GPS控制网技术总结

1、GPS控制网技术总结3一、测区概况3二、工程概况3三、技术依据3四、点位分布6五、外业观测情况6六、数据处理7七、结论与建议44RTK平面图测量总结46一、作业过程46二、内业成图成果（包括放样部分）47RTK放样总结48第一部分作业流程48第二部分放样结果图（图中白色线部分）48第三部分个人放样成果总结49第四部分小组放样成果（见下贞）50样本数据处理结果总结52第一部分处理总结52第二部分无约束平差基线向量改正数53实习体会58第二部分体会与收获60第三部分意见与建议61一、测区概况此次测量布设控制网地区为武汉大学校园，测区内部地势平坦，交通便利，通讯设施发达，有较多较平均的控制点，视野开

2、阔，点的通视性较好，树木、房屋遮挡的情况不是特别严重。在测量期间天气晴好。整个网由4个控制点和16个未知点组成，控制网区域几乎覆盖整个武汉大学，控制点分布较均匀。二、工程概况此次实习的目的是为了继GPS原理与应用课程之后，加强学生的动手操作能力，进一步巩固和理解书本知识，为以后的工程项目和科研实践打下基础；通过该实习，掌握利用GPS技术进行控制测量的基本技能和方法，培养和提高利用所学理论知识解决实际问题以及通过团队协作完成复杂项目的能力。控制网为国家D级GPS网,要求控制网覆盖武汉大学，总共20个控制点，平均点距离约400m;以队为单位，完成设计、选点、观测，每个人分别做一个点的点之记，进行数

3、据处理和质量控制，提交各白的成果。本队共5组人员，每组人员分配一台仪器，小组人员相互配合，团结合作，经历两天时间，一共观测9个时段，每个时段60min,完成了此次测量任务。三、技术依据此次测量任务的技术依据为全球定位系统(GPS)测量规范(GB/T183142001),D级网GPS测量基本技术要求规定见卜表:卫星截止高度角(°)同时观测有效卫星数有效观测卫星数观测时段数时段长度(min)采样问隔(s)时段中任一卫星有效观测时间(min)152424QI.6*10-30物5说明：1、接收机至少有L1载波相位，同步接收机数不小丁2;2、相邻点问基线长度精度u二可誓+(b.d.，固定误差a

4、不大丁10mm，比例误差系数b不大丁10;3、最简独立闭合环或附合路线的边数不大丁8;4、相邻点之间的平均距离5-10km;5、复测基线长度较差ds厘岳;6、独立闭合环或者附合路线坐标闭合差Wgd,W心d,叫司而叫<3面七现可咔-吗-W；7、同步环闭合差阳号b,叫综旬，WzCT8、无约束平差中，基线分量的改正数绝对值V史饥脆,金疽3'；9、约束平差中，基线分量的改正数绝对值V相v2,LyV2,ViZ<2(J另外，其他的规范要求如下:表1精度分级级别固正误差a,mm比例误差系数AA<3司.01A<5司.1BC<10用D<10V0E<100表2最简

5、独立闭合环或附合路线边数的规定级别ABCDE闭合环或附合路线的边数<5M0表3GPS网中相邻点之间的平均距离项目'AAABCDE平均距离10002007010-155-100.2-5表4各级GPS测量基本技术要求规定项目AAABCDE卫星截止高度角（度）101015151515同时观测似卫星数242424有效观测卫星总数地始2424观测时段数QI06242习.6QI.6注在时段中观测时间符合上表中第七项规定的卫星，为有效观测卫星；计算有效卫星观测总数时，应将各时段的有效观测卫星数扣除其间的重复卫星数；观测时段长度，应为开始记录数据到结束记录的时间段；观测时段数>1.6,指每

6、一站观测一时段，至少60%测站再观测一时段。对丁本次要布设的D级网，静态观测：时段长度45min，米样间隔1030s,任一卫星的有效观测时|i>15min四、点位分布五、外业观测情况本小组外业测量中所用的仪器为彳来卡接收机，精度经检验合格。本组一共观测9个点，9个时段，整个大队测量的网为20个点；采用的仪器为彳来卡5台，仪器参数统一设为采样率为5s,截止高度角10°,采用专用尺测量天线高度，各台仪器对中、整平情况良好，整个网与已知的控制点（G001,G002,G003,G004）联测。六、数据处理1、基线解算和质量控制此次基线处理采用TGO软件，采用的星历为广播星历，对于不同的

7、基线所采用的参数不相同，大致设置过的参数包括“动态”中的“最少参考观测值时间”（设为0sec）,“最大修复周滑动（'在0到600之间调节），反选质量验收标准，“编辑乘法器”（2.5到3.5之间变化）以及对流层和电流层参数的设置（使用很少）。最终处理得到的结果见下表：表一所有环闭合差结果长度D水平Dft直PPMS2-S11-S31098.146m.011m-.047m43.888S3-S136-S1141235.073m.027m.028m31.355S6-S10-S121440.072m.003m-.011m8.09S6-S10-S371440.074m.005m.000m3.295S

8、11-S10-S121440.077m.001m-.005m3.44S11-S10-S371440.078m.005m.007m5.833S6-S136-S951599.136m.030m-.004m18.674S6-S137-S951599.111m.017m.018m15.626S11-S136-S951599.140m.029m.002m18.016S11-S137-S951599.115m.013m.025m17.595S12-S14-S381376.568m.017m-.019m18.552S12-S43-S381376.576m.003m.020m14.386S37-S14-S38

9、1376.570m.015m-.031m24.928S37-S43-S381376.578m.003m.008m6.355S12-S40-S361775.902m.003m.014m8.283S37-S40-S361775.904m.001m.003m1.655S12-S94-S881797.173m.022m.005m12.503S12-S96-S951797.155m.008m.019m11.642S37-S94-S881797.175m.018m-.006m10.749S37-S96-S951797.157m.012m.008m7.867S36-S41-S381374.324m.002m

10、.003m2.735S36-S42-S391577.186m.028m-.002m17.48S38-S142-S952017.822m.019m.007m10.124S38-S143-S882017.819m.014m-.018m11.3S10-S96-S1361291.481m.022m.012m19.376S10-S96-S1371291.456m.013m-.010m12.626S14-S21-S161128.048m.009m-.019m18.818S14-S25-S161128.041m.010m-.049m44.204S14-S27-S161128.049m.011m-.020m2

11、0.287S43-S21-S161128.057m.014m.019m21.019S43-S25-S161128.050m.005m-.010m9.848S43-S27-S161128.057m.011m.019m19.095S43-S28-S1301879.020m.004m-.037m19.728S14-S142-S961531.755m.025m-.032m26.696S14-S143-S941531.753m.013m-.043m29.126S43-S142-S961531.764m.015m.007m10.812S43-S143-S941531.761m.009m-.004m6.18

12、7S14-S41-S401412.927m.014m-.037m27.858S43-S41-S401412.935m.001m.002m1.49S14-S45-S441782.063m.008m-.037m21.31S43-S45-S441782.071m.006m.002m3.648S16-S24-S1301543.688m.016m-.047m32.387S16-S91-S941612.034m.000m-.008m4.861S130-S90-S962076.817m.012m-.028m14.834S21-S24-S221680.317m.019m.033m22.866S21-S24-S

13、231680.330m.014m.034m21.78S21-S24-S281680.325m.002m.009m5.39S21-S34-S221680.320m.020m.028m20.364S21-S34-S231680.333m.013m.028m18.488S21-S34-S281680.327m.004m.003m3.008S25-S24-S221680.310m.010m.004m6.401S25-S24-S231680.323m.010m.005m6.41S25-S24-S281680.318m.007m-.021m12.97S25-S34-S221680.313m.011m-.0

14、02m6.814S25-S34-S231680.326m.008m-.001m4.7S25-S34-S281680.321m.006m-.026m16.181S27-S24-S221680.318m.016m.033m21.698S27-S24-S231680.330m.009m.033m20.573S27-S24-S281680.325m.003m.008m5.241S27-S34-S221680.321m.018m.027m19.171S27-S34-S231680.333m.009m.028m17.19S27-S34-S281680.328m.005m.002m3.511S21-S31-

15、S262118.328m.002m.002m1.039S21-S31-S542118.335m.008m.001m3.993S25-S31-S262118.321m.010m-.028m14.007S25-S31-S542118.328m.017m-.029m15.939S27-S31-S262118.328m.005m.001m2.179S27-S31-S542118.335m.012m.000m5.494S21-S33-S292112.318m.004m.017m8.419S25-S33-S292112.312m.013m-.012m8.314S27-S33-S292112.319m.00

16、6m.017m8.396S21-S91-S1431936.171m.008m.015m8.936S25-S91-S1431936.164m.006m-.014m7.894S27-S91-S1431936.171m.003m.015m7.838S22-S32-S262568.168m.016m-.050m20.392S28-S32-S262568.176m.002m-.025m9.835S28-S32-S542568.183m.007m-.026m10.547S22-S35-S292240.330m.018m-.025m13.573S23-S35-S292240.342m.012m-.025m1

17、2.478S28-S35-S292240.337m.002m.000m0.683S22-S90-S1432507.232m.015m.003m5.888S23-S90-S1432507.245m.006m.002m2.659S28-S90-S1432507.239m.006m.027m11.14S26-S30-S292570.866m.003m.026m10.295S54-S30-S292570.873m.007m.027m11.01S26-S109-S452503.343m.008m-.024m10.099S54-S109-S452503.350m.001m-.023m9.214S26-S5

18、0-S512177.726m.017m-.042m20.836S54-S50-S512177.733m.010m-.041m19.416S26-S53-S552815.892m.003m-.006m2.286S54-S53-S552815.899m.006m-.005m2.78S41-S70-S551783.469m.015m.028m17.997S45-S46-S511645.497m.005m-.001m3.293S45-S77-S551692.033m.001m-.013m7.496S45-S48-S551692.045m.013m-.007m8.543S51-S52-S551977.1

19、28m.006m-.009m5.59S24-S32-S311911.318m.005m-.018m9.758S34-S32-S311911.321m.007m-.024m13.012S24-S35-S331443.346m.005m-.008m6.64S34-S35-S331443.349m.007m-.014m10.887S24-S90-S912120.549m.001m.021m9.714S34-S90-S912120.551m.002m.015m7.061S31-S30-S331919.313m.002m.011m5.634S32-S30-S351639.941m.001m.001m0.

20、989S109-S46-S501915.689m.011m.017m10.665S109-S77-S532230.512m.007m-.031m14.293S109-S48-S532230.524m.006m-.025m11.71S50-S52-S532004.652m.010m-.046m23.362S98-S99-S602097.652m.005m-.009m4.838S98-S101-S562112.052m.009m-.002m4.288S98-S105-S461200.735m.028m.000m23.054S98-S141-S611555.996m.008m.009m7.485S4

21、6-S77-S521184.733m.008m-.002m7.388S46-S48-S521184.745m.008m.003m7.258S46-S132-S611576.293m.010m-.009m8.5S52-S83-S611483.743m.018m-.006m12.541S56-S58-S612082.133m.001m-.003m1.595S56-S59-S601770.179m.001m.005m2.831S60-S65-S612080.286m.001m-.007m3.515S99-S59-S1011369.002m.005m-.011m8.972S99-S65-S141139

22、7.641m.004m-.025m18.048S101-S58-S1411365.165m.001m-.014m10.659S102-S112-S1081214.102m.017m-.026m25.883S102-S113-S1081214.094m.016m-.040m35.909S102-S115-S1051401.064m.021m.047m36.939S102-S116-S1051401.067m.017m-.027m22.929S105-S77-S108718.624m.009m-.049m68.962S105-S48-S108718.636m.017m-.043m64.392S10

23、5-S132-S141848.561m.029m-.018m40.426S59-S58-S651016.020m.000m-.001m0.863S112-S77-S1151421.951m.022m-.025m23.423S112-S77-S1161421.955m.018m.050m37.332S112-S48-S1151421.963m.026m-.030m28.15S112-S48-S1161421.967m.021m.044m34.537S113-S77-S1151421.943m.013m-.039m28.879S113-S77-S1161421.947m.009m.036m25.7

24、49S113-S48-S1151421.955m.024m-.045m35.59S113-S48-S1161421.959m.021m.030m25.514S112-S70-S711897.497m.010m-.003m5.565S113-S70-S711897.489m.006m-.017m9.545S112-S75-S741304.288m.011m.040m31.639S113-S75-S741304.280m.028m.025m28.731S115-S66-S711855.910m.004m.009m5.624S115-S68-S741694.426m.010m-.011m8.738S

25、71-S72-S742037.841m.005m-.017m8.631S66-S70-S771120.489m.015m-.013m17.62S66-S70-S481120.501m.021m-.018m25.147S66-S72-S681939.767m.001m.003m1.71S77-S83-S132972.530m.014m.001m14.554S48-S83-S132972.542m.003m.007m7.324表二所有的复测基线较差结果ID从到基线长度解算类型比率参考变量RMS2室dsaB42G004G212423.143L1固定12.87.2220.0110.8584130.71

26、221-5B84G212G004423.138L1固定55.23.3530.006B86G215G004395.598L1固定4.115.0510.01210.7540630.41707-25B44G215G004395.573L1固定6.6520.025B89G215G212780.409L1固定316.6130.01412.6847935.878-9B49G215G212780.4L1固定2.417.0390.016B62G215G209756.83L1固定2.944.4270.02112.541135.47158-12B53G215G209756.818L1固定2.738.9810.02

27、3B38G212G211568.905L1固定19.45.5960.00811.5050132.54109-2B45G211G212568.903L1固定1113.1150.012B58G215G211447.862L1固定3.255.6560.02610.957130.99136-10B47G215G211447.852L1固定4.445.7610.024B57G216G210435.549L1固定6.812.0830.01210.9073530.850653B71G210G216435.552L1固定1.63.2390.006B63G216G209836.703L1固定9.73.0310.

28、00613.0386836.87896-6B69G209G216836.697L1固定713.4510.012B64G209G218982.98L1固定10.612.7390.01114.022339.661067B78G218G209982.987L1固定4.434.0540.019B4G220G003281.182L1固定2.328.8850.01710.387829.3811313B34G003G220281.195L1浮动1.531.8110.017B6G203G206452.707L1固定64.930.5740.01710.9769931.04762-8B12G203G206452.

29、699L1固定5.519.0530.014B7G220G203684.61L1固定3.231.1130.01712.1189634.277584B14G220G203684.614L1固定1.975.9630.03B10G220G206284.631L1固定4.256.3690.02410.3971929.407683B19G206G220284.634L1固定1.775.0190.031B37G209G220564.895L1固定4.362.8650.02611.4852432.4851521B80G220G209564.916L1浮动043.8770.023B35G211G209327.0

30、81L1固定16.15.8070.00810.5213229.75879-8B52G211G209327.073L1固定11.335.9940.02表二两个同步环闭合差计算成果B64B67B70坐标增量（mm）季=13.16950=4.562dX(/m)-864.262m-101.700m-965.954m1dY(/m)-89.275m-320.490m-409.788m3dZ(/m)-459.707m419.786m-39.934m3斜距（/m）982.980537.8441050.042平均：856.9553基线B1B2B5坐标增量（mm）#=12.08890=4.187dX(/m)-20

31、.895m208.905m229.797m3dY(/m)475.356m543.988m68.645m3dZ(/m)-752.270m-683.580m68.702m2斜距（/m）890.118898.246249.477平均：679.2803表四二个异步环闭合差计算成果B45B36B35坐标增量（mm）6=10.0103压=52.016dX(/m)489.037-448.22440.8076dY(/m)254.419-97.412157.0213dZ(/m)-140.585-143.438-284.0113斜距（/m）568.903480.592327.081458.8586667基线B45

32、B36B52坐标增量（mm）5=10.013V&J=52.0162dX(/m)489.037-448.22440.82411dY(/m)254.419-97.412156.98423dZ(/m)-140.585-143.438-284.0185斜距（/m）568.903480.592327.073458.856基线B78B70B67坐标增量（mm）=10.03663寸3=52.1519dX(/m)864.268-965.954-101.70.014dY(/m)89.274-409.788-320.49-0.024dZ(/m)459.711-39.934419.7860.009斜距（/m

33、）982.9871050.042537.844856.95766672、网平差处理与质量控制本次平差处理和基线解算一样，所用的软件都是TGO,无约束平差最终归算到WGS-84坐标系，约束平差归算到白己定义的坐标系(以北京54坐标系为基准，投影中央子午线为114°,水准面模型为EGM96);无约束平差是在处理基线的过程中同步完成的，平差形式为一倍中误差；约束平差起算数据为WH04(3379081.694534073.801,33.436),WH06(3378941.069,533913.50828.211),WH13(3379163.046,533868.365,27.719),在处理

34、完基线后进行，平差形式也是一倍中误差。无约束平差基线向量改正数统计表一高程改正0-1cm1-2cm2-3cm3-4cm4cm以上基线条数23262563表二距离改正01mm2mm3mm4mm5mm6mm7mm8mm以上基线条数233192016965 相邻点距离中误差统计表一相邻点距离中误差统计Is/mm12345>6数目/条1923211910表二相邻点距离中误差详细表格ID从到基线长:度中误差B1G003G203890.118m0.001B2G003G204898.246m0.002B3G003G206554.672m0.004B4G220G003281.182m0.002B34G0

35、03G220281.195m0.001B5G203G204249.477m0.000B6G203G206452.707m0.001B12G203G206452.699m0.003B7G220G203684.610m0.003B14G220G203684.614m0.001B8G204G206602.104m0.003B9G220G204760.339m0.002B13G203G207521.930m0.001B15G206G205270.662m0.004B16G207G205236.854m0.000B28G207G205236.803m0.002B17G220G205417.234m0.0

36、01B18G207G206239.466m0.004B20G207G220194.524m0.002B21G001G00247.911m0.002B22G001G205472.797m0.003B23G207G001655.565m0.003B24G001G219873.315m0.001B25G205G002495.312m0.000B26G207G002665.526m0.002B27G219G002848.954m0.002B29G219G205736.021m0.000B30G219G207583.172m0.001B31G003G209386.293m0.001B32G003G211

37、699.561m0.003B33G212G003507.438m0.001B35G211G209327.081m0.001B52G211G209327.073m0.002B36G212G209480.592m0.000B37G209G220564.895m0.002B80G220G209564.916m0.003B38G212G211568.905m0.002B45G211G212568.903m0.003B39G211G220890.095m0.003B40G212G220788.552m0.003B41G004G211448.031m0.000B42G004G212423.143m0.00

38、1B84G212G004423.138m0.001B51G209G210408.078m0.004B61G210G209408.071m0.003B68G209G210408.078m0.000B54G209G216836.690m0.003B63G216G209836.703m0.003B69G209G216836.697m0.004B55G211G210392.897m0.002B57G216G210435.549m0.000B71G210G216435.552m0.001B59G211G216715.241m0.002B64G209G218982.980m0.002B78G218G209

39、982.987m0.003B65G218G210727.270m0.001B66G218G216748.499m0.001B67G218G217537.844m0.001B70G209G2171050.042m0.000B72G210G217654.199m0.003B73G216G217353.598m0.000B74G206G209842.503m0.004B75G218G206990.409m0.002B76G219G206477.061m0.000B79G219G209657.564m0.001B81G219G218537.182m0.003B82G220G218955.469m0.0

40、00B83G220G219423.038m0.003B85G213G004241.000m0.001B88G213G212434.004m0.000B91G213G215598.475m0.000B89G215G212780.409m0.004B49G215G212780.400m0.004B86G215G004395.598m0.001B44G215G004395.573m0.003B62G215G209756.830m0.004B53G215G209756.818m0.001B60G215G216913.724m0.000B58G215G211447.862m0.001B47G215G21

41、1447.852m0.002B56G215G210771.275m0.0032）约束平差基线向量改正数统计表一高程改正改正数值4mm8mm10mm11mm14mm18mm19mm其他基线条数42413310表二距离改正改正数值<1mm2mm3mm4mm5mm为mm基线条数07533相邻点距离中误差统计表一相邻点距离中误差统计中误差/mm<123456数目/条075330表二相邻点距离中误差明细观测从点到点观测距离后验误差B36WH13WH15342.046m.002mB26WH04WH05173.005m.002mB19WH15WH04141.472m.002mB25WH04WH1

42、5141.472m.002mB34WH11WH12182.741m.002mB32WH11WH12182.741m.002mB21WH15WH13342.046m.002mB28WH06WH05157.596m.003mB20WH15WH05307.959m.003mB30WH13WH0572.844m.003mB24WH04WH13220.966m.003mB27WH04WH13220.966m.003mB31WH06WH14308.938m.004mB22WH04WH11531.985m.004mB23WH04WH12573.895m.004mB35WH12WH14560.327m.005

43、mB29WH05WH14187.979m.005mB33WH11WH14564.831m.005m3）附件 GPS控制网示意图 无约束平差坐标北坐标东坐标高度高程G0033379698.097m码534063.397m词14.746m?14.746m词G2033378825.189m国533889.147m国12.984m?12.984m国G2043378899.991m国533651.253m国20.128m?20.128m国G2063379159.182m国534194.697m国18.130m?18.130m国G2203379443.574m国534182.894m国17.476m?17

44、.476m国G2053379113.276m国533927.975m国14.402m?14.402m国G2073379328.914m国534025.821m国13.835m?13.835m国G0013378679.654m国534116.354m国19.718m?19.718m国G0023378677.968m码534164.236m词19.719m?19.719m钩G2193379404.122m国534603.984m国26.825m?26.825m国G2093379993.438m码534312.347m词19.771m?19.771m码G2113380302.504m码534413.

45、303m词55.393m?55.393m通G2123380164.396m码533863.292m词9.884m?9.884m电G0043380548.500m国534040.550m词19.626m?19.626m钩G2103380051.970m国534715.639m词41.205m?41.205m电G2183379460.318m国535138.203m国23.205m?23.205m国G2173379949.630m国535361.483m国21.175m?21.175m国G2133380594.310m国533803.988m国14.831m?14.831m国G2153380746.922m国534382.625m国9.223m?9.223m国G2163380208.508m国535120.881m国9.874m?9.874m国 无约束平差基线向量改正数观测从点到点后验误差ID(1.00s)B55粗差G211G210方向角0°00'00.6899"D高度.004m距离.001mB8G204G206方向角0°00'01.0330"D高度.007m