简单句的五种基本句型并列句和复合句

1、简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句郑集中学菁华学院英语组王芳（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. / She didn t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? / Where did you go yesterday? /Is he six or seven years old? / Mary can swim, can t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. / Don t talk in class4）感

2、叹句：What an exciting film it was!/ How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2） 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：You he

3、lp him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。如：The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词：What he said does not matter.They talked for half

4、 an hourThe pen writes smoothlyHow did the accident come about?2、主语+及物动词+宾语：Mary bought a book./ Do you know them?/ I finished reading the text./ You must try to improve.在此句型中，及物动词后常跟等作宾语。3、主语+系动词+表语：It sounds a good idea./ The students are in favor of reform.Their favorite pastime is playing chess.

5、/ The only thing now is to take a taxi.常用的系动词有 等；可作表语成分的有 等。4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：My father gave me a dictionary.（可用 to 改写）I' ll make you some fresh tea可用 for 改写）They forgave him his crimes.直接宾语表示动词作用的对象，通常指的是物；间接宾语表示动作所指向的人，一般位于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，则由介词to, for 等引出。5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：They

6、 called their daughter Mary./ He put his books in order./ I saw her chatting with Nancy.What do you advise me to do?/ Tom made the baby laugh./ You must make yourself respected.此句型中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语才完整，宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。常见的用作宾语补足语的有 等。Exercise1：判断下面各句分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型：1. Your sister dances beautifully. ()2. D

7、oing that would be playing with fire. ()3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment. ()4. They kept their marriage a secret. ()5. She gave me her telephone number.()6. Good food keeps you healthy.()7. I advise waiting till the right time.()8. Did you sleep well?()9. Horse-riding and shootin

8、g are some of the more unusual events.()10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.()除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰 语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词)，也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语 和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五( v+o+o.c)为例：We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of stud

9、ents and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了 学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs i

10、n East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He's getting angry. (S V P)He got through the window. (S V O)You'll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble. (S V O C)He got her a splendid presen

11、t. (S V 0 O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思：I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。 S V O M )I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。(S V O C )I have to do something. 我得做点事。have something to do. 我有点事做。A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her famil

12、y following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006.( S + V )A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships.(S + V + O)(三)并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only but also ，ne

13、ither nor 等逾en如：The teacher ' s name is Smith, and the student' s name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either or,otherwise等。如：Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。如：He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making hi

14、s classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。如：August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.(四)复合句复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成分，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。从句有三种：1 .名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从

15、句和同位语从句)1) When the train will arrive is unknown.2) Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.3) This is what we should do.4) She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.2 .定语从句（形容词性从句）He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.3 .状语从句（副词性从句）He is absent today, because he is i

16、ll.Exercise2：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven inthe evening.5. He

17、 is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.（五）高考考点探讨

18、1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中 有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道 的英语句子来表达清楚的。2.祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。 以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。如：and, but, or, while ,4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显

19、，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时, 如： We will go outing if it doesn从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。't rain tomorrow巩固练习：一、选择填空：1. Give me one more minuteA. andB. or2. It ' sthhd time that John has been late, A. hasn ' t he B. isn ' t he3. Let us pass,?'ll be able to finish it.C. if?C. isn ' t itD.

20、 soD. hasn ' t itA. shan ' t we B. shall we4. I suppose he ' s serious, ?A. do IB. don 'I t5. I ' m sorry to have to say this,C. won ' t weD. will youA. andB. butC. is heD. isn ' t heyou forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.C. soD. because6. Joh

21、n has not yet passed the driving test, andA. Henry hasnB. Henry also has not eitherC. neither Henry hasD. neither has Henry7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,A. orB. forC. whileothers enjoy swimming.D. sowould you rather have dinner at home?8. - Do you feel like going

22、outI ' d like to go out.D. soA. orB.andC. but9. Your uncle isn ' t an engineer, is he?A. Yes, he isn't B. No, he isn ' t C. No, he isD. He is10. friendly to everyone!D. What, she isD. yetD. andD. To turnD. and, andD. butA. How, is sheB. What, is she C. How, she is11. Mary went to bed

23、 early, she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. for12. As he is strong, can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. he13. down the radio the baby s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. TurnC. Turned14. I don t like chicken fish. I don t like chicken iIkle fish very much.A. or, butB. and, butC. or, and

24、15. Would you like to come to dinner tonight? I d like to, I m too busy.A. andB. soC. as:1. He closed the window, turned off the light left the room.2. She is American she speaks Chinese very fluently.3. It is foggy today, we can t see distant hills.4. He likes sports, I d rather collect stamps.5. h

25、e couldn t understand wasfewer and fewer showed their interest in his lesson.6. I wished we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and we could buy some books on ourway back in Shanghai.7. She expressed the hope she would write a novel someday.8. The girl English is very good won the first pla

26、ce in the 100-metre race, made all of usvery happy.9. Please tell us the time we shall have the Chinese exam.10. a young man, he was a storekeeper later a postmaster.三、将下列句子译成英语：1. 汤姆决心不再迟到了。2. 我很饿，请给我一点东西吃。3. 老师讲话时，我们得保持安静，对不对?4. 我们把英语看作日常工作中的一种有用的工具。5. 他们取消了上个星期天去扬州的游览，因为整整下了一天雨。6. 金钱就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢。7. 在黑暗的大街上，没有一个她可以寻求帮助的人。8. 他在这家工厂工作了十年之后就出国