托福写作提分系统训练

1、托福写作提分如何系统科学的训练写作训练方法1-5 篇 不限时写作 结构完整 300 字以上6-10 篇 1 小时 350 字以上 结构完整要求：检查语法、拼写错误跑题、表达不清问题11-20 篇 半小时 400 字以上要求：检查语法、拼写错误跑题、表达不清问题润饰文章理由不能太具体 否则不容易展开 要擅于利用 “万金由 ”各个理由的关系，必须是并列关系，排列顺序由段落长短来决定。开头 1 背景 +论题 +各方观点的理由 +作者论点和理由背景 +论题 +反方观点 +(反方理由 )+过渡 +作者观点 +作者理由开头段写理由的好处怎样写背景：提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象(紧扣论题 )作为背景从远到

2、近，由大到小，谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景官方、权威数据，调查研究结果开头 2 事例 +论题 +各方观点 (和理由 )+作者理由和论点 媒体 (电视、电台、报纸、杂志和网络)的报道 朋友、邻居、同事的故事开头 3 问题 +论题 +各方观点 (和理由 )+作者论点和理由把背景用问题方式提出连续提问 (煽情式提问 )开头 4 “引语 ”+论题 +各方观点 (和理由 )+作者论点和理由主题句必须是陈述句 必须表面观点 不要直接写事实 由观点到事实态度必须坚决 每段都要有主题句通常位于段首或段末结尾总结全文 (论点 +各方观点 )+重述论点和理由 +提出建议 / 解决问题 / 深化意义把对方的优点移

3、植到己方，把己方的观点消灭掉，提出实施方案和注意事项深化意义 =展望未来 +对国家社会的好处黄金规则一 The longer, the better 每一个论点都要有理由 每一个理由都要有例子 每一个例子都要有细节黄金规则二 -“万金由 ”黄金规则三 重述语意的技巧使用同义词进行替换使用同根词进行替换Oppose-oppositionBuild-buildingAnnounce-announcementExplain-explanation使用短语进行替换(Support) argue for/vote for/be in favor of(Oppose) argue against/vote

4、 against/object to/be opposed to使用全新的表达法进行替换A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near the community.-a large factory is supposed to built near the community according to the announcementissued by a company.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on y

5、our community.-There is a growing awareness of both the positive and negative influences that theconstruction plan brings to our community.黄金规则四 -黄金句型 priceless sentence patterns超酷超炫超难句型大比拼注意：主题句 尽可能 2-1 格式 细节提升每个段落开头1. 强调句 (1-2)2. The more ,the more-2)(1The more frequently we communicate with famil

6、y members, the more harmonious therelationship in the family between us is.(只要涉及交流都可以用 )3. 倒装句 (2-3) So that 以.至于So big is the classroom that it may hold ten thousand people.So fast doeshe run that the train couldn t catch up with him. As as(more than 比较)结构I run as fast as he did-I run as fast as di

7、d he. 表示地点、位置、范围、处所的状语或表语提前至句首My sister is among those students.-Among those students is my sister. 分词或形容词短语提前至句首主语 (+定语 )+be+形容词 / 过去分词 / 不及物动词现在分词 +介词 +名词主语 (+定语 )+be+及物动词现在分词 +n.E.g. Contrary to/coincident with the opinion of many people is my heartfelt (忠心的 ) objectionto/agreement with the idea

8、that students should study together with classmates.Those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of success aresatisfied with/contented with/interested in/worried about/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job.-Satisfied with/contented with/inte

9、rested in/worriedabout/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job are those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of successArguing for those students living outside the campus are those people who hold the opinion that independence is the most c

10、ritical characteristic of a university student 形容词 +though/as+主语 +谓语 +主句Rich though he is, he is unhappy.Though the advantages (that owning a business enjoys/leads to/results in) are considerable/wonderful/numerous, they can not compete with the benefits (that working for others brings about/causes)

11、, when/if responsibility is taken into consideration/deliberation/account.Though the advantages that living in outside the campus enjoys are considerable, they can not compete with the benefits that living in inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken intoconsideration.(通常用在第一段的最后一句话提出文章论点

12、和理由，2-1 文章的承上启下部分或文章的结尾 ) - considerable though the advantages that living in outside thecampus enjoys are, they can not compete with the benefits that living in inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken into consideration. 表示否定的副词或短语 +助动词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分No/not/never/Neither/nor/ ( 全部否定 )se

13、ldom/rarely/barely/scarcely/hardly( 部分否定 )Never will I form an idea that bicycles affect human beings life style most profoundly amtransportation means. Only+ 状语置于句首 +助动词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分Only though this crisis do I understand that you love me best in the world.3. 比较结构和倍数关系 (1-2)As asA is five times as

14、 big as BA is five times bigger than BA is five times the size of B.4. 修辞问句 (1-2)When human beings enjoy their happy life, isn t it necessaryve thatsometheyconsiderationgi tothose cute animals without enough playing ground?When those people enjoy their happy life outside campus, isn t it necessary t

15、hat they giveconsideration to the great opportunities with their classmates if they live inside campus?When those people enjoy convenience brought by automobiles, isn t it necessary that they gsome consideration to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely (had) in the car a

16、ccidents?When people enjoy the convenience brought the construction plan, isn t it necessary that theygive some consideration to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely or die in the car accident because of the traffic jam after the construction of the factory?5. 并列结构 (2-3

17、)Teaching machines are devices that can store instructional information, present displays, receive response from a learner, and act on those responses.6. 虚拟语气 阐述各种假定的恶劣后果时，可以使用虚拟语气。If we built a factory in our community, there would be much pollution. 表示建议时，可以使用虚拟语气。I suggest he (should) go now 论及不太

18、可能会实现或不可能会实现或不希望会实现的事情时，可以使用虚拟语气。7. 插入语 (2-3 次 )重要的插入语列举：l indeed， surely， (however，nevertheless，nonetheless，admittedly, notwithstanding) 转折，意思完全一样 , obviously， besides, furthermore, briefly, similarly,l honestlyfranklygenerally (speaking)，naturally， luckilyfortunately ，astonishingly, conversely, un

19、deniably, undoubtedlyl strange to say， needless to say， most important of all ， worse of alll in sumshort summary ， in other words ， in a sense， in general， in my viewopinionjudgment ，l in consequence, in conclusionl in the first place，in additionl On the contrary, in contrastl to my joydelightsatis

20、faction surpriseastonishmentamazement regret disappointment，l of course,l for instanceexample,l in fact, as a matter of factl to be sure， to sum up， to tell the truth, to start with ，l I am sure， I believewondersuppose ， it seems， as I see it， what is important (serious)， I m afraid， it is said语言的雕琢

21、聪明的 clever brilliant smart intelligent wise genius bright talented gifted quick-witted quick-minded ingenious非常 very extremely extraordinarily highly unusually pretty considerably remarkably amazingly astonishingly surprisingly impressively noticeable notably著名的 well-known famed noted celebrated ren

22、owned eminentEnjoy a nation-wide/world-wide fame/name/recognition/Celebrity/eminence /reputation be widely recognized acknowledged关于 regarding concerning involving as regards relating to with respect to with regard to with reference to with relation toE.g.: Concerning this issue, as far as I am conc

23、erned,I think you are very famous and cleverFrom my point of view, you are extraordinarily well-known and intelligent.文章中禁止使用的项目About ,get ,famous, clever, very, lovely, good, bad, big, many, important在每个名词前，试图加上一个形容词;在每个形容词前，试图加上一个副词词汇选择的标准UnderstandableAcceptableCorrect e.g. a slim/ample opportuni

24、ty take care of yourselfPlaywright(剧作家 )Gain/obtain/accumulate/acquire knowledge( 获得知识 )AppropriateExactIdiomatic(合乎语言习惯的 )Interesting段落的实现例证法 每个理由后面必须同时有例子每篇文章至少两个例子提出论点 -列举事例 -分析事例 -得出结论 -(重述论点 )我认为 -因为我觉得 -比如说 -你看举例之后 一定要强调这样的例子不胜枚举。Abraham Lincoln因果法 提出论点 -原因 -分析条件 (如果这样会有什么好处/ 坏处，而这正是我们所需要/ 担心的

25、 )-得出结果Lead to/result inresult fromBecause of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by reason of/on account ofFor 表示 “因为 ”时不能放在句首Because/for/since/asAs a result/outcome/consequence ofIn consequence/in the end/consequentlyTherefore/thereby/hence/thus( 副词 )So(连词 ) 比较对照法 (整体、分项比较 )整体比较的好处：写起来容易整体印象完整 缺点：两者对比不鲜明分项比

26、较的好处：两者对比特别鲜明缺点：零碎的印象，大量的重复Interweave 交织 分类法 / 并列法总论点分论点一在 A方面在B方面在 C方面分论点二分论点三定义法衔接手段使用连接词和短语 (表示并列、转折、递进、因果、比较、对照、举例)使用代词使用语意粘连举例：同意建工厂常用词汇和结构表示第一项Firstly, to begin/start with, first of all, in the first place, on the one hand, the most important reason is, first and foremost另一项 secondly, in the second place, on the other hand, besides, further more, additionally, in addition, moreover, equally important is, also, too, another最后一项 last but not the least, most important of all, finally, thirdly, another point/reason题型分类：观点选择 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要