模块三第一单元名词性从句

1、Unit 1 Grammar and usageNoun clauses名词性从句名词性从句(Noun Clauses)在句子中起在句子中起_作用的句子，作用的句子，在复合句中能担任在复合句中能担任_、_、_、 _等等根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，可分为根据从句在句中不同的语法功能，可分为_(Subject Clause)、_(Predicative Clause)、_(Object Clause)_(Appositive Clause)名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His job is important.What he does is important.主主语语

2、 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表表语语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.宾宾语语I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同同位位语语1. (主语从句主语从句)e.g. That he can help me makes me happy. Why they have not left yet is not clear so f

3、ar.用用 it 作形式主语，代替主语从句作形式主语，代替主语从句e.g. It was good news that everyone got back safely.2. 宾语从句宾语从句e.g. I wonder if/whether thats a good idea. Im interested in who that tall man is.用用 it 作形式宾语，代替宾语从句作形式宾语，代替宾语从句e.g. We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. The conductor has made it cl

4、ear that no buses will be running.3. 表语从句表语从句e.g. The truth is that its too foggy for the bus to run that far. My question is whether Polly can find her way home.4. 同位语从句同位语从句e.g. She had a feeling that she was being watched. The news that he couldnt come made us upset. 连接词连接词 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作

5、成分无意义无意义2. 连接代词连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which 、 whoever, whatever3. 连接副词：连接副词： when、 where、why、how“是是否否” 作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表 II. 名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词：e.g. No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident. She couldnt imagine how the blind man had found her.Read the article on page 9 a

6、nd describe the main idea in your own words. While reading, underline all the noun clauses you can find in this article.名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句陈述句e.g. That he did it right is known to all.b. 疑问词疑问词+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分e.g. This is what we are looking for.

7、(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用 陈述句语序陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句，不能用一般疑问句 语序。语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. How he was successful is still a puzzle. FT你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? Could you tell me where does he live? TF二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性

8、从句连接词的选用(1) that 和和what 的选用的选用that 和和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中性从句中充当成分充当成分，可做从句的主语、，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. Th

9、is is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true ?WhatThatthatwhatwhat6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.whatthatwhat(2) if 和和whether 的选用的选用 whether和和 if 都可以使用的情况：都可以使用的情况： 1) 引导动词的宾语从句时；引导动词的宾语从句时；2) 在在be

10、+ adj.之后时；之后时；3) 在主语从句中，在主语从句中，it 用作形式主语时。用作形式主语时。 只能用只能用whether的情况：的情况：1) 在非正式文体中在非正式文体中, if . or not 也是正也是正确的。但与确的。但与or not直接连用时直接连用时, 只能用只能用whether(即即whether or not), 而不能用而不能用if (即即if or not)；2) 引导引导表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句时；时；3) 引导引导主语从句主语从句，且位于，且位于句首句首时；时；4) 引导引导介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句时；时；5) 后面直接后面直接跟动词不定

11、式跟动词不定式时；时；6) if引起歧义时。引起歧义时。1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.if / whetherWhether3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.whetherwhether/ifwhether6. The question is

12、 _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.whetherwhetherwhether9. I wonder _ the news is true.10. He was not sure _ it was right.11. It hasnt been decided _ we shall attend the meeting. if / whether if / whether if / whethe

13、r 12. We havent decided _ to attend the meeting or not.13. I dont know _ he finally found his missing bike or not.14. I dont know _ or not he finally found his missing bike.whether if / whether whether 15. The question is _ the film is worth seeing.16. The problem _ we should continue the experiment

14、 remains unsolved.whether whether 17. _ our team has won the match is unknown.18. It all depends on _ he will support us.19. Please let me know _ you like it.Whether whether whether 其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义, 正确的选择正确的选择who/ which/ when/where /why/how 等连接词，这些连接词既具等连接词，这些连

15、接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。从句中充当各种成分。我们我们何时何时举行运动会还没有决定。举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天我不知道昨天谁谁打破了玻璃。打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.Whenwho我不知道他长的我不知道他长的什么什么样子。样子。 I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的这就是我忘记眼镜的地方地方。This is _ I

16、left my glasses.whatwhere引导词引导词 that 的省略的省略 1.that 引导宾语从句时，可以省略；引导宾语从句时，可以省略； 2.如果有两个如果有两个that 引导的宾语从句，则引导的宾语从句，则第二个宾语从句中的第二个宾语从句中的that 不可省略；不可省略； 3. 介词后的宾语从句中的介词后的宾语从句中的that 不可省不可省略略; 4. 如果如果that 连接的宾语从句中紧接着连接的宾语从句中紧接着一一 个由其他连词引导的状语从句，个由其他连词引导的状语从句，that 不能省略；不能省略；下列名词性从句中的下列名词性从句中的that是否可以省略。是否可以省略

17、。1. It was reported that the football team was warmly received by the Queen.2. I dont believe that he has ever read any of Shakespeares works or that he has ever heard of him.3. His composition is very good except that there are some spelling mistakes.4. The cause of the accident lies in that the dr

18、iver was careless.5. He said that, if I did not have time, I might choose not to go.6. The news that our team has won the match is true. 只有第只有第2题第一个题第一个that可以省略，可以省略，其他名词性从句中，其他名词性从句中，that不可以不可以省略。省略。that/ (that)1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reas

19、on is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.(that)thatthatthat5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.that(that)that三、同位语从句的引导和辨别三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1. 同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：n. + 连接词连接词 + 从句

20、从句2. 能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：fact/idea/ news/information/order/belief/ advice suggestion, 等等3. 连接词通常是连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导等来引导 同位语从句。同位语从句。 I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we shoul

21、d get up earlier and take more exercise.that/whether/where/howwherehowthat4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.thatwhether同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别:1. 定语从句是先行词的定语从句是先行词的修饰语修饰语，它不，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中中that不但起连接作用，而且在定不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中语从句中充当一个句子成分充当一个句子成分，充当

22、，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。从句的宾语成分时可省略。2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一 步的步的解释和说明解释和说明，表明，表明中心词的具中心词的具 体内容体内容。引导同位语从句的。引导同位语从句的that在同在同 位语从句中位语从句中不做任何成分不做任何成分, 只起连接只起连接 作用作用, 无具体含义无具体含义, 且不可省略且不可省略。1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.ATA

23、P1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAP名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气用虚拟语气, 结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 e.g. He

24、gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应 如果主句时态是如果主句时态是现在时或将来时现在时或将来时, 从从 句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。种时态。 a. 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ _ . his dream will come true some dayb. 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。 Please tell me_ _. what you were doin

25、g at this time yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是如果主句谓语是过去时过去时, 从句谓语动从句谓语动 词一般用词一般用过去的某种时态过去的某种时态, 但从句表但从句表 达的达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律是客观事实、真理、自然规律等等 时，从句谓语通常用时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _ .他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _. he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his ho

26、metown for ten years老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher tell us _ light travels in a straight line.Read the article about our senses on page 11 and circle the right words.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _ifthatthatthatwhetherthatComplete the story on page 11 using that, whether or if.Answer

27、s:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _thatthatthatif/whetherthatif/whetherthatthat考点点拨考点点拨 考例回顾考例回顾1. The radio announced that the mist would become a thick fog. (P10)考点考点 that引导名词性从句时，在从句引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，在动词后面的宾语从句中不充当成分，在动词后面的宾语从句中可以省略，在介词后面的宾语从句、中可以省略，在介词后面的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均主语从句、表语从句和同位语从

28、句中均不可省略。不可省略。考例考例1 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. (湖南湖南2006)A. which B. thatC. what D. whether解析解析：根据句子结构，：根据句子结构，pleased后面后面应接宾语从句，应接宾语从句，he was a man of action是个完整的句子，从句中不缺成分，是个完整的句子，从句中不缺成分，故选故选that。考例考例2 One advantage

29、of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. (上海上海2006)A. how B. whyC. that D. when 解析：解析：is后面是表语从句，从句中不后面是表语从句，从句中不 缺成分，故选缺成分，故选that。考例考例3 A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. (安徽安徽2006)A. if B. when C

30、. that D. which解析：此句是同位语从句，解析：此句是同位语从句，thought与从句与从句that I might . 被谓语被谓语suddenly came to me隔开。同位语从句中的引隔开。同位语从句中的引导词导词that不充当成分，只起一个连接不充当成分，只起一个连接的作用。的作用。2. She is not certain about whether she has done anything wrong. (P10)考点考点 在介词后面的宾语从句中表示在介词后面的宾语从句中表示“是否是否”时，只用时，只用whether，不用，不用if。考例考例 We havent

31、settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (江苏江苏2006)A. if B. where C. whether D. that句意：我们还没有解决他是否有必要去句意：我们还没有解决他是否有必要去国外学习这一问题。国外学习这一问题。根据句意，可排除根据句意，可排除B和和D两项。介词两项。介词of后面接宾语从句时，后面接宾语从句时，只用只用whether，不用，不用if。故选故选C项。项。3. He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he would

32、nt use an umbrella when it was raining. (P10)考点考点 当一个句子有两个或多个宾语从句当一个句子有两个或多个宾语从句时，引导第一个从句的时，引导第一个从句的that可以省略，而可以省略，而引导第二个和以后几个从句的引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省不可省略，且最后两个从句之间要用略，且最后两个从句之间要用and， but或或 or连接。连接。考例考例 Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to hi

33、s bedroom. (湖南湖南2007)A. why B. thatC. when D. where 解析：动词解析：动词checked后接两个宾语从句，后接两个宾语从句，第一个是第一个是the doors were closed，引导从，引导从句的句的that被省略；第二个是被省略；第二个是all the lights were off，从句中不缺成分，故选，从句中不缺成分，故选that，且且that不可省略。不可省略。1. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2. It is

34、good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is think that D. is thought that4. It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his t