高考第一轮复习——非谓语动词解题指导、强调句型解题指导(1)

1、年 级高三学 科英语版 本人教版内容标题非谓语动词解题指导；强调句型解题指导编稿老师王琳【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：1. 非谓语动词解题指导2. 强调句型解题指导要点总结与典型例题：非谓语动词解题指导（一）非谓语动词形式做定语：（五种形式）1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被.的人/事 5. 被修饰名词+ to do 短语：要做的事 / 要做某事的人在非限定定语中，还可以用having done / havin

2、g been done 做定语。He was a short man, walking with a disproportionately long stride, which cause him to roll like a logger making into a head wind.In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.（二）分词做状语 做

3、时间，原因，条件，让步等状语；（四种形式）Doing 短语，主句（主语+谓语） 当时， / 由于/ 如果 Done 短语，主句（主语+谓语） 当/由于/如果被Having done短语，主句（主语+谓语） 已经之后Having been done短语，主句（主语+谓语） 已经被之后Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesi

4、ck.Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.注意：如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，则分词短语的主语（名词）应放在分词前面。Time permitting, well call on our teacher.Work finished, he prepared to return home.（三）做伴随，结果，目的状语（doing / done 形式）He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew agains

5、t the wall.At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.（四）with结构：with/without+名词+ doing 短语done短语to do 短语介词短语/副词Tom went away, without a word spoken.The silent was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.With them helping us

6、, we can do it better.解题指导：分词做状语的形式在单选题中常见的形式就是选择分词的种类（doing/done）以及他们的形式（完成式，被动式）。所以作题时一定要在理解句意的基础上，弄清分词动作与主句主语的关系和时间顺序。有些题要注意选项部分是主句的伴随状语还是前面句子的连续动作。【典型例题】1. The Olympic Games , _in 776 BC, didnt included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first p

7、laying分析：C 公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，知道1912年才容纳女运动员。_in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。 2. The houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. builtB. to be builtC. to buildD. being built分析：B 根据句意房子即将开工。_ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The ho

8、uses。The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。 3. Hearing the news, he hurried out, _ book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie openD. left; lying opened分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在远方，让他得书还打开着放在桌上。hurried out和disappeared是连续的动作。而_ book _ on the table则是伴

9、随的动作。答案：B4. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled分析：With a lot of difficult problems _ 意思是“有这么多难题要解决，”因此使用with+名词+to do 形式。 答案：B5. He turned and went to sleep again, _ that it was still early.A. to t

10、hinkB. and thoughtC. thinkingD. thought分析：turn，go 与think是主语发出的三个动作。而think根据句意应在其他两个动作之前。而且与其他两个动作具有因果关系。“因为觉得天还早，他翻个身又睡了。答案为C6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacking in分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lack of（缺乏）与主语his parents为主动关系。

11、强调句型解题指导在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。It is/was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning.It was on my way to school that I saw John this mornin

12、g.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much.5. It was t

13、he kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so. 6. What is it that Joe cant find in the bathroom ?解题指导：强调句的考察往往混入定语从句或名词性从句的内容：即考察复合句的连词；关系代词和强调句的连接词that1. 注意强调句型与主语从句的辨别。2. 在单选题中强调句中的强调部分带有定语从句，在题中考察关系词和强调句连词that。对这样的题，注意分析句子结构。【典型例题】1. It was only when I reread his poem rec

14、ently _ I began to appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so分析：选择B本题考查强调句型的用法。“只有在我最近重新读了他的诗作，我才开始欣赏到这些诗的美丽。 2. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood.A. which; thatB. that; whereC. which; whichD. that; which分析：选择A本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中：“_ was

15、 built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house _ was built with stones by his father。根据句意：他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。 3. It was in the stone house _ was built as a school by local villagers _ the boy finished his rpimary school.A. which; thatB. that; whereC. which; whichD. that; which分析

16、：选择A _ was built as a school by local villagers作为定语从句修饰the stone house；地；第二个空是强调句的连接词。4. Could it be in the room we had a talk last night you left your key ?A. that ; where B. where ; when C. where ; that D. in which ; where 分析：选择C we had a talk last night是定语从句修饰the room；后半部分是强调句的连接词that引导的句子主干。5. I

17、t was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that; whatB. that; thatC. when; thatD. when; what分析：选择A 前一空是强调句的主干，被强调部分是not until dark；而_ he thought是found的宾语从句中的主语，由what引导。【模拟试题】单项选择：1. Hey, Sharon, shall we meet next week?Lets _ it next Friday. Is that all

18、right for you?A. meet B. make C. do D. gather2.The murderer tried to run away from the police but he_ in getting caught again.A. ended up B. burst into C. broke up D. started up3. With everything finished, they sat down to enjoy _ they called a most delicious dinner.A. that B. what C. which D. it4.

19、Having been out of work for a year, Smith is now making his _ by collecting waste paper.A. money B. life C. information D. living5. We decided not to climb the mountain because it was raining _.A. badly B. strongly C. heavily D. hardly6. Why didnt he go to work?It was only _ it was raining _ he stay

20、ed at home.A. since; so B. as; what C. for; that D. because; that7. What are you looking for?I cant remember where I _ my book.A. left B. leave C. had left D. was leaving8.It seems to be clearing up._. Im afraid it will turn out a wet day.A. Great B. Go ahead C. I dont think so D. Im terribly sorry.

21、9. Turner kept himself strong enough to work sixteen hours a day while spending as little as possible _ he could save enough money for his child.A. in case B. if only C. so that D. as though10. If she doesnt tell me the truth, I will keep on asking her until she _.A. does B. has done C. will do D. t

22、ells11. Rose tried to find a book on space travel but the bookstore she went to didnt have _.A. it B. one C. that D. the one12. Allen was advised to give the work to _ he believed had a strong sense of responsibility.A. whom B. whoever C. whomever D. those完型填空：Tim Becker and his neighbors are doing

23、something to make their neighborhood a trouble-free area.When Tim Becker gets in his car to go shopping, he doesnt 1 drive to a store and back home. He always looks 2 and down the streets of his neighborhood. He looks for anything 3 such as strange cars, loud noises, 4 windows, or people gathering o

24、n street corners.Tim 5 to a neighborhood watch group in Stoneville, Indiana, USA. The neighborhood watch group 6 on the third Wednesday of every month. That's 7 Tim gets together with about ten of his neighbors to discuss community 8 . Members of the neighborhood watch group want to help the pol

25、ice 9 their homes, streets and families safe.Tina Stedma, president of 10 neighborhood watch group, agrees with Tim.“People seem to think that crime happens to other people but not 11 them. Well, its never happened to me,” she said, “but I dont think anyone has the 12 to steal from other people ol,

26、to make them feel 13 sitting in their own homes.”Alex, a member of the group, said that all the neighbors 14 out for one another. “We 15 each others homes. We keep watch on the neighborhood at night and on weekends. Usually a 16 of four or five of us goes out together. If something doesnt look right

27、, then we call the 17 . For example, if we notice a group of teenagers who seem to be looking for 18 , or someone destroying property（财产）, we report to the police.”Alex feels the neighborhood watch groups 19 a lot in keeping crime down. Her husband Jim agrees, “Police are good people, but they can&#

28、39;t do 20 ”1. A. yet B. still C. just D. rather2. A. carefully B. clearly C. nervously D. coldly3. A. familiar B. unusual C. expensive D. interesting4. A. curtained B. open C. old D. broken5. A. attends B. belongs C. goes D. turns6. A. meets B. quarrels C. sings D. searches7. A. where B. why C. whe

29、n D. how8. A. politicsB. wealthC. healthD. safety9. A. keep B. hold C. let D. protect10. A. its B. his C. their D. your11. A. round B. on C. about D. to12. A. fight B. chance C. courage D. mind13. A. unlucky B. unsafe C. disappointed D. discouraged14. A. set B. let C. hold D. look15. A. care B. ente

30、r C. watch D. manage16. A. group B. set C. number D. crowd17. A. judges B. police C. firemen D. doctors'18. A. work B. burden C. service D. trouble19. A. produce B. find C. get D. help20. A. anything B. everything C. harm D. wrong阅读理解：For the first time in modern history, less than half of the U

31、. S. adult population now reads literature, according to a recent survey. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in American presents a detailed review of the decline of readings role in the nations culture.Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in adult literary leading. The data so

32、urce for Reading at Risk is as reliable and objective（客观的）as any such survey can be. The key results of the survey are presented in the “Summary” ,but the report can be further explained as: literary reading in America is not only declining rapidly among all groups, but the rate of decline has been

33、speeded up, especially among the young. Reading at Risk merely shows a great cultural change that most Americans have already notedour society's great turn to electronic media for entertainment and information.Reading a book requires a degree of active attention and devotion. Indeed, reading its

34、elf is a progressive skill that depends on years of education and practice: On the contrary, most electronicmedia such as television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences, and indeed often require no more than passive participation. While oral culture has a rich reality and el

35、ectronic media offer the considerable advantages of variety, print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused attention and thought that make various communications Indeed, and views possible. The dechne in reading, therefore, equals a larger retreat（减少）from participation in public and cultural

36、life.What is to be done? There is surely no single solution to the present problem, just as there is no single cause. The important thing now is to understand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.Reading is not a timeless, common ability. As more Americans lose this

37、 ability, our nation becomes less informed, active, and independent minded. These are not qualities that a free, inventive, or productive society can afford to lose.1. The main purpose of the survey is to _.A. focus on the role of electronic media and readingB. show that American young people read l

38、ess and lessC. give a report of the national fashion of literary readingD. review that less than half of the population now reads literature2. According to the passage, reading _.A. requires less attention and devotionB. demands no more than passive participationC. limits various communications and

39、viewsD. means active participation in public and cultural life3. The underlined phrase “cultural change” in Paragraph 2 refers to the change _.A. from oral culture to electronic mediaB. from print culture to electronic mediaC. from electronic media to oral cultureD. from electronic media to print cu

40、lture4. The author of the passage _.A. misunderstands oral cultureB. doubts the results of the surveyC. encourages the Americans to read moreD. agrees to the solution to the present problem in reading短文改错Last night when Steven and I was having a walk in the 1. _ street, we suddenly heard a painful c

41、ry for help under 2. _ a tree nearby. We quickly ran to the tree and found a boy laying 3. _ on the ground with a stick in his leg. He had fallen of the tree. 4. _ Steven suggested we pulled the stick out at once, but I disagreed, 5. _ Because I had learned little about first aid at school. The stic

42、k 6. _ in the leg would help controlling the bleeding. As there was 7 . _ no telephone, we managed to find a taxi. We took the boy to the 8. _ hospital. The doctors examined the boy fast and we got to 9. _ know where the boy lived. So we telephoned his parents and left after he came to the hospital.

43、 We did a good deed. 10. _【试题答案】单项选择：1. B make it：把时间定在时候2. A end up：最终结果是3. B what they called a most delicious dinner是what引导的宾语从句；what表示：他们称之为的4. D 固定短语：make ones living ：谋生5. C heavily 修饰雨下得很大。6. D 强调句，被强调部分是：only because it was raining; 7. A 考查时态：我记不清我把书落在哪里了。把书落在哪这个动作指过去发生的事。应用过去时。8. C I dont t

44、hink so表示不同意对方的看法认为会下雨。9. C so that引导结果状语从句，表示：他每天工作16个小时而花费很少，以便于为他的孩子省出更多的钱。10. A 助动词does指代前面提到的tells me the truth.11. B one 泛指前文说的a book on space12. B whoever引导的名词从句做to 的宾语。表示：他认为拥有很强的责任心的任何人。完型填空：1. C just在这里等于merely“仅仅”。从下文看，Tim是社区治安队队员，他开车买东西时，不只是去商店，然后回家。yet“然而”；still“仍然”；rather“相当”。 2. A 从上下

45、文可知，Tim是治安联保队队员。他在开车买东西时，仔细地观察周围的情况，以便发现问题。clearly“清楚地”；nervously“紧张地”；coldly“冷静地”。3. B unusual为“异常的”，只有发生了不正常的事才表明出现了问题，如陌生的车辆、大的噪音、破碎的窗子或者人们聚集在街头角落里等。A项表示，“熟悉的”，C项“昂贵的”和D项“有趣的”，都与文章不符。 4. D 拉上窗帘的窗户（curtained windows）、开着的窗户（open windows）或旧的窗户（old windows）都不能说明发生了意外的事。只有破碎的窗户（broken windows）才可能是发生了意

46、外的事。5. B belong to“属于”。从上下文可知，Tim是Stoneviile，Indiana，USA的治安联保队队员。Attend to “照料”，go to：“去”，与文意不符；turn to表“转向”。6. A A项表示“碰头，聚在一起开会”，从下文中的discuss一词可知，他们在每月的第三个星期三举行会议，讨论社区的安全问题。Quarrels“吵架”，searches“搜查”均不合题意。sings更不合文意。7. C 这是一个表语从句。that指代的是他们开会的时间，所以填when。而where，why，how文章没提到。8. D safety为“安全”之意，因为治安联保队的目的是保卫社区的安全，所以他们讨论的是社区的安全问题，而不是讨论政治（politics）、财产（wealth）或健康（health）问题。9. A protect有很大的迷惑性，许多考生没有注意这个句子的结构，而误选了protect。在这个句子中，their homes，stree