursByourCyou14Mr. Green taught _ English last year.AourBweCus15These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one.AotherBothersCthe othersDanother16Mary cant go with us. _ has to loo

27、k after _ mother at home.AShe; hisBShe; herCHe; herDHe; His17There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?Aany; someBany; anyCsome; someDsome; any18I often help _ .Ahe or sheBhis and herChim and herDhis and hers19There are some trees on _ side of the street.AbothBallCeitherDevery20“Wh

28、ich of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like _ , because theyre not useful.”AbothBeitherCallDneither21They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.AanyBsomeCnoneDneither22There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday.Amany; muchBmuch; muchCmuch; manyDmany; man

29、y23_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.AEach; everyBEvery; eachCEach; eachDEvery; every24Please keep together. We want _ of you to get lost.AnoneBsomeCmanyDany25There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a fewBfew; littleCfew; a

30、fewDlittle; a little26The skirt is _ . She made it _ .Ahers; herselfBher; herselfCherself; hersDherself; her27“Havent you forgotten _ ?”“ _ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”Aanything; Excuse meBsomething; Excuse meCsomething; PardonDeverything; Pardon28Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anythingBanythin

31、g importantCimportant somethingDsomething important29My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to do the housework.AlittleBfewCa littleDa few30- _ of the boys in Class Four are playing games.-_.AAllBEachCThe bothDNone31The boy promised _ mother never to lie to _ again.Ahis; himBher; herChe

32、r; himDhis; her32“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _ .”AmuchBa littleCa fewDlittle33_ school is much larger than _ .ATheir; ourBTheir; ours CTheirs; oursDTheirs; our34Put it down, Richard. You mustnt read _ letter. Aanyones elsesBanyones elseCanyone elsesDanyone else35He found _ very

33、 interesting to ride a horse. AthisBthatCitDwhich36Han Meimei, what about _ to eat?AeverythingBsomethingCnothingDanything37_ office is much smaller than _ .AOurs; yours BOur; yoursCTheirs; ourDYour; their38“Help _ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt said to me.AthemselvesBourselvesCyourselfDhimself39There a

34、re twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCothers Dother40Though they had cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it.AlittleBa littleCfewDa few 参考答案1Btoo much只能修饰不可数名词， much too 修饰形容词或副词， very much可修饰动词；many只能修饰可数名词，不能修饰不可数名词。2

35、Dher作物主代词，意为“她的”，注意her还可作she的宾格。3B句意：“我们都接到邀请，但我们谁没来。”none是all的反义词，表示“（三者以上的）没有一个（人或物）。”4Cthat作为代词。代替主语 weather. A项错误在于Baotou与前面的主语 weather不相对应，无法比较。代词that既可代替不可数名词，也可代替单数可数名词。5Aany用于疑问句和否定句，some用于肯定句。6Cyour是形容词性物主代词，只能作定语修饰名词； mine是名词性物主代词，可作主语、表语和宾语，但不能作定语。 7C空白处填nothing是与前一句的 empty相呼应、吻合的。8C从后一句“去买些糖”可知“糖不多了”。little的意思是“少”，有否定含义，只能修饰不可数名词， a little是“一点”，有肯定含义。few和a few是修饰或代替可数名词，前者否定，后者肯定。9B肯定句中用some，疑问句和否定句中用any。10D前一句是否定句，故用any ；后一句是说话者恳请别人做某事，希望对方同意，并认为对方能同意，故用some。11Dtoo much只能修饰不可数名词，too many只修饰可数名词；A项只修饰形容词或副词；C项本身就是错误的。12Devery和each都作“每一个”讲，但every只能作定语；each既