2012届高考英语阅读理解限时训练题有答案

1、2012届高考英语阅读理解限时训练题（有答案）高三英语阅读理解限时训练（8）ADiorwasborninNormandyin1905,andhisfamily'soriginalplansforhimincludedacareerinthediplomaticservice,butbythetimehewastwenty-three,withhisparents'money,heopenedasmallartgalleryinParis.By1931,themoneyhadbeenusedup.Dior'sfriendsintheartgallery,askedhimt

2、odrawandhetookhisfirststepatdesigninganddrawing.HisfirstjobwaswithLucienLelongfromwhomDiorlearnedhiscraft（手艺）.InFebruary,1947,DiorstartedtheNewLookinhisfirstmajorPariscollection.Hewasbackedbyafamoustextileproducer,Boussac,wholookedafterthedollars,whileDiorlookedafterthefashions.Diorknewnothingaboutc

3、uttingandsewing,buthewasgoodatfashiondesign.TheNewLookstartedanentirelydifferentlooktocostume,withatinywaist,aroundedshoulderandashapelybust（胸围）,usuallywithalow-cutnecklineandalongfullskirt.Towomenwhohadlivedthroughthewaryears,thefemalenessoftheNewLookwasagreatsuccess,forpeopleweretiredofextremelypl

4、ain,wartimerestrictivefashions.ItissaidthatdressesbyDiorwere"constructedlikebuildings",butyoungpeoplewereattractedtohisdesign,andalloverthewesternworld,manufacturersplunged（投入）intotheproductionofhisnewstyle.Dior'srevolutionarydesignslightedupawholecycleoffashion,rounded,gentle,feminine

5、,adelightinelegance.ANewLookHouseofDioropenedin1948,followedbyoneinLondon.ConsideredasKingofCouture（women'sclothing）foryears,theDiorempiregrewuntilitcoveredeverycountryinthewesternworld,andincludedfurs,hosiery,jewelry,perfumes,men'swearandonandon.Morethan1,000peopleworkedattheParisheadquarte

6、rsthen.Hissuddendeathin1957whenhewas53yearsolddidnotstopthegrowthoftheHouseofDior.Evennow,somanyyearsafterhisdeath,hisnameiscloselyconnectedwithfashionthroughouttheworld,andindeedisoneofthemostrecognizednamesintheworld.Hisfirst,greatNewLook,withitslongskirtswasanexpressionoffreedominthelate1940s.41.

7、WhichofthefollowingdesignsisclosetoDior's?42.Accordingtothepassage,inDior'slife,hedidNOT.A.makecreativefashiondesignsB.workinadiplomaticserviceC.learncraftashisfirstjobD.openaNewLookHouse43.WecaninferfromthepassagethatA.DiorandhissupporterhaddifferentinterestsinbusinessB.Dior'sNewLookhad

8、littleinfluenceonpeoplethenC.Diorisonlyabrandofwomen'sfashioninthewesternworldD.Dior'sfashionwasnotacceptedatfirstbutatlastwassuccessful44.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheHistoryoftheNewLookB.TheGrowthoftheDiorEmpireC.AnExpressionofFreedom一DiorD.TheFounderoftheNewLook-DiorBAfter

9、yearsofresearchandtesting,thehybridcarwasdevelopedandputonthemarket.It'saninterestingandexcitingnewimprovementintoday'sworldaswelookforbetterwaystoprotectthequalityoftheairwebreatheandconserve（保持）ournaturalresources.Thequalityofourairisaffectedbymanydifferentthings.Butoneofthelargestsourceso

10、fairpollutionistheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoalandgasolinewhichisusedtopoweracar'sengine.TheEPAhassetnationalstandardstohelpcontrolthelevelofharmfulpollutantssentoffintotheair,andtheautomobileindustryhasactedbyproducingahybridcarthatuseslessgasandthereforecauseslesspollution.Ahybridcarisacombin

11、ationofaregularcarthatrunsongasolineandanelectriccarthatisbatterypowered.Somepeopletendtothinkthatsincethehybridcarispartiallyelectric,youhavetoplug（接通电源）itintochargeit.Butthat'snothowitworks.The144-voltbatterypackisactuallyrechargedthroughtheenergythatisproducedwhenthecar'sbrakesareused.Thi

12、sisreferredtoas"regenerativebraking",becauseitgenerateselectricity.Althoughthehybridcarstillrunsongasolinemostofthetime,thishelpsituselessgasthanaregularcar.Whenthedriverstopsatatrafficlight,theengineautomaticallyshutsofftosavefuel.Then,assoonasthedriverputsthecaringearandtouchesthegaspeda

13、l,theenginestartsbackup.Haveyoueverriddeninacarwithsomeonewhoranoutofgas?Thatprobablywouldn'thappenifyouwereridinginahybridcar.Itflashesawarningonitscomputerscreenthatsays,"Iamlowongas".Whenitcompletelyrunsout,thewarningreads,"YOUARENOVOUTDFGAS“Thentheelectricpowersupplykicksintol

14、etthedrivertravelafewmoremilestoagasstation.45.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thehybridcarwillbeputonthemarketinthenearfuture.B.Thehybridcarsrunfasterandaremuchsaferthanregularcars.C.Whenthehybridcarstopsatatrafficlight,thedriverwillgetawarning.D.Theburningoffossilfuelsisoneofthela

15、rgestsourcesofairpollution.46.Accordingtothepassage,theword"hybrid"refersto.A.ahigh-techdiscoveryB.energysavingC.anewinventionD.acombinationoftwothings47."Regenerativebreaking"isanimportantprocessofthehybridcarbecause.A.itallowsthecartocometoaquickstopB.itgivesthedriverasmootherr

16、ideC.itproducesenergytochargethebatteryD.itcancontrolthespeedofthecar48.WhichofthefollowingisrightabouttheEPA?A.Theyhavedesignedhybridcarstoreduceairpollution.B.Theyhavedeclaredtheburningoffossilfuelstobe川egal.C.Theysetimportantguidelinesthathelpcontrolpollution.D.Theirmainpurposeistoprotectendanger

17、edplantsandanimals.C"Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn'tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostattachgreatimportancetoit."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasy

18、outoyours,"and"Everyonehastherighttoexpresshisopinion,"arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant（不容异己的，偏执的）.Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother'sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Fore

19、xample,youmayaskafriend"WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?"Andhemayreply,"Inmyopinion,they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,"It

20、9;spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm.AnewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversial（有争议的）case.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotsharetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,carefullyarri

21、vedatafterthoroughinvestigationandconsideration.Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.Iseveryonefreetoexpressh

22、isopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?A.Everyonehasarighttoholdhisownopinion.B.Freeexpressionofopinionsoftenleadstoconfusion.C.Mostpeopletendtoformtheiropi

23、nionscarelessly.D.Casualuseoftheword"opinion"oftencausesquarrels.50.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingwouldberegardedasintolerant?A.Someonewhoturnsadeafeartoothers'opinions.B.Someonewhocan'tputupwithothers'tastes.C.Someonewhovaluesonlytheirownopinions.D.Someonewhoseopinionh

24、armsotherpeople.51.ThenewFordcarsarequotedasanexampletoshowthat.A.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrandB.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinionsC.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallengedD.itisunwisetoexpressone'slikesanddislikesinpublic52.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferencei

25、nthat.A.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourtB.itreflectspubliclikeanddislikesC.itisaresultofalotofargumentD.itisbasedoncarefulthoughtDItisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebi

26、ggestdeterrentaspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia（学术界）outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentatthe

27、UniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee'sisoneofthem.Theinfluenceofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,

28、nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceuticalcompanybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisus

29、uallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition（转换）toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiate（谈判）contracts.Th

30、eyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment."Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheski

31、llsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject."53.By"aone-waystreet"inParagraphOne,theauthormeans.A.universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworldB.thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademiaC.fe

32、windustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversityD.fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch54.Theunderlinedword"deterrent"mostprobablyreferstosomethingthatA.keepssomeonefromtakingactionB.helpstomovethetrafficC.attractspeople'sattentionD.bringssomeoneafinancialburden55.Gu

33、yGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinordertoA.domorefinanciallyrewardingworkB.raisehispositionintheacademicworldC.enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearchD.exploitbetterintellectualopportunities56.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?A.Increaseitsgraduates

34、9;competitivenessinthejobmarket.B.Developitsstudents'potentialintheresearchwork.C.Helpittogainaccesstofinancialsupportfromindustry.D.Getitsresearchgotowardspracticalapplications.EYOUCAN'TDOITEVENIFITHURTSJOBODYhodoyouthinkbreaksthelawinoursociety?Ifyoubelievethatonlytoughguyscommitcrimes,you

35、mayhavetothinkagain.Unlikeinthemovies,wecan'tdividetheworldintobadguysandmodelcitizens.Reallifeismuchmorecomplex.Inthesamewaythatdiseasesrangefromthecommoncoldtofatalformsofcancer,crimesvaryindegree.Forexample,smokinginanelevatorwillinconveniencepeople,butmuchlessthanthreateningthemwithagun.Inad

36、ditiontobreakingthelawthemselves,peopletoleratevariouslevelsofcrime.Whycanwetoleratesomecrimes?Itmaybethat,byseeingothersdosomething,weacceptitmoreeasily.Forinstance,mostpeoplewillfinditeasiertospeedonahighwaywheneverybodyelseisdrivingoverthespeedlimit.Whenpeoplecelebrateasportschampionship,iftheyse

37、esomeonebreakingstorewindows,theymightstartbreakingwindowsthemselvesorevenstealfromthestore.Sothepeoplearoundusinfluencehowmuchlaw-breakingwecantolerate.Wemustalsowonderwhetherseeingviolenceontelevisionorreadingaboutitinthenewspaperseverydaymakesustoleratecrimemorethanweshould.Webecomeusedtoseeingbl

38、oodonthenewsontelevision,orinfullcolorinnewspapersandmagazines.BecauseweseethousandsofdeadpeopleonTV,maybewejusttrytoignorethesituationbehindtheviolence.Ifsomanycitizenstolerateviolenceandcrime,orevencommitcrimesthemselves,itmaysimplybebecauseofthehumanmind.Ourmindsmaynotcareaboutspecificlaws.Instea

39、d,ourmindsmayhaveasystemofvaluesthatusuallypreventsusfromhurtingotherpeopletoimproveourownlives.Yet,whenitcomestorespectingtherightsofamassofanonymous（不知名的）individuals,wemightnotbesoresponsible.Whilemostpeoplewouldnotstealawalletcontaining$50,theymaynotmindcheatingontaxes,becausecheatingontaxesdoesnothurtanyoneperson.Ithurtssociety,but"society"remainsanabstract（抽象的）ideathatisnotasrealasaneighbororafriend'sfriend.Whenwerealizethatmanypeoplehavem