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1、2016阅读大赛样题PartIReadandKnowInPartI,youwillreadshorttextsofvariouskinds.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestions.(Timeallowed:22minutes)Questions1-3(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingquotes.Matchthequotesontheleftwiththepeopleontheright.Pleasenotetherearetwoextraopti
2、onsyoudonotneedtouse.A. John LockeB. ArchimedesC. AristotleD. Immanuel KantE. Steve Jobs1. Givemealeverlongenoughandafulcrumonwhichtoplaceit,andIshallmovetheworld.2. Moralityisnotthedoctrineofhowwemaymakeourselveshappy,buthowwemaymakeourselvesworthyofhappiness.3. Youcantconnectthedotslookingforward;
3、youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.Questions4(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Toensurethehighstandardsoffacilitiesweneedtobuildnewwards,laboratoriesandconsultingrooms.Inshort,w
4、eneedyourhelpnow.Completethecoupontodayandrestassuredthatyourdonationisgoingtothebestpossiblecause.4. Whereisthepieceoftexttakenfrom?|A.anadvertisementB.aninstructionbookletC.astoryD.anewspaperQuestions5(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.F
5、ewcornersoftheworldremainuntaintedbyintrepidtourists,andtheirimpactisoftendevastating.Toofrequentlytheytrampleheedlesslyonfragileenvironments,displacingwildlifeandlocalpopulationsintheirinsatiablequestforunexploredlocations.5. Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A. ThefutureoftourismB. TheroleoftourismC.
6、ThepriceoftourismD. ThebenefitsoftourismQuestions6(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Buyingandsellinganythingisyourfortenow.Ifyouvisitajumbleorcar-bootsaleorthelike,aromanticencounterismorethanprobable!Newslinkedtothefamilyisbrilliant!6. W
7、hattypeoftextisthis?A.Apersonaladvertisement.B. Apersonalhoroscope.C. Afriendsletterofadvice.D. Awrittenwarning.Questions7(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Withourtravelagency,theholidayyoubookistheholidayyouget.Ifyouarriveandfindwevefail
8、edtoliveuptoourpromises,letusknowwhattheproblemiswithinonedayofyourarrival.Wellsrhoursdoingeverythingpossibletosorttheproblemout.Intheunlikelyeventthatwecantresolveproblemandmakeyouhappywithin24hours,wellflyyouhomeandgiveyourmoneyback.7. Thetextcouldbestbedescribedas.A. acommitmentB. anappealC. awar
9、ningD. avowQuestions8(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Thenewdigitalcamerasaregreatfunandveryeasytouse.Theyletyoureviewyourpicturesthemomentyoutakethem,soyoucanre-shootrightawayifyourenotsatisfied.ButrememberdigitalcameraisjustacomputerXX
10、XX.Itsnotareplacementforyourordinarycamera.8. Whatisthemeaningofthemissingword(XXXX)inthetext?A. asomethingthatispoorquality”B. ”anitemthatisnotessential,somethingextra”C. ”somethingexpensivebutgoodvalueformoney”D. ”afashionwhichalwaysremainspopular”Questions9(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Direct
11、ions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Shehadgonealone,butthechildrenweretogotothestationtomeether.Andlovingthestationastheydid,itwasonlynaturalthattheyshouldbethereagoodhourbeforetherewasanychanceofMothertrainarriving,evenifthetrainwerepunctual,whichwasmostunlikely.9. Whatcanyousay
12、abouttheirmotherstrain?A. Itwouldprobablybeearly.B. Itwouldprobablybeontime.C. Itwouldprobablybelate.D. Ithadbeencancelled.Question10(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Thebarchartshowsthenumberandproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregions,from1990?1992to2014?2016.Answerthequest
13、ionaccordingtotheinformationinthechart.JII.RiRlhtit2015targetSource:TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG)Report201510. ChoosetheINCORRECTdescriptionaboutthechart.A. Currentestimatessuggestthatnearlyoneinnineindividualsdonothaveenoughtoeatbetween2014and2016.B. Projectionsindicatethatthe2015MDGtargetisne
14、arlyreached,with12.9percentofundernourishedpopulation.C. Thesituationnoticeablyimprovedduringtheyears1995-1999,butwentdowninthefirstfiveyearsofthenewmillennium.D. Theproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregionshasfallenbyalmosthalfsince1990.PartIIReadandReasonInPartII,youwillreadshorttexts
15、ondifferentsubjects.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonlogicalinferenceandreasoning.(Timeallowed:38minutes)Question11-12(Suggestedcompletiontime:10minutes)Directions:Readthedefinitionsoftwotypesoflogicalfallacy.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothedefinitions.PoisoningtheWellPoisonin
16、gthewellisarhetoricaltechniqueandlogicalfallacywhereadverseinformationaboutatargetispreemptivelypresentedtoanaudience,withtheintentionofdiscreditingorridiculingeverythingthatthetargetpersonisabouttosay.Itusestheassociationofnegativeemotionstodistractasubjectfromactualevidenceinanargument.11. Whichof
17、thefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofpoisoningthewell?A. Thatsmystanceonfundingtheeducationsystem,andanyonewhodisagreeswithmehateschildren.B.Youaresoweird.Thatmeansweareprettymuchsurethatyourwholefamilyisweird,too.C. GodexistsbecausetheBiblesaysso.TheBibleisinspired.Therefore,weknowthatGodexists.D.
18、Idontcarewhatyousay.Wedontneedanymorebookshelves.Aslongasthecarpetisclean,wearefine.FalseDilemmaAfalsedilemmaariseswhenweallowourselvestobeconvincedthatwehavetochoosebetweentwoandonlytwomutuallyexclusiveoptions,whenthatisuntrue.Generally,whenthisrhetoricalstrategyisused,oneoftheoptionsisunacceptable
19、andrepulsive,whiletheotheristheonethemanipulatorwantsustochoose.Whoeversuccumbstothistraphasthusmadeachoicethatisforced,andassuch,oflittlevalue.12. Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofafalsedilemma?A. Smokingisharmfultohealth,soyouaresupposedtoquitsmoking.B. Ifthegovernmentdoesntreducepublic
20、spending,oureconomywillcollapse.C. Youmayaswellavoidovereating,orelseyoumightbeobeseinnotime.D. Youaretheworstoftheclassmates;therefore,whatyousayisincredible.Questions13(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutsyllogism.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedonthepri
21、nciplesofsyllogism.Syllogismisakindoflogicalargumentthatappliesdeductivereasoningtoarriveataconclusionbasedontwoormorepropositionsthatareassertedorassumedtobetrue.Itisperhapstodaycommohlysmostacceptedformoflogicalreasoninginaptitudetests.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofsyllogismsiselucidatedinafrequentlyus
22、edexample:Premise1:Allmenaremortal.Premise2:Socratesisaman.Conclusion:Socratesismortal.NowpracticesyllogismsforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesntnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth.always13. Valid();Invalid()Premise1:Allhumanactionisconditionedbycircumstances.Premise2:Al
23、lhumanactioninvolvesmorality.Conclusion:Allthatinvolvesmoralityisconditionedbycircumstances.Questions14(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutcontraposition.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofcontraposition.Inlogic,contrapositionisalawthatsaysth
24、ataconditionalstatementislogicallyequivalenttoitscontrapositive.Thecontrapositiveofthestatementhasitsantecedentandconsequentinvertedandflipped.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofcontrapositioniselucidatedinthefollowingexample:Premise1:Ifitisraining,thentherearecloudsinthesky.Premise2:Therearenocloudsinthesky.
25、Conclusion:Itisnotraining.NowpracticecontrapositionforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesntnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth“always.14. Valid();Invalid()Premise1:IfheisnotanAmerican,heisnotfromTexas.Premise2:HeisfromTexas.Conclusion:HeisanAmerican.Questions15-17(Suggested
26、completiontime:6minutes)|Directions:Readthetextaboutasciencediscovery.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.ManipulatingMemoryMemoryisnotoriouslymalleable.Ourrecollectionsfadeandtakeonnewmeanings;sometimeswerememberthingsthatneverevenhappened.But15Recently,however,scientistshavestartedtograspandtinke
27、rwithmemorysphysicalbasis.Lastyear,inworkevocativeoffilmssuchasEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindandInception,researchersdiscoveredwaystomanipulatespecificmemoriesinmiceusingoptogenetics,apowerfultechniquethatcantriggernervecellsinanimalsbrainsbyzappingthemwithbeamsoflaserlight.Inaseriesofexperiments,
28、theyshowedthattheycoulddeleteexistingmemoriesand“incept“falseones.Thisyear,researcherswentevenfurther:switchingtheemotionalcontentofamemoryinmicefrombadtogoodandviceversa.Underthelaser,forexample,malemicethathadonceassociatedacertainroomwithbeingshockedweretrickedintoactingasthoughtheyhadoncemetfrie
29、ndlyfemalemicethereinstead.Whetherthemiceintheseexperimentsactuallyexperiencedvividfalsememoriesorjustafuzzysenseofpleasureorfearisunclear.Norisitclearwhetherthefindingsapplytothetricksofmemorysofamiliartopeople.Long-soughttherapeuticadvances,suchastreatmentsforpost-traumaticstressdisorder,couldrema
30、infaroff.Onethingiscertain,however:Onceconsideredbeyondscientificdissection,memoryisfinallystartingtoyielditssecrets.15. Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthepassage?A.whatisreallyhappeninginourbrainasmemoriesareremodeledremainsmysteriousB.scientistsarecuriousaboutwhypeopleareoblivioustow
31、hathavehappenedtothemC. advancedtechnologyhashelpedscientistsdiscovertheworkingsofourbrainD. somescientistsarguethatwhatweobserveabouthumanmemoryisnotwhatitreallyis16. Thewordincept“isclosestinmeaningto.E. operateF. startG. detectH. occupy17. Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?I. Peoples
32、falsememoriesresultfromtheimpactofdifferentemotionprovokedbylaterexperienceonthesamespot.J. Thesuccessinresearchindicatesthatitwontbelongthatatherapyisworkedoutforpeopledisturbedbypainfulmemory.K. Byzappingthebraincellsofmicewithlight,researchersareabletocreate,erase,oraltertheirmemories,goodorbad.L
33、. Manyfancyideasinsciencefictionsormoviesthatarebasedonthemactuallydrawgreatlyuponscientificachievement.Questions18-19(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageaboutcholera.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothepassage.AchildreceivestheoralcholeravaccineShan
34、cholCholeraiscausedbyabacterialinfectionoftheintestine.Approximatelyonein20peopleinfectedwithcholerahasaseriouscase,withsymptomsincludingseverediarrhea,vomiting,andlegcramps.Thesesymptomsquicklycausedehydrationandshock,andcanresultindeathwithinhoursiftheinfectedpersondoesntreceivetreatment.Cholerais
35、typicallytransmittedbycontaminatedfoodorwater.Inareaswithpoortreatmentofsewageanddrinkingwater,thefecesofpeoplewithcholeracanenterthewatersupplyandspreadquickly,resultinginanepidemic.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentinsomecoastalwaters,soshellfisheatenrawcanbeasourceofcholerainaffecteda
36、reas.18. Choleraisknowntobealife-threateningdiseasewhicheasilycausesdeathofmostofthepatients.True()False()19. Choleratypicallyoccursinareasneartheseaortheriverwherecontaminatedfoodisamajorsourceofthedisease.True()False()Questions20-21(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readtheabstractofares
37、earchpaperfromtheDeepMindwebsite.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtotheabstract.UwflOfrtr*1TeachingMachinestoReadandComprehendAuthors:K.M.Hermann,T.Ko?isky,E.Grefenstette,L.Espeholt,W.Kay,M.Suleyman,P.BlunsomPublished:NIPS2015Abstract:Teachingmachinestoreadnaturallanguagedocumentsrem
38、ainsanelusivechallenge.Machinereadingsystemscanbetestedontheirabilitytoanswerquestionsposedonthecontentsofdocumentsthattheyhaveseen,butuntilnowlargescaletrainingandtestdatasetshavebeenmissingforthistypeofevaluation.Inthisworkwedefineanewmethodologythatresolvesthisbottleneckandprovideslargescalesuper
39、visedreadingcomprehensiondata.Thisallowsustodevelopaclassofattentionbaseddeepneuralnetworksthatlearntoreadrealdocumentsandanswercomplexquestionswithminimalpriorknowledgeoflanguagestructure.20. Previousstudiesdidnttakeconstantefforttoevaluatethereadingabilityofartificialintelligencemachines,whichwasw
40、hythepresentresearchwasconducted.True()False()21. Oneimplicationoftheresearchisthatamethodologythathelpsgatherandhandlebigdataisindispensibletoartificialintelligencerelatedstudies.True()False()Questions22-23(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutthe“Thinksmall“advertisingcam
41、paign.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassage.dSvBl-AIT-rj4fe*ThinkSmallIfyoureinterestedinmarketingandadvertising,VolkswagensThinksmall“campaignfortheBeetkwasfirstintroducedtoNorthAmericain1959loomslargeasoneofthegreatestadvertisingcampaignsofalltime.Itwasntjustarevooutinautomotiveadvertising;itcha
42、ngedtheentireindustry.UntiltheBeetlehitthemarket,automotivemarketingcopywasfullofbluster,andtheimageswereflightsoffancy,emphasizinglow,longlinesandafantasylifestyle.Theclean,simplephotographyonawhitebackgroundthatemphasizedtheBeetlescompact,practicalformmayseemcommonplacethesedays,butitwasarevolutio
43、ninaworldwhereAmericansgrewupobsessedwithmusclecars,horsepower,andtiresmoke.Makingthecarsmall,whentheconventionwastomakeitfillthepage,wasalsonovel.Thesimplisticapproachtodesignandlayoutwastotallycontrarytotheadvertisingconventionsofthetime.22iThetextwasminimalistinbothlookandcontent,presentingthefac
44、tssimplyinsteadoftryingtoweavetalltalesandfantasies;andinsteadofbluster,itusheredinanintelligentsenseofhumorthatmadereadersfeelliketheywereinonthejoke.Themessagewasoneofsmartanti-luxury,andtookgentleaimatanindustryobsessedwithsuperficialityandstyling,ratherthanthesubstanceunderneaththecarbodies.Noto
45、nlydoes“Thinksmall“continuetoinspireVolkswagenadvertisingtothisday,itusheredinacreativerevolutionintheadvertisingbusinessandchangedtheworldofmarketingforever.Thinksmall”jpowerofhumorandhonesty,anditsphotographicanddesignprinciplesbroughtaboutamajorshiftinthelookandfeelofmarketingaroundtheworld.22. W
46、hichofthesentencesbelowbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthepassage?A. Whatdefinedtheadevenmorethanitsvisualstylewasthetoneofitscopy.B. Thisadstartsoffdoingtheexactoppositeofwhatyouwouldexpectinacarad.C. Thiswasanexerciseinminimalismandaveryaccuratereflectionontheproductitself.D. Thecarwasntdepictedasaninte
47、gralpieceofthedailylivesofamiddleclassfamily.23. Itcanbeinferredthattheadvertisingconventionsofthe1950swerereflectedinthefollowingexceptthat.A. theadsinthe1950stypicallyshowedproudownersandpassengersevokinggreatjoyaboutnewshinybigacquisitions.|B. themarketingconceptthenfocusedonprovidingasmuchinform
48、ationaspossibletothereadersuchasthewayitscreated.C. themarketingschemesassociatedtheadvertisedproductwithanideaorawayoflivingfromaverageconsumersperspective.D. themarketingpracticemayattachimportancetoasenseofhumorbroughtbytheuseofexaggeratedlanguage.PartIIIReadandQuestionInPartIII,youwillreadpassag
49、esonthesamesubject.Youwillberequiredtoidentifythewriterpositionandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthewritersarguments.(Timeallowed:30minutes)Questions24-35(Suggestedcompletiontime:30minutes)Directions:Readthreepassagesaboutfashion.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassages.PassageAItsnotthateasytoanswertheq
50、uestion,“whatisfashion?”becauseitmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Fashionisanart.Itsareligion.Itsajob.Itsapeekintoapersonality.Itspla:escapeoradisguise.Itisafeastfortheeyes.Butultimately,25.FrenchfashiondesignerCocoChaneloncesaid,“Fashionisnotsomethingthatexistsindressesonly.Fashionisinthesky,i
51、nthestreet,fashionhastodowithideas,thewaywelive,whatishappening.”Itstrue.Fashionisntdefinedsolelybyourclothingchoices,butisalsoconveyedthroughthewaywecarryourselves,ourpersonalitiesandourviewsoftheworld.Atitsmostfundamental,fashionissimplytheprevailingstyleorcustom,asindressorbehavior.So,whoexactlya
52、nswersthequestion“whatisfashion?WhodecideswhatsfashionableandwhatisnWhatsinorwhatsout?FashionDesigners.TheiconicfashionhousesPrada,Gucci,Chanelarereferredtoashautecouture,Frenchfor“highsewing.Thesedesignersleadthewayincreatingtrensettingfashion.Whilesomeoftheirdesignsareoutrageousandcompletelyunreal
53、isticwhenitcomestoeverydaywear,generallythethemeisadaptedintoversionssuitableforwearing.Media.Fashiontrendsareoftensparkedbycharactersonpopulartelevisionshowsandmoviesaswellasadoptedfrommagazinepages.SexandtheCity,“TheDevilWearsPrada,“theseshcedsiisttodunew,cutting-edgedesigns.Whileyoumightnotbecaug
54、htdeadwearingaCarrieBradshaworiginal,youmighttakeideasinspiredfromherlookandpiecetogetheryourowncreation.Celebrities.Aprimeexampleofacelebrity-drivenfashiontrend?UGGs.UntilKateHudsonandJessicaSimpsonwerespottedwearingthemaroundL.A.severalyearsago,noonehadgivenanythoughttoUGGboots.Nowtheyareeverywher
55、e.Musicians.Musicianshavealwaysbeenveryinfluentialwhenitcomestodictatingfashion.Rocknrollisfashion.Elvisisaniconicexample.Inthe1950s,everyonewantedtodresslikeElvis.Whatabouttheheavymetalhairbandssopopularinthe1980s?AxlRosereinventedtheheadbandanawhilePoison,MotleyCrueandBonJovisetthepaceforbig,rocke
56、rhair.|JustbecauseyoudontknowifaPradabagisfall2007orspring2008doesntmatter.Allthatmattersi;youlikeitanditsanexpressionofyou.Thatisfashion.PassageBFashionismoreprevalentinmodernsocietythaninprimitivetribesorpeasantcommunities.Themodernsocietyisanopensocietywhereclassdistinctionsarenotsorigidasinprimi
57、tivesociety.Itsurbanandmobileclassstructureenablespeopletocultivateindividualtasteandadoptnewcourse.Themodernsocietyismoretolerantofdifferencesandthereforeplacesfewshacklesonthecycleoffashion.Ourstandardsofjudgmenthavealsochanged.Todaytheindividualisratedmorebyobservableexternalitiesthanbyhisancestr
58、y,hischaracterorhisgenuineaccomplishments.Theclothesamanwears,thelanguagehespeaks,themannersheshowshavemoreweightinascribingastatusthanhissimplicity,patriotismandintegrity.Ifhecankeephimselfuptodateinthemattersofhisdress,speechandmanners,hewillassurehimselfahighsocialesteem.Notonlythemobileandurbancharacterofmodernsocietybutitsaffluencealsospeaksforgreaterprevalenceoffashioninit.Mentodayarericherthantheirancestorsandhavemoreleisure.Theyhavethenec
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