表面活性剂在造纸工业中的应用和发展英文文献翻译

1、 Surfactant in the paper industry in the use and development Ross, J. D Tracy Surfactants J. Detergent, 1998, 1:547-554 surfing Abstract: The surfactant Paper Chemicals 1 is an important part, is widely used in paper pulp, wet end, surface sizing, coating and wastewater treatment process. In recent

2、years, the world shortage of wood, waste paper recycling rate significantly improved, the strict environmental legislation that three factors, coupled with the development of various high-tech, paper-making equipment such as large, high speed, variety of paper and paperboard , upgrading can impact a

3、nd needs of a variety of innovative paper chemicals are constantly emerging, they enhance the paper's production, improve quality, reduce pollution and increase economic efficiency and so on all play a decisive role Key words: quality of paper chemical production China Paper Chemicals developmen

4、t and application of a late start, 70's and nearly empty. With rising living standards, people are increasingly demanding high quality paper, the growing demand for paper. In recent years, the sustained rapid development of China's paper industry, paper and paperboard in China in 2001 output

5、 reached 33.4 million tons, ranking third in the world, while consumption reached 37.58 million tons. And paper industry paper closely related to the development and application of chemicals has been a high degree of attention, according to China Paper Chemicals Industry Association analysis of the

6、preliminary investigation, "Ninth Five-Year" at the end the actual sales of paper chemicals in China about 25 million tons, to "15" at the end may reach 600,000 tons. Therefore, the Chinese paper chemicals industry is a promising sunrise industry, surface active agent in paper in

7、dustry applications will be more extensive 1. Paper Industry surfactantsAccording to the nature of surfactant, surface active agent in pulp and paper industry has a major role in accelerating steam penetration, deinking, washing, anti-static, soft, smooth, dispersion, emulsification and other effect

8、s. 1.1 Application in the Pulp The main raw material used for making paper from wood pulp fiber, non-wood fiber pulp and recycled fiber pulp, wood pulp and non-wood fiber pulp can be divided into machine grinding and chemical pulp, surfactant, mainly used in the cooking of slurry additives, mainly i

9、n the recycled fiber pulp used in paper deinking agent 2. 1.1.1 cooking additive Surfactants used for cooking additive, could promote the cooking liquid on the infiltration of fiber raw materials, increase cooking liquid on the timber or timber in the removal of lignin and resin, and resin from the

10、dispersion effect. Often join the penetrant has sulfosuccinatesstructural salt wetting agent T, wetting agent FC 3, butyl naphthalene sulfonate, etcRemoval of agent for resin anionic surfactants are sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4 polypropylene benzene sulfonate, alcohol sulfate, xylene sulfonat

11、e, condensation of naphthalene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, etc.; non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyether, etcNon-ionic surfactant removal resin to nonylphenol ethoxylates are most effect

12、ive, anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant mixture is better shared, can facilitate the removal of lignin and resin, can increase pulp yield. For example: Add the mass ratio of 1: 1 2 of xylene sulfonic acid and the condensation of naphthalene sulfonate and nonylphenol ethoxylates in the comple

13、x, you can receive a good effect resin removal 1.1.2 Deinking agent?Shortage of wood fiber in China in recent years, imports of waste paper has increased drastically in 1985 to 3 million tons in 1990 was 42 million tons to 90 million tons in 1995, has reached more than 250 million tons. Recycling of

14、 waste paper has drawn increasing attention. Waste paper recovery and waste paper in the paper's share of the rapidly rising raw material, waste paper deinking rapid increase in dosage. Deinking principle is: use of surfactants to make fiber and ink moist, penetration, expansion, emulsifying, fo

15、aming, coagulation, after the capture, washing the ink removed. The deinking agent used by the surfactant and inorganic pharmaceutical composition, or a variety of surface active agent complex material. Waste paper deinking agent as the major anionic surfactants: fatty acid salts, sulfonate, sulfate

16、, phosphate salts, sulfosuccinate; cationic type: ammonium salt, quaternary ammonium salt; gender type: Betaine , imidazoline, amino acid; non-ionic: alkoxy compounds, polyol amine, fatty acid alkyl esters, alkanol amides, alkyl glycosides. Surfactant choices as the printed conditions and deinking p

17、rocess may be 1.2 Application of Wet?After the pulping process, known as the sheet before drying wet paper 4, add in the wet end chemicals known as wet chemicals, chemicals in the wet there are many surfactants?1.2.1 Sizing ?Sizing is important to wet chemicals, its role is to be water resistant pap

18、er and board performance, mostly for writing, printing, packaging and construction paper and cardboard. Sizing mainly synthetic rosin sizing agent and sizing agent types. My paper is lagging behind the development and application sizing agent, rosin sizing agent before most of the saponification and

19、 the use of maleic anhydride obtained to strengthen the addition of rosin sizing agent. Developed in recent years as the dispersion of rosin, dispersed rosin with anionic and cationic dispersed rosin, etcDispersed rosin emulsifier and dispersing agent are surfactants and selected surface active agen

20、t is dispersed rosin preparation of the key, commonly used are anionic, cationic and amphoteric ion type and so on. China is currently the greatest amount of anion dispersed rosin, used as an emulsifier for Ethoxylates, such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 2 - Hydroquinone -3 - wit

21、h polyoxyethylene styrene phenol 2 propylene sulfonate, 2 - hydroxy -3 - Nonylphenoxy polyoxyethylene propylene sulfonate, etcSome use of polyacrylamide, polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin cationic starch cationic emulsifier such as cationic dispersed rosinSynthetic sizing agent, alkyl ketene dimer

22、 mainly alkyketenedimmer referred to as AKD 5 and alkenyl succinic anhydride alkenysuccinicanhydride referred to as ASA. Because these two types of sizing agents contain active groups that can react with the fiber to retain the hydroxyl in the fiber, it also called reactive sizing agent. As such siz

23、ing to accommodate the higher pH conditions pH 7.5 8.5, calcium carbonate can be used for filling low-cost, improve paper strength, whiteness, to improve the papermaking performance was welcomed by the paper industry. More than 50% in developed countries have achieved high-grade paper, the alkaline

24、papermaking. China since 1989 to introduce a neutral paper-making chemicals and technology, has been the gradual localization and spread rapidly in the high-grade paper, AKD, ASA itself does not dissolve in water, needed paired emulsion emulsifier, emulsifier commonly used in AKD senior fatty acids

25、and high paper consisting of esters and alcohols using cationic starch, cationic fatty acid amide or amine compounds, the number of carbon atoms 9 and 32, one aliphatic carboxylic acid, 4 to 10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or other carboxyl acid lanolin, etc. and poly alkyl amines and support single

26、halogenated hydrocarbon reaction of cationic polymers; high fatty acid esters and diols number of carbon atoms between 8 and 18 of the higher alcohol or fatty acid polyoxyethylene octyl phenol or nonyl amine compounds, phenol and cationic polymer; sucrose fatty acid ester monoester, diester or three

27、 ester mixture; and certain anionic surfactants such as naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, lignosulfonate, etc 1.2.2 Resin control agents?After treatment, the pulp pulp bleaching process in the resin will precipitate the residual, if not separated sludge will form a sticky, adhere to equ

28、ipment, machine copper mesh, felt and dryer, causing a paper barrier, affecting normal papermaking, paper will produce disease. Also extensively used in the paper today, the adhesive paper, ink adhesion materials, adhesives and other resin coating substance will have the same impact Pitch papermakin

29、g. Therefore, research and development of resin barrier control agents have become increasingly important. According to reports, the global paper barrier resins and sediment control agent 6 sales of 310 million U.S. dollars. Pitch control agents commonly used are inorganic fillers such as talcum pow

30、der, etc., fungicides, surfactants, chelating agents, cationic polymers, lipase and membrane separation agent, while the most commonly used is the surface active agent, "anionic surfactant agent is the most widely used surfactant, it has higher alcohol sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid and h

31、igher alcohols, phosphate and so on. cationic surfactants are mainly quaternary ammonium salt or alkyl amine. non-ionic surfactants agent mainly of polyethylene glycol and polyols such type. In addition, there are a variety of diverse gender surfactant complexes. remover is also a resin control agen

32、ts to control the dryer and the adhesive force between the sheet, lubrication scraper, dryer, control adhesive distribution. mainly polyamide polymer emulsion, such as polyvinyl alcohol emulsion, mineral oil and surfactant with the spray silicone emulsion and cationic polyamine polyamide polymers 1.

33、2.3 defoamerPaper-making raw materials as with varnish, soap substances, in cooking, washing, bleaching, beating and other processes, easy blistering, if the adverse consequences of severe blistering pulp Section of direct interference will reduce the washing effect; Papermaking Section of the bubbl

34、e will cause a short paper, spots and other issues; coating of paint blistering, so that there was no paint on paper coating process of scar called fish eyes to affect the printing quality; papermaking white water if severe blistering, shall be discharged, and then add fresh water, resulting in fibe

35、r damage and pollution problems; sewage bubble layer will affect the water and air contact, preventing the oxygenation affect the wastewater treatment process. The main active component compound defoamer is a high-carbon alcohol, polyether, amide, fatty acid ester, silicone polymer, usually dubbed t

36、he oil-water emulsion. Part of the bubble on the pulp is generally used in two-stearamide and ethylene hydrophobic silicone; paper part of the foam is generally used in polyethylene glycol and fatty alcohol derivatives 1.2.4 antistatic agentIn the special coated paper production static problems some

37、times encountered with liquid surfactant treatment can have hydrophilic outer surface, that is, as the antistatic agent of surfactant adsorption in the material being formed on the surface, the hydrophobic material surface, hydrophilic group toward the space, fiber-ion conductivity and electrical co

38、nductivity increased moisture, resulting in discharge phenomenon, the surface resistance decreased, thereby preventing static electricity accumulated 7. Antistatic agents for use as surfactants have greater hydrophobic and hydrophilic strong. Use the most, the best performance is cationic surfactant

39、, amphoteric surfactant followed 1.2.5Fiber DispersantsThe main function of fiber dispersant is to reduce fiber flocculation, to improve paper forming. Fiber dispersion agent can form a bilayer surface of the fiber structure, the outer polar dispersant and water have a stronger affinity, increasing

40、the degree of wetting by water, and because of electrostatic repulsion and away from, to the effect of dispersion, dispersant commonly used fibers are partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide PAM, polyethylene oxide PEO, etc., PEO has high viscosity, good water solubility, and good lubrication characteri

41、stics in high-grade toilet paper with 0.05% or less, can achieve good dispersion1.3 The application in other areas1.3.1 blanket cleaning agentMachine in the production process, blankets are easy to adhere small fibers, fillers, resins, etc., causing holes to plug, especially the use of waste paper p

42、ulp and straw pulp, blanket of pollution is more serious, paper-making point of impact resulting from opaque paper quality, cause downtime, reduce the service life blanket, blanket cleaning agents must be used?Blanket cleaning agents commonly used are acid cleaning, alkaline cleaning agents and solv

43、ent-cleaning type. Main ingredient is anionic, nonionic surfactant and dispersing agent, including: amino acid, phosphate ester, alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylate ether, alkyl alcohol amide so1.3.2 Sewage treatment agent?Pulp and paper effluent generated a large volume of paper indus

44、try is an important issue of environmental protection. Many sewage treatment methods, use of surfactants in recent years as a flocculant achieved significant results. Flocculants are commonly used sodium laurate, sodium stearate and other anionic surfactants and dodecyl amine acetate, stearyl trimet

45、hyl ammonium nitride and other cationic surfactants, various ions PAM, starch Their combined products also have dramatic results. Cationic surfactants in wastewater treatment, the bacteria can also play a significant role 4. Conclusion?In summary, the surface active agent in the pulp and paper indus

46、try, wet end, surface sizing and coating processing, and all have a very wide range of applications. With the rapid development of China's paper industry. Paper Chemicals as a new field of fine chemicals, has been included in the development of national key high and new technology. China is a pa

47、per-making power, it must be the development of papermaking chemicals, power. Paper chemicals as an important component of surfactant, in the paper industry will play an increasingly important role References: 1.Pople J A , Beverridge DL. Approximation molecule orbital theory MNew York : McGraw - Hi

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49、o P, The interfacial tension between oil andGemini surfactant solutionJ. Surface Science, 2004, 552: L53。 5.Han L, Chen L,Luo L. Viscosity behavior of cationic Gemini surfactants with long alkyl chainsJ. Surface Science, 2004, 564: 141。 6.Okano T, Detergent composition having low skin irritabilityP.

50、 US 5681803, 1997。 表面活性剂在造纸工业中的应用和发展 罗斯,JD特雷西 双子表面活性剂J。洗涤剂,1998,1:547-554冲浪 摘要: 表面活性剂是造纸化学品1的重要组成部分,广泛应用于造纸制浆、湿部、表面施胶、涂布以及废水处理等过程。近年来,由于世界木材紧缺,废纸再生率大大提高,严格的环保立法这三方面的因素,加上各种高新技术的发展,如造纸设备的大型化、高速化,纸与纸板多样化、高档化的影响和需求,各种新颖的造纸化学品正不断涌现,它们对提高造纸的产量、改善质量、降低污染以及提高经济效益等方面均起着举足轻重的作用。 关键词:造纸化学产量 质量 中国造纸化学品的开发应用起步较

51、晚,70年代还几乎空白。随着物质生活水平不断提高,人们对纸张质量要求越来越高,对纸张的需求量越来越大。近年来我国造纸工业持续高速发展,2001年我国纸和纸板产量达3340万吨,居世界第三位,而消费总量达3758万吨。与造纸工业密切相关的造纸化学品的开发和应用已得到高度重视,根据中国造纸化学品工业协会初步调查分析,“九五”末我国造纸化学品实际销量约25万吨,到“十五”末有可能达到60万吨。因此中国造纸化学品行业是一个很有发展前景的朝阳行业,表面活性剂在造纸工业中的应用将越来越广泛。 1 造纸工业用表面活性剂 根据表面活性剂的性质,表面活性剂在制浆造纸中的主要作用有加速蒸煮渗透、脱墨、洗涤、抗静电

52、、柔软、润滑、分散、乳化等作用。 1.1 在制浆中的应用 造纸用纤维原料主要来自于木浆、非木材纤维浆以及再生纤维浆,木浆和非木材纤维浆又可分为机磨浆和化浆,表面活性剂在化浆中主要用作蒸煮助剂,在再生纤维浆中主要用作废纸脱墨剂2。 1.1.1 蒸煮助剂 表面活性剂用作蒸煮助剂,可以促进蒸煮液对纤维原料的渗透,增进蒸煮液对木材或非木材中木质素和树脂的脱除,并起分散树脂的作用。常加入的渗透剂有磺化琥珀酸酯盐渗透剂T、润湿剂FC3、丁基萘磺酸钠等。用作树脂脱除剂的阴离子表面活性剂有十二烷基苯磺酸钠、四聚丙烯苯磺酸钠、脂肪醇硫酸钠、二甲苯磺酸、缩合萘磺酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠等;非离子表面活性剂有烷

53、基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、聚醚等。用非离子表面活性剂脱树脂时,以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚最为有效,阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的复配共用效果更好,既可促进木质素和树脂的脱除,又能提高纸浆收率。例如:添加质量比为1:12的二甲苯磺酸和缩合萘磺酸钠与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的复合物,即可收到良好的树脂脱除效果。 1.1.2 废纸脱墨剂 我国木材纤维紧缺,近年来废纸进口量急增,1985年为3万吨,1990年为42万吨,1995年增加到90多万吨,目前已达到250多万吨。废纸的回收利用越来越引起人们的重视。废纸回收率和废纸在造纸原料中的占有率迅速提高,废纸脱墨剂用量迅速增加。废纸脱墨的原理是:借助表面活性剂使纤维与油墨湿润、渗透、膨胀、乳化分散、发泡、絮凝,后捕集、洗涤将油墨除去。常用的脱墨剂是由表面活性剂与无机药品组成,或是多种表面活性剂的复配物。作为废纸脱墨剂的主要表面活性剂有阴离子型:脂肪酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸酯盐、磺基琥珀酸酯;阳离子型:胺盐、季铵盐;两性型:甜菜碱、咪唑啉、氨基酸;非离子型:烷氧基化