定语从句与名词性从句引导词的辨析PPT课件

1、定语从句与名词性从句的辨析 结合已做的练习来比较StructuresStructures定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句n+定从定从n/n.phr/Ss , +定从定从主从：主从：主从主从+V+其他其他 It作形式主语作形式主语宾从：宾从：Vt/prep/adj.+宾从宾从表从：表从：V系系(be)+表从表从同位从：同位从：n+同位从同位从引导词引导词关系代词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why连接词：连接词：that, whether/if连接代词：连接代词：what, which, who,

2、whom, whose, -ever关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why, how, as if/though, because定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句两种从句中两种从句中都有都有的两个引导词的比较的两个引导词的比较定从定从(限限): 关系代词，作成分，指人关系代词，作成分，指人/物物 名从名从: 连接词，不作成分，无含义连接词，不作成分，无含义 eg. She also claimed that she was hated by other women in the work place that were jealous of her beauty. (45-1

3、) eg. I cant forget the happy time that Ive spent with my classmates and teachers. (华普四华普四)eg. Jack is not the man that he was.定从定从 that 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语 作宾语作宾语 作表语作表语 eg. That the earth is round is true.eg. What kids should keep in mind is that in most cases, your parents can relate to what youre goi

4、ng through because they were teens once. (45-18)eg. Im pleased to learn that you are learning Chinese. (江南十校江南十校)eg. There is no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. (华普五华普五)名从名从在从句中不作成分在从句中不作成分 which 定从定从(限限): 关系代词，作成分，指物关系代词，作成分，指物 (单独单独)eg. This was my thanks to her and I handed her an i

5、nspiring smile card which mentioned to spread the kindness. (华普三华普三)eg. Now, I learn that small mistake as it is, it can destroy the whole plan which we work on. (分科综合卷二分科综合卷二)两种从句中两种从句中都有都有的两个引导词的比较的两个引导词的比较作主语作主语 作宾语作宾语 eg. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point. (华普四华普四)

6、eg. We can cook for ourselves, which is very exciting. (周报第二期周报第二期)eg. Do you still remember those books which I bought last week? You can choose which (one/book) you like best. which 定从定从(限限): 关系代词，作成分，指物关系代词，作成分，指物 (单独单独)名从名从: 连接代词，作成分连接代词，作成分(定语定语) (+n) (非限非限):关系代词，作成分，指物关系代词，作成分，指物/句子句子两种从句中两种从句

7、中都有都有的两个引导词的比较的两个引导词的比较 as 限限: 关系代词，作成分，指人关系代词，作成分，指人/物物 非限非限: 指代的先行词为整个句子指代的先行词为整个句子 eg. He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with. (总复习书总复习书P210) eg. He is such a lazy man that nobody wants to work with him. 两种从句中各自两种从句中各自特有特有的引导词的引导词定从定从状从状从作宾语作宾语 不作成分不作成分 非限非限 as which eg. The living st

8、andard of the people in China, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades. (总复习书总复习书P210) eg. The living standard of the people in China has improved over the past decades , as is shown in the report. eg. As is shown in the report, the living standard of the people in China has im

9、proved over the past decades. 位置，先行词，意义 aswhich位置主句前主句前/ /中中/ /后后主句后主句后先行词整个句子名词，名词短语，整个句子意义“正如正如, , 就像就像”“这这”whether 连接词，不作成分，连接词，不作成分，“是否是否” eg. It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (总复习书总复习书P216) 两种从句中各自两种从句中各自特有特有的引导词的引导词主从主从 how 连接副词，作状语连接副词，作状语eg. Mom often ph

10、ones me, asking how I am getting along with my studies. (总复习书总复习书216)两种从句中各自两种从句中各自特有特有的引导词的引导词 as if/though 引导表语从句，用陈述或虚拟语气引导表语从句，用陈述或虚拟语气eg. You look as if youve had a good time.eg. He looks as if he were from the Mars.两种从句中各自两种从句中各自特有特有的引导词的引导词as if/though 引导的表从常跟在特定的动词后，引导的表从常跟在特定的动词后，如如 seem, a

11、ppear, look, taste, sound, feel等等what 连接代词，作成分连接代词，作成分, “什么什么,什么事情什么事情/东西东西” eg. What is acceptable in one country may be considered extremely rude in another. (45-10)两种从句中各自两种从句中各自特有特有的引导词的引导词eg. After realizing what he had done, the driver didnt stop his car but drove away quickly. (华普三华普三)eg. I a

12、lso found that success is what satisfied me. (华普二华普二) .eg. I have no idea what I should do next.作主语作主语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 作宾语作宾语 名词性从句中几组易混引导词的辨析what that what which why because that what that eg. What kids should keep in mind is that in most cases, your parents can relate to what youre going through bec

13、ause they were teens once. (45-18)连接代词，作成分连接代词，作成分, “什么什么,什么事情什么事情/东西东西” 连接词，不作成分连接词，不作成分, 无含义无含义 作主语作主语 不做成分不做成分 what which eg. Youll know what side effect the medicine will bring about. (周报周报31)eg. You can choose which one you like best from these books.连接代词，作连接代词，作定语定语, +n 无范围无范围 连接代词，作连接代词，作定语定语

14、, +n 有明确范围有明确范围why because eg. I was late for class this morning. Thats because I hadnt caught the earliest bus.引导表语从句表原因引导表语从句表原因连接副词，不作成分连接副词，不作成分, “为什么为什么”，+结果结果 that 连接副词，不作成分连接副词，不作成分, “因为因为”，+原因原因 Reason作主句主语，表语从句引导词只能用作主句主语，表语从句引导词只能用that eg. I hadnt caught the earliest bus. Thats why I was l

15、ate for class this morning. eg. The reason why I was late for class this morning is that I didnt caught the earliest bus.原因原因 结果结果 结构相同，从句类型结构相同，从句类型与引导词的选择与引导词的选择1. _ (s) + V1+其他其他+V2+其他其他 _ + V1+其他其他 , S+V2+其他其他As eg. Therefore, what we need to do is recognize and revise our mistakes and learn fro

16、m them. (分科综合卷二分科综合卷二)eg. What he did was (to) wave at everyone who passed by. (分科综合卷三分科综合卷三)eg. What is important is that as the earth cooled down water began to appear on its surface. (总复习总复习P216)eg. As is known to us all, Mo Yan is a great writer.非限非限主从主从2. V+ _(从句从句)Vt+宾从宾从 / It +Vi+主从主从 eg. Now

17、, do you know who invented the potato chip? (45-9)eg. Word came that Mr. Obama would make a visit to China.Vi+同位从同位从 宾从宾从同位同位从从eg. It seems that she cant control herself well, just clicking constantly with the mouse. (45-15)3. prep+ _(从句从句)eg. Thank you for what youve said. (歙州学校歙州学校10月月考月月考)eg. Hav

18、e you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts? (2012上海上海)定从定从宾从宾从()()4. n+ _(从句从句)eg. There is no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. (华普五华普五)eg. So they looked around for a soccer club that/which would be able to do this for them. (45-8)定从定从同位同位从从定从与同位从的区别定从与同位从的区别被修饰词 性质上引导词 定从定从: 名词名词,代词代词,主句的一主句的一 部分或整部分或整个句子个句子同位从同位从: idea, fact, news等有一定内等有一定内涵的名词涵的名词定从定从: 相当于相当于adj，修饰限定先行词，修饰限定先行词同位从同位从:相当于相当于n, 说明或解释前面的抽说明或解释前面的抽象性名词象性名词定从定从:which 代替先行词代替先行词(单独单独)同位从同位从:有有