2012年高考真题——英语北京卷版

1、2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟.考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1、5分，共7、5分）听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话或独白你将听一遍.例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A、AnewspaperB、 AmagazineC、 Abook答案是A.1. Whoa

2、nsweredthephone？C、TomC、IndianC、8:50amC、TenniscourtC、SunnyA.MikeB、Henry2. Whatsthewomansfavouritefood?A.Italian、B、Chinese、3. WhendoesthefirstflightarriveinDetroit?A.5:18am、B、6:10am4. Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.ZooB、Telephone5. Whatwilltheweatherbelikeattheweekend?A.Cloudy、B、Snowy、第二节（共10小题，每小题1、5分，共1

3、5分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题.听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白你将听两遍.听第6段材料，回答第6至7题.6. Wherearethetwospeakers?C、InarestaurantC、$140C、VisitedafriendC、GotoadanceA.InthehotelBInashop7. Howmuchdidthemanpayintheend?A.$115、B、$130听第7段材料，回答第8至9题.8. Whatdidthemandolastw

4、eekend?A.WatchedTV、B、Stayedathome、9. Whatwillthewomanprobablydothisweekend?A.Playtennis、B、Dosomeshopping听第8段材料，回答第10至12题.10. Wherearethenewhouses?A.Onthemainroad、B、Closetoabusstation、C、Nearthesportscenter、11. Whatdoesthewomanlikemostaboutthenewhouses?A.Thegarden、B、Thespace、C、Thequietness12. Howdoest

5、hemanfeelaboutthewoman'ssuggestion?A.Delighted、B、Disappointed、C、Uninterested、听第9段材料，回答第13至15题.13. Whatcan'tthestudentsdowithoutateacher?A. Holdparties、B. CompletetheSafetySheet、C. Useanyemergencyequipment、14. Whyarethestudentsaskedtotiebacktheirloosehourinthelab?A. ItmaycatchfireB. Itmaycove

6、rtheireyes、C. Itmaypasschemicalstotheirfaces、15. Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?A. Laboratoryregulations、B. Safetyinstructions、C. After-classactivities、第三节（共5小题：每小题1、5分，共7、5分）听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍.TelephoneCancellationRequestFormAccountNameEdward16

7、TelephoneNo、17HomePhonePlanNonrefundable（不退款）18pre-paidplanReasonforCancellation19houseCancellationDateRequired209,by5:00pm第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.例：It'ssonicetohearfromheragain,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsagoA、What'smoreB、That

8、'stosayC、InotherwordsD、Believeitornot答案是D.21、-Lookatthoseclouds!-Don'tworry、itrains,we'llstillhaveagreattime、D、IfonlyD、isgettingD、correctingA、EvenifB、AsthoughC、Incase22、 Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmealcoldA、getsB、hasgotC、willget23、 OnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthemA、cor

9、rectsB、correctC、tocorrect24、 Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelthecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently、A、whyB、howC、thatDwhether25、 Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe、A、wouldn'tB、didn'tC、hasn'tD、hadn't,hewouldforgetallabouteatingC、whereD、whenUsedD、Touse26、 Whende

10、eplyabsorbedinwork,heoftenwasorsleeping、A、thatB、which27、 withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks、A、UseB、UsingC、28、 Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneeds、A、someB、lessC、muchD、more29、 Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?-Yes,fortunatelynoone、A、hurtB、washurtC、hashurtD、hadbeenhurt30、

11、Ourfriendshipquicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed、A、haddevelopedB、wasdevelopingC、woulddevelopD、developed31、 atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please、A、KnockB、KnockingC、KnockedD、Toknock33、Wethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellme?A、shouldfaceB、mightfaceC、couldhavefacedD、musthavefaced34、 Doyouthinkthis

12、shirtistootighttheshoulders?A、atB、onC、toD、across35、 Don'thandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel、A、isB、wereC、hasbeenD、hadbeen第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1、5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Inspiration“Mama,whenIgrowup,Imgoingtobeoneofthose!”IsaidthisafterseeingtheCapitalDancingCompanyperfor

13、mwhenIwasthree、Itwasthefirsttimethatmy_36_tookonasdreamvividformandactedassomethingimportanttostartmytraining、AsIgrewolderandwas37tomore,myinterestsintheworldofdance_38variedbutthatlittlegirlofsomedaybecominga_39inthecompanyneverleftme、Inthesummerof2005whenIwas18,Ireceivedthephonecallwhichmadethatdr

14、eama_40_;Ibecameamemberofthecompany_41_backto1925、AsIlookbackonthatdaynow,itsurely_42anysenseofreality、IbelieveIstayedinastateofpleasantdisbelief_43Iwashalfwaythroughrehearsals（排练）onmyfirstday、Ineveractually_44_togetthejob、Afterbeingofferedtheposition,Iwascompletely_45_、Iremembershakingwithexcitemen

15、t、ThoughIwasabsolutelythrilledwiththechange,itdidnotcomewithoutitsfairshareof46、Throughthestrictrehearsalperiodofdancingsixdaysaweek,Ifounditvitalto_47_upthematerialfastwitheverylastbitofconcentration、Itisthatextreme_48_todetail（细节）andstressonpracticethatsetus_49、Tothenfollowthosehigh-energyrehearsa

16、ls_50_abusyshowscheduleofuptofiveperformancesaday,Idiscoveredanew51ofthewords“hardwork、”WhatIthoughtweremyphysical52werepushedmuchfurtherthanIthought_53、Ilearnedtomakeeachperformancebetterthanthelast、Today,whenIlookattheunbelievablecompanythatIhavethegreat_54_ofbeingapartof,notonlyasamember,butasada

17、ncecaptain,Iseea_55_thathasinspirednotonlygenerationsoflittlegirlsbutasplendidcompanythatcontinuestodevelopandgrow-andinspirespeopleeverydaytofollowtheirdreams、36、A、hobbyB、planC、dreamD、word37、AconnectedB、expandedC、exposedD、extended38、A、rarelyB、certainlyC、probablyD、consistently39、A、directorB、trainerC

18、、leaderD、dancer40、A、symbolB、memoryC、truthD、reality41、A、bouncingB、datingC、turningD、tracking42、A、lacksB、addsC、makesD、brings43、A、whileB、sinceC、untilD、when44、A、CaredB、ExpectedC、AskedD、Decided45、A、motivatedB、relaxedC、convincedD、astonished46、A、challengesB、profitsC、advantagesD、adventures47、A、putB、mixC、buil

19、dD、pick48、A、AttentionB、associationC、attractionD、adaptation49、A、apartB、asideC、offD、back50 、A、overbeyond51 、A、functionD、usage52 、A、boundarieseffortsB、byB、meaningB、problemsC、withC、expressionC、barriersD、D、53、A、necessaryB、perfectC、properD、possible54、A、responsibilitytalentB、honorC、potentialD、55、A、第三部分：阅读理

20、解（共两节，第一节（共victoryB、trend40分）15小题；每小题2分，共30分）C、traditionD、desire阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.ATheBasicsofMathMadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas、These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanundersta

21、ndingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra（代数）andbeyond、ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic、Theyalsolookintoexponents（指数）,theorderofoperations,andsquareroots、Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathema

22、ticaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically、BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents、Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematic

23、alknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening、Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazingandcompletelyunderstandablefieldofstudy、Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath、Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery（神秘性）ofmathemat

24、icsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined、Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges、ProfessorH、Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwa

25、ysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious、Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary、WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr、SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege、Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumb

26、eroflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers、Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer、Oryoucangetyourmoneyback、56、 WhatdoesthecourseBasicMathmainlycover?A、Algebra、B、CollegeMathematics、C、Arithmetic、D、MathematicsEducation、57、 Whatbenefitscanst

27、udentsexpectfromBasicMath?A、 Strongerimaginativeability、B、 Additionalpresentationskills、C、 Moremathematicalconfidence、D、 Greaterchancesofbecomingteachers、58、WhatcanwelearnaboutProfessorH、Siegel?A、 HeisaguestlectureratKentuckyEducationalTelevision、B、 Heistodeliver30lecturesinBasicMath、C、 HeworksinGeo

28、rgiaStateUniversity、D、 Hespecializesintrainingteachers、59 、Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A、Anewsreport、B、AbookreviewC、Alessonplan、D、AnadvertisementBPeanutstoThisProudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes、Confused

29、,Iglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher、Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself、”Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?"Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask、ThiswasthefirstrealtalkIreceivedinmynewschool、Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandfindinformatio

30、naboutamannamedGeorgeWashington、Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore、AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortof

31、armyacrossAmerica、Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant、Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice;flip（扶）acoin、Headsthecommander,andtailsthepeanutsguy、Ah!Tails,myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver、Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwa

32、stotallylost、Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong、Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution、”Thewholeworldbecamequite!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviously,mygradewasawful、H

33、eartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnthisaround、ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore-dos;nonewgrade、Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance、Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear、Tenmonthslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsitting

34、intheheadmastersofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation、Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyoptiontoskipthesixthgrade、Justiceissweet!60 、Whatdidtheauthorsclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?A、Controversial、B、Ridiculous、C、

35、Boring、D、Puzzling、61 、Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?A、 HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory、B、 Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin、C、 Heforgothisteachersinstruc、tionD、Hewasnewattheschool、62 、Theunderlinedword“burning”inP、ara3probablymeans、A、annoyedB、ashamedC、readyD、eager63 、Intheend,theauthorturn

36、edthingsaround、A、byredoinghistaskB、throughhisowneffortsC、withthehelpofhisgrandfatherD、undertheguidanceofhisheadmasterCDecision-makingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenega

37、tive（负面的）consequencesofadecision、Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways、“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMa、ther“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress、”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages（影像）

38、witheitherrewardsorpunishments、Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater、Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepu

39、nishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadntgonethroughthestress、Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress-atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind、Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutad

40、oubleeffect、Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled、Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen、Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobediffere

41、nt、Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway、Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin、Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymight

42、alsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction、64 、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto、A、keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB、recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC、makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD、le

43、arnasubjectmoreeffectively65 、Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir、A、waysofmakingchoicesB、preferenceforpleasureC、toleranceofpunishmentsD、responsestosuggestions66、Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,、A、womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabitsB、menhaveagreatertendenc

44、ytoslowdownC、womenfocusmoreonoutcomesD、menaremorelikelytotakerisksDWilderness“Inwilderness（荒野）isthepreservationoftheworld、”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism、Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewilderness

45、attheheartofwhatistobepreserved、AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly、Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）is

46、real、Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneedtherainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities、ToMr、Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation、LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview、Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulse

47、rvices,suchaswaterconservation、Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation、ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival、Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereissti

48、llagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance、Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso、Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers、Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurth

49、er,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants、Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly、Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm、Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsot

50、heguidanceofreason、Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking、67、JohnSauvenholdsthat、A、 manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB、 exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC、 wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD、 theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstro

51、ng68、WhatisthemainideaofPara、3?A、 Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople、B、 Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials、C、 Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation、D、 Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally、69、Whatistheauthor'sattitudet

52、owardsthisdebate?A、Objective、B、Disapproving、C、Sceptical、D、Optimistic、70、Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?B、A、C、D、CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点）C:Conclusion第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.EmpathyLastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganrep

53、ortedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years、71Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs、JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation、TurnontheTV,andyou'reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect、72