A级语法考点归纳

1、A级语法考点归纳Subjunctivemood城拟语气）1虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法从句时态主句时态would (could, should, might)+dowould (could, should, might)+have done与现在事实相反beweredodid与过去事实相反haddone与将来事实相反1.beweredo-did2.should+dowould(could,should,might)+do3.wereto+doIfIwereyou,Iwouldfurthermystudyabroad.Ifyouhadtime,youshouldgotoseethefilmGo

2、newiththewind.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnothavemadesuchmistakes.Ifyoubecame/shouldbecome/weretobecomaemillionaire,whatwouldyoudofirst?2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1) 虚拟语气在表示建议、愿望、要求、命令这类词后宾语从句中的谓语动词用should+do,should可以省去。表建议：suggest,advice,recommend,propose表要求：ask,require,request,demand,petition表命令：order,command,

3、表愿望：desireEg.Hesuggestedthatalibraryshouldbesetupquickly.ShedemandsthatIshouldpayherimmediately.Heorderedthemanshouldbereleased.TheQueendesiresthatyoushouldcomeatonce.A级真题：Thepolicemandemandedthatsheheridentitycard.A.showB.showedC.wouldshowD.hadshown2)虚拟语气在wish,wouldrather,wouldsooner后宾语从句中的用法。用一般过去

4、时表示现在的情况did用过去完成时表示过去的情况haddoneEg.IwishIwereyoungagain.IwishIhadlistenedtoyouradvicethen.Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruthnow.Iwouldsooneryoudidntasmkethatquestion.IdratheryohuadnttoldmethenewsyesterdayA级真题：1. Iwouldratheryou(leave)forHangZhoulastweek.2. Myfatherwisheshe(go)tocollegewhenhewasyoung.3. Iw

5、ishI(can)helpyou.3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：句型：itisimportant/essential/appropriate/imperative/vital/strange/surprising/naturalthat+(should)doEg.Itisimportantthatheworkhard.Itisessentialthatthemissionnotfail.Itisimperativethatyoushouldnotbeseenhere.Itisvitaltoherhealththatshetakethismedicine.Itissurprisingthath

6、eshouldkilltimelikethat.4虚拟语气在Itshightimethat引导的定语从句中的用法：从句中用一般过去时(did)表示与现在事实相反，意思是：到了该做什么的时候了A级真题：Itshightimethatwe(buy)anewcar.Itshightimethatwe(stop)playingcomputergames.Attributiveclause(定语从句)限制性定语从句1. 关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as在从句中充当句子成分Thisistheboybrokethevase.(who)Heistheteachereveryo

7、nerespects.(whom)Theplaneisamachinecanfly.(which/that)ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.(that)Iwanttobookaroomwindowisfacingthesea.(whose)Heissuchalovelyboymakeseveryonehappy.(as)2. 关系副词：when,where,why在从句中不充当句子成分IwillneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheParty.(when/onwhich)ThisisthehouseIlivedtwoyearsago.(where/

8、inwhich)Doyouknowthereasonheiscrying?(why/forwhich)只用that的情况：1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistoworkoutaplan.HeisthemostexcellentstudentthatIhaveevertaught.2. 先行词是指物的不定代词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much,none.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatglittersi

9、snotgold.Thereislittlethatcanbedoneaboutit.3. 先行词被any,every,only,very,all修饰时：Heistheonlypersonthatcanbetrusted.HeistheverypersonthatIamlookingfor.4. 先行词既包括人也包括物时：Therearemanypersonsandthingsthatwemustdealwithinourdaily非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。这时，连词选which或as.一般情况

10、下，先行词在从句中充当主语时用which；先行词在从句中充当宾语或表语时用as.Eg.Ourclasshaswonthebasketballw,hichmadeushappy.此句中Ourclasshaswonthebasketball个句子是先行词，在从句中作主语Asweallknow,NewYorkisthecapitaloftheAmerica.此句中NewYorkisthecapitaloftheAmerica整个句子是先行词，在从句中作宾语A级真题：ShehasfalleninlovewithJack,Ifindhardtoimagine.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whi

11、ch此题中ShehasfalleninlovewithJack整句是先行词，作从句中find的宾语，故选D.whichNounclause(名词性从句)从属连词that,whether在从句中不充当句子成分连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever在从句中充当句子成分连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中不充当句子成分1. 主语从句hebecameanartistisduetohisfathersinfluence.(that)itwilldousharmremainstobeseen.(whether)she

12、wantsonher18thbirthdayisamobilephone.(what)wesaymustbebasedonfact.(what/whatever)teamwillwinthegameremainsamystery.(which)willbeinchargeoftheprojecthasntbeenmadepublic.(who)Ispendmyholidayisnoneofyourbusiness.(when/where/whether)Itisnotclearhewasabsentfromthemeeting.(why)Itisunlikelyhecouldacceptsuc

13、hanoffer.(that)2. 宾语从句Atfirst,hedidntrealizehehadsucceeded.(that)Ithinkyoumissedaninstructivelecture.(that)Ididntknowtheyweresatisfiedwiththearrangement.(whether)DoyouknowtheyleftforHongKong?(why/when/whether)IwanttoknowTomsaid.(what)3. 表语从句Thereasonwashewastoopoortoseeadoctor.(that)Thequestionisyou

14、areafterinlife:fameorpersonalgain.(what)Aprilisthelilacsbloom.(when)4. 同位语从句在同位语从句中被修饰的名词Fact,idea,news,belief,truth,hope,doubt,opinion,decision,suggestion,impression,conclusion,evidence,proposal,question,problem,theory,information,possibility.Igottheimpressionyouareunhappytoday.(that)Thereisadoubts

15、hewillcometotheparty.(whether)Hehadnoideashelefthome.(why).分词1) 分词的形式被动being donehaving been done主动现在分词一般形式doing过去分词完成形式havingdonedone2) 分词的基本用法：1)作表语：Thefootballmatchwasexciting.Shelooksdisappointed.3) 作定语：Heisapromisingyoungman.Thewoundedsoldierwastakenofftothehospital.Alittlechildlearningtowalkof

16、tenfalls.Whatsthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?4) 作状语：伴随：Wesatonthesofa,watchingTV.Thestudentscameoutoftheclassroom,laughingandchatting.Theteachercameout,bythestudents.(followed)时间：Hehurthislegwhileplayingfootball.Havingfoundahotel,theybegantolookforarestaurant.Afterahotel,theybegantolookforarestauran

17、t.(finding)条件：Ifgivenachance,Iwouldgoabroadtofurthermystudy.原因：Beingshortofmoney,hecantaffordanewcar.Nothavingreceivedananswer,Idecidedtowritehimanotherletter.结果：Hedied,leavingfivechildren.五动名词和不定式在句中作宾语时的区别1以下动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语Avoid,consider,appreciate,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,fancy,forgive,finish,i

18、magine,keep,mind,pardon,postpone,prevent,practise,resist,risk,suggest,understand.Itsnouse,beworth,havetrouble/difficultyin,betiredof,devoteoneslifeto,insiston,lookforwardto,besuccessfulin,befondof,bebusy,becapableof,beproudof,canthelp,keeponA级真题：1) DoyouhaveanydifficultyinJapanese?A)learnB)learningC

19、)tolearnD)havinglearnt2) It'sbettertoavoiddowntownduringtherushhour.A)todriveB)havingdrivenC)tobedrivingD)driving2. 以下动词或短语后只能跟动词不定式Decide,desire,expect,wish,want,pretend,promise,refuse,manage,ag，reepermitA级真题：1. Wedecidedthehouse.A)nottobuyB)buyingC)notbuyingD)notbought3. 有些动词后既可跟动名词，也可跟不定式，但意思

20、不同1) Remember,forget,regret+ doing表示动作已发生+ todo表示动作还没发生Eg.IrememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenIwasachild.(已发生)Remembertocheckyourmailbox.(未发生)Iforgetlockingthedoor.(门锁过了，但忘记了这件事)Iforgettolockthedoor.(忘记锁门了，门没锁)Iregrettellingherthetruth.(我后悔告诉了她真相)Iregrettotellyouthatyourapplicationwasdenied.(我很遗憾地要告诉你

21、你的申请被否决了)2) stop+doing停止正在做的事情+todo停下来去做另一件事情Eg.Stoptalkingplease.Stoptolistentome.3) want,need,require物作主语时+doing用主动语态代替被动语态+tobedone用被动语态Eg.Hisshoesneedmending/tobemended.Theproblemneedslookinginto/tobelookedinto.4) try+doing试着做某事try+todo努力，企图做某事Eg.Hetriedsendingflowerstothegirl,butshedidntaccept.Youshouldtrytoadjusttothecoldweatherhere.5) beafraid+ofdoing生怕做某事+todo不敢做某事Eg.Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.(她不敢踏进草丛深处因为怕被蛇咬)六倒装句：部分倒装当否定副词用于