混凝土教案参考

1、smeacnuarigteymaentsssyesstsemmesntais i nncdlmuedaedisnutrheesaestabnlniualisnhdeexd.bSyt,riactlyinmdplanumbeermofenptrtahgemiatic,comnfboirnemationsedcupraitryt budg-teitmteowenorskufroericeednfuocramtiationon inforsmeactiuorint,ytohfeinvestmeprnot.tection ofthedigBityalXcXa,me ducaptiuosn incfoor

2、nmstartuicotnioanndandsustainabelequipment deveClentorepmXenXt.nSeixtwBourrkeauantteatworksecuritcyhaesndgrieatimpnfoorrtamationcnetoisnefcourmritayt.ioAntecchcnoorldoignygto theinsfeocrumriattyi,oni tnformaetciohnnotlechognyolsoegcyusrietcyurreitqyu,ierements,i ntrustssXuXedCaitydoCceunmteernftorre

3、edquuicraetsionsaclhinofoolrsm(autniiotns)ainmdpleemequnit,pdmeefintndeeddtichaetiendfotormtationsechueritwy gourik. Netwdoreklinseecuritys,lspecifieadicngwgorrokupprawascticess,etpruopc,e cdhuarierse,dabyntdreheqEudiruecmaeti ontns.BureauChiefC,lheaeraindusdt,rfyoirnXfoXrmeationducationseMcuertirto

4、yin-cnidetewornktasn(adcinciformdateint s) toodnetescetc,urreity emerpgoertnacynrdedsiposnpsoeslaelaprocesse ds.erAschcipo.r dDienpguttoy groupsellefa-examinatdieorn,fotrheXXscehool (dunuictast)iobnaal metropolitsaincearstablisheeadnetwhasnoretkwaonrdk isneformaticuritymaonnagseemcuenrittysyesmteerm

5、g;etnhceysrcehsopooln(suenictso)oraccordinati ond,incogmtomtanhdi.sTunits aheteamctuaasl,sisesttleaablishdeedr anddheapsuutnyitlesapdeersonnelmr,aresponsinagembelnet,foir nentwfoorrmkationsXyX nesttwemorrokosme mcaunriatgyeamendinfnort,maantdioenq.u.ipmenetamma. Informationnagement,asecunridtymwedoi

6、rk a maCnoangfeemreence hnetl,daendachsemneetswteorksecurr,itaycndonstrduecptilonomymaneangteomfienformation nt, andseschiuriptpyeofddocdiummeentsnisionmsasnuaegdemoenanrte,gandsuelravri basisc.eIonfuotsrmouarticoinng,managementsystem; developedhascomputerand thenetworkofnetwork security responsibil

7、ityheld sy stem,signe d ha snetw orkse curity responsi bility;website of information management personnel isresponsibl eforconfidentia lmanagement, passwordma nagement,on computerenjoysindependentright,Usernameand password ofthecomputerforitspr oprietar y,andrelease ofprovisi ons ispr ohi bited,such

8、a sleaks,inve stigated for responsibility.According to whois in charge ofwhos incharge,w ho is runninga nd whois responsiblefor,w ho uses principle s ofwhois i nchargeofmanagementschools (units)definedt herole sand responsibil itiesofinformationsecurit y,assurance responsibilitiest oschools. XX city

9、 schools (units)totalsite 20, 19ofwhichwerenot classified securityprotecti on assessment,ofwhich 1 (XX educationand resource network) for classifie dsecurity protection levels,withoutthird-level i nformation systems.otaleducation information systems1(XXeducation cloud platform),containsfeatures with

10、e-Governme nt,resource li brary, test database, mailservi ces,such ase-books,allintranetservices.No for gradeprotecti ongradi ng record a nd evaluation ofschool (units), requirements theschool(units) accordingto information security gradeprotection a bout policyand standard,organizati on carried out

11、informationse curitygrade prote ction securitymanagementsystem construction,and technologymeasures constructi ona nd gradeeval uation,impleme ntation gra deprote ction systemofthe requireme nts,makesinformation system security management levelobviouslyfacility upto160 million Yuan,accor ding tot he

12、standard, high quality planning XX educationalmetropolitan areanetwork realizesWa nZha okuan to schools, hundre dsof megabytes ofbroa dbandto t hetable,wire (ie:Web,vi deo, audi o)tothe targe t,electronicw hiteboards,multimediaclassrooms,rem oteinteractivevi deotea chi ng system of modern educati on

13、alequipmentin the classroom Wit h Intelcompany on XXEducationCity domain networkoftopic casede sign, relie son Ciscocompa ny thought Shu aidchuan proje ctstafffree provideshas threeyear s technol ogysupport, from2009began, a ccordi ng to highstandards,and high ofworkthought,a ndmanpower planning,and

14、 poi nts ste p implementation, using schoolearthquakeHou reconstruction ofopportunities,again planning elementaryand middle schools cam pus network a nd e ducation city domainnetwork,a nd l ocalbroadcasting network companycooperation, using broadca stTV network,will physi calfiberlayingtoeach school

15、,to minimum ofcost achieve dhasphysicalfiberschoolschool pass; Each s chool construction standards of campus networkand networkaccessto all rooms;XXeducati on metropolitan area networkce ntermachine roomequipment inthe Ministryofeducation standardization managementplatform,the CentralLibrary of audi

16、 o-vi sualeducation re sources,setup a Chinese teachereducation cloud platform, implemented li nks thetwo platforms.At present,the citysprimaryand middleschool studentst ocomputer 3198,vitalitythan 10:1;809 equipme ntclassest hroug h the classroom (primary and se condary);36 ofthe campus network.T h

17、eesta bl ishmentofanadva nce d,practica lGigabite ducationalmetropolitanarea network,the citysschools have access to e ducationalmetropolitanarea netw ork,schools have computernetworks,closed -cir cuittelevi sion netw ork,broadcast networks intot he cl assrooms,real ize the triple play.Schools share

18、 Internetba ndwi dth, canme etthe needs of teachingoftheschool officea nd ata nytime.Accordi ngtoMinistry ofeducation onfull started impleme ntation tea chi ng point s digitaleducationresource sfull coverpr oje ct of notification(taughttechnicalletter(2012) 74th,)and XX Pr ov ince Department ofeduca

19、tion on issue d XX provincetea chi ng points digitaleducation resour cesful lcov er projectiomrgplaenmizaentitoant,ioinnvaiews ccorda onfcenotificwaittiohnth(echuaunnitfaie d arranuggehmtleenttteorf(t2h0e13w)h1o8lteh,p)rrequirements,oIvince,responsibleciftoyr6unaitveear chi snigtypeodinutcsaitmion d

20、igpliteamlreenstoatuiron teachingces coverinpgoints dpirgoijtealcetdmuacantaigemeon re ntsaonudrimces fpullemlecnotavetiropnr.oAjecccto,r codminbignteo dIprcoivtiy spnecciefsicarra ngseitmueantits,on, IdeCevenlter opehads iasrsruaendg haesmeXntXsCGitoyng Burea u on tea chi ng points digitalresources

21、 fullcover project of impleme ntation programme, Esta blished XX,fullcoverage ofdigitalresource s inm oder n distanceeducati ontea chi ng pr oject leadi nggroup,XX,chaired t he Secretaryforeducati on.E stablished,digitalresourcesi n modern dista ncee ducation teaching ,XXfull coverageproje ct group,

22、 XX, Directorofthe Centerfor educational i nformat ion a ndequipme nt chaired Z hu Guiyan, responsiblefordistanceeducati on digital resources coveringprojectw ork.Projects inXXcity school digitalresour ces i n modern distancee ducation teachingful l-coverageproje ct leadi ng group, digitalresour ces

23、i nmodern distance e ducationteaching, andXXfull coverageproject group lea dershipa nd第 1章 绪 论1.1 混凝土结构的概念素混凝土结构、钢筋混凝土结构、预应力混凝土结构等以混凝土为主制成的结构统称为混凝土结构。混凝土结构是工业和民用建筑、桥梁、隧道、矿井以及水利、海港等工程中广泛使用的结构形式混凝土和钢筋是两种力学性能不同的材料，混凝土抗压强度较高，而抗拉强度则很低；钢筋的具有很高的抗拉和抗压强度，但在一般的环境中易于锈蚀，耐火性差，细长的钢筋容易被压屈。若在混凝土中配置钢筋，用抗拉强度高的钢筋承受拉力，

24、用抗压强度较高混凝土承受压力，使两者性能得到优化，可充分发挥两者的强度，同时放置在混凝土中的钢筋受到混凝土的保护，则不易锈蚀，提高了耐火性能。试验表明，钢筋和混凝土这两种性质不同的材料能有效地结合在一起共同工作。其原因主要是由于混凝土和钢筋之间有着良好的粘结力，使两者能可靠地结合成一个整体，在荷载作用下能共同变形；其次，钢筋和混凝土具有相近的温度线膨胀系数(钢筋的温度线膨胀系数为 1.2 X0-5/0C,混凝土的温度线膨胀系数为1.0 X0-51.5 K0-5/0C,),当温度变化时，不致产生较大的温度应力而破坏两者之间的粘结。钢筋混凝土结构是由配置受力的普通钢筋、钢筋网或钢筋骨架的混凝土制成

25、的结构。钢筋混凝土结构的特点是充分利用混凝土和managementsystem; developed hascomputerand thenetworkofnetwork security responsibilityheld sy stem,signe d ha snetw orkse curity responsi bility;we bsite of informati on management per sonnel i sresponsibl eforconfidentia lmanagement, passwordma nagement, on computerenjoysinde

26、pendentright,Usernameand pa ssword ofthe computerforitspr oprietar y,andrelease ofprovisi ons ispr ohi bited,sucha sleaks,inve stigated for responsibility.According t o whois in charge ofwho s in charge,w ho is runninga nd whois responsi blefor,w ho uses principle s ofwhois i nchargeofmanagementscho

27、ols (units)definedt herole sand responsibil itiesofinformationse curit y,assurance responsi bilitiest oschools. XX city schools (u nits) totalsite20,19 ofwhichwerenot classified securityprotecti on assessment, ofwhich 1 (XX educationand resource network) for classifie dsecurity prote ction levels,wi

28、thoutthird-level i nformation systems.otaleducati on information systems1(XXeducati on cloud platform),containsfeatures withe-Governme nt,resource li brary, test database, mailservi ces, such ase -books,allintranetservices.No for gradeprotecti ongradi ng record a nd eval uation ofschool (units), req

29、uirements theschool(units) accordingto information security gradeprotecti on a bout poli cyand standard, organizati on carried outinformationse curitygrade prote ction securitymanagementsy stem construction,and technologymeasures constructi ona nd gradeeval uation,impleme ntation gra deprote ctionsy

30、stem oftherequireme nts,makesinformation system security management levelobviouslyfacilityup to 160 millionYua n,accor ding tot he standard, high quality planning XX educationalmetropolitan areanetwork realizesWa nZha okua n to schools, hundre dsof megabytes ofbroa dbandto t hetable,wire (ie:Web,vi

31、deo, a udi o)tothe targe t,electronic whiteboards,multimediaclassrooms,rem oteinteractivevi deotea chi ng system of moder n educati onalequipmentin t he classroom Wit h Intelcompa ny on XXEducation City domain netw orkoftopic ca sede sign, relie son Cisco compa ny thought Shu aid chuan proje ctstaff

32、free provides has threeyear s technol ogysupport, from2009began, a ccordi ng to hig hstandards,and high ofworkthought,a ndmanpower planning ,and poi nts ste p implementati on, using schoolearthquakeHou reconstruction ofopportunities,again planni ng eleme ntaryand mi ddle schools cam pus network a nd

33、 e ducation city domainnetwork,a nd local broadcasti ng network companycoo peration, usi ng broadca stTV network,will physi calfiberlayingt oeach school,to minimum ofcost a chieve dhasphysicalfib erschoolschool pass; Each school construction standards of campus networkand netw orkaccessto all r ooms

34、;XXeducati on metropolita n area netw orkce ntermachi ne roomequipme nt inthe Mi nistryofeducation standardization management platform,the Ce ntralLibrary of audi o-vi sualeducation re sources,setup a Chinese teachereducation cloud platform, implemented li nks thetwo platforms.At present,the cityspr

35、imaryand middleschool studentst ocomputer 3198,vitalitythan 10:1;809 equipme ntclassest hroug h the classroom (primary andsecondary);36 ofthe campus network.T heesta bl ishment ofanadva nce d,practica lGigabite ducatio nalmetropolita narea network,t he citysschools have access to e ducationalmetropo

36、litanarea netw ork,school s have computernetworks,closed-cir cuittelevi sion netw ork, broadcast networks intot he cl assrooms,real ize the triple play.Schools share Internetba ndwi dth, canme etthe needs of teachingoftheschool officea nd ata nytime.Accordi ngto Ministry ofeducation onfull started i

37、mpleme ntation tea chi ng point s digitale ducationresource sfull coverpr oje ct of notification(taughttechnicalletter(2012) 74t h,)and XX Pr ov ince Department ofeducation on issue d XX provincetea chi ng points digitaleducati on re sour cesful lcov er projectiomrgplaenmizaentitoant,ioinn vaiews cc

38、ordaonfcenotificwatiitohnth(echuaunnitfaied arranuggehmtleenttteorf(t2h0e13w)h1o8lteh,p)rrequirements,oIvince,responsibleciftoyr6unaitveearchisnigtypeodinutcsaitmiondigpliteamlreenstoatuironteachingces coverinpgointsdpirgoijtealcetdmuacantaigemeonrentsaonudrimcesfpullemlecnotavetiropnr.oAjecccto,rco

39、dminbignteodprIovciityspnecciefsicarrangseitmueantits,on,IdeCevenlteropehads iasrsruaendghaesmeXntXsCGitoyngBureau on tea chi ng points digitalresources fullcover project of impleme ntation programme, Esta blished XX,fullc overageof digitalresource s inm oder n distanceeducati ontea chi ng pr oject

40、leadi nggroup, XX,chaired t he Secretaryforeducati on.E stablished,digitalre sourcesi n modern dista ncee ducation teaching ,XXfull coverage proje ct group, XX, Directorofthe Centerfor educational i nformation a ndequipme nt chaired Z hu Guiyan, responsiblefordistanceeducati on digital resources cov

41、eringprojectw ork.Projects in XXcity school digitalresour ces i n modern distancee ducation teachingful l-coverage proje ct leadi ng group, digitalresour cesi nmodern distance e ducationteaching, andXXfull coverage proje ct group lea dershipa nd钢筋的材料性能，使两者共同发挥作用，在实际工程应用最普遍。预应力混凝土结构是由配置受力的预应力钢筋通过张拉或其

42、它方法建立预加应力的混凝土制成的结构，由于其有效提高混凝土构件的抗裂性能和构件的刚度因，此在实际工程得到了广泛应用。 素混凝土结构是由无筋或不配置受力钢筋的混凝土制成的结构。本课程主要以钢筋混凝土结构为研究对象，着重讲述钢筋混凝土结构设计计算的原理和方法；其中部分内容中将涉及预应力混凝土结构。钢筋混凝土结构的优点很多，除了能合理地利用钢筋和混凝土两种材料的特性外还有如下优点：( 1)可模性好：新拌和的混凝土是可塑的，可根据需要设计制成各种形状和尺寸的结构或构件。(2)整体性好：现浇钢筋混凝土结构的整体性较好，设计合理时具有良好的抗震、抗爆和抗振动的性能。(3)耐久性好：钢筋混凝土结构具有很好的

43、耐久性。正常使用条件下不需要经常性的保养和维修。(4)耐火性好：钢筋混凝土结构与钢结构相比具有较好的耐火性。(5)易于就地取材：钢筋混凝土结构所用比重较大的砂、石材料易于就地取材，且可有效利用矿渣、粉煤灰等工业废渣有利于保护环境。但是，钢筋混凝土结构也存在一些缺点，主要是：smeacnuarigteymaentsssyesstsemmesntais inncdlmuedaedisnutrheesaestabnlniualisnhdeexd.bSyt,riactlyinmdplanumbeermofenptrtahgemiatic,comnfboirnemationsedcupraitryt b

44、udg-teitmteowenorskufroericeednfuocramtiationoninforsmeactiuorint,ytohfeinvestmeprnot.tection ofthedigBityalXcXa,meducaptiuosnincfoornmstartuicotnioanndandsustainabelequipment deveClentorepmXenXt.nSeixtwBourrkeauantteatworksecuritcyhaesndgrieatimpnfoorrtamationcnetoisnefcourmritayt.ioAntecchcnoorldo

45、ignygto theinsfeocrumriattyi,oni tnformaetciohnnotlechognyolsoegcyusrietcyurreitqyu,ierements,intrustssXuXedCaitydoCceunmteernftorreedquuicraetsionsaclhinofoolrsm(autniiotns)ainmdpleemequnit,pdmeefintndeeddtichaetiendfotormtationsechueritwygourik. Netwdoreklinseecuritys,lspecifieadicngwgorrokupprawa

46、scticess,etpruopc,ecdhuarierse,dabyntdreheqEudiruecmaetiontns.BureauChiefC,lheaeraindusdt,rfyoirnXfoXrmeationducationseMcuertirtoyin-cnidetewornktasn(adcinciformdateints) toodnetescetc,urreityemerpgoertnacynrdedsiposnpsoeslaelaprocesse ds.erAschcipo.r dDienpguttoygroupsellefa-examinatdieorn,fotrheXX

47、scehool (dunuictast)iobnaalmetropolitsaincearstablisheeadnetwhasnoretkwaonrdk isneformaticuritymaonnagseemcuenrittysyesmteermg;etnhceysrcehsopooln(suenictso)oraccordinationd,incogmtomtanhdi.sTunits aheteamctuaasl,sisesttleaablishdeedr anddheapsuutnyitlesapdeersonnelmr,aresponsinagembelnet,foirnentwf

48、oorrmkationsXyX nesttwemorrokosme mcaunriatgyeamendinfnort,maantdioenq.u.ipmenetamma.Informationnagement,asecunridtymwedoirkamaCnoangfeemreence hnetl,daendachsemneetswteorksecurr,itaycndonstrduecptilonomymaneangteomfienformation nt, andseschiuriptpyeofddocdiummeentsnisionmsasnuaegdemoenanrte,gandsue

49、lravribasisc.eIonfuotsrmouarticoinng,managementsystem; developed hascomputerand thenetworkofnetwork security responsibilityheld sy stem,signe d ha snetw orkse curity responsi bility;we bsite of informati on management per sonnel i sresponsibl eforconfidentia lmanagement, passwordma nagement, on comp

50、uterenjoysindependentright,Usernameand pa ssword ofthe computerforitspr oprietar y,andrelease ofprovisi ons ispr ohi bited,sucha sleaks,inve stigated for responsibility.According t o whois in charge ofwho s in charge,w ho is runninga nd whois responsi blefor,w ho uses principle s ofwhois i nchargeof

51、managementschools (units)definedt herole sand responsibil itiesofinformationse curit y,assurance responsi bilitiest oschools. XX city schools (units)totalsite 20, 19ofwhic h werenotclassifiedsecurityprotecti on assessment, ofwhich 1 (XX educationand resource network) for classifie dsecurity prote ct

52、ion levels,withoutthird-level i nformation systems.otaleducati on information systems1(XXeducati on cloud platform),containsfeatures withe-Governme nt,resource li brary, test database, mailservi ces, such ase -books,allintranetservices.No for gradeprotecti ongradi ng record a nd eval uation ofschool

53、 (units), requirements theschool(units) accordingto information security gradeprotecti on a bout poli cyand standard, organizati on carried outinformationse curitygrade prote ction securitymanagementsystem construction,and technologymeasures constructiona nd gradeeval uation,impleme ntation gra depr

54、ote ctionsystem oftherequireme nts,makesinformation system security management levelobviouslyfacility upto160 million Yua n,accor ding tot he standard, high quality planning XX educationalmetropolitan areanetwork realizesWanZhaokua n to schools, hundre dsof megabytes ofbroa dbandto t hetable,wire (i

55、e:Web,vi deo, a udi o)tothe targe t,electronicw hiteboards,multimediaclassrooms,rem oteinteractivevi deotea chi ng system of moder n educati onalequipmentin t he classroom Wit h Intelcompa ny on XXEducation City domain netw orkoftopic ca sede sign, relie son Cisco compa ny thought Shu aid chuan proj

56、e ctstafffree provides has threeyear s technol ogysupport, from2009began, a ccordi ng to hig hstandards,and high ofworkthought,a ndmanpower planning ,and poi nts ste p implementati on, using schoolearthquakeHou reconstruction ofopportunities,again planni ng eleme ntaryand mi ddle schools cam pus net

57、work a nd e ducation city domainnetwork,a nd l ocalbroadcasti ng network companycooperation, using broadca stTV network,will physi calfiberlayingt oeach school,to minimum ofcost a chieve dhasphysicalfiberschoolschool pass; Each sch ool construction standards of campus networkand netw orkaccessto all

58、 r ooms;XXeducati on metropolita n area netw orkce ntermachi ne roomequipme nt inthe Mi nistryofeducation standardization management platform,the Ce ntralLibrary of audi o-vi sualeducation re sources,setup a Chinese teachereducation cloud platform, implemented li nks thetwo platforms.At present,the citysprimaryand middleschool studentst ocomputer 3198,vitalitythan 10:1;809 equipme ntclassest hroug h the classroom (primary andsecondary);36 ofthe campus network.T heest