英语单词变化规则大汇总

1、英语单词的各种变化规则、名词复数变化:（一）规则变化情况一般情况构成方法在词尾加-s例词deskfdesksmapmaps-s在清辅首后发/s/day-daysgirl一girls-s在兀首和浊辅音后发/z/以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus-busesbox-boxeswatchfwatchesfishffishes-es发/iz/音以辅音字母加-y结尾的词以元音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i再加-es在词尾加-sfamily一familiesfactoryffactoriespartyfpatriesday-daysboy-boyskeyfkeys-ies发/iz/音-s发/z/

2、音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknifefkniveslife一liveswife一wiveshalffhakes-ves发/vz/音以辅音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-espotatofpotatoestomato一tomatoesherofheroes-es发/z/音以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-sradiofradioszoo-zoos-s发/z/音注：以ce,se,ze,（d）ge等结尾的词力口-s读/iz/license-licenses巧记以ffe结尾的可数名词复数1）妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife,calf,knifeT2）追得贼狼满街跑，thief,wolf一一一变f

3、或fe为v,再加esi3）碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self,lifeJ4）手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,halfJ（二）名词复数的不规则变化：1 .child一children（儿童）manmen（男人）womaewomen（女人）anEnglishman一twoEnglishmen（英国人）foot一feet（脚）tooth一teeth（牙）mousedmice（老鼠）ox-oxen（公牛）goosefgeese（鹅）2 .单复同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,species,means除人民币，美元、英镑、法郎等都有

4、复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3 .集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。peoplepolicecattle是复数4 Correctness:aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritishtheFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss）5 Error:apeople,apolice,acattle）表示国民总称时，作复数用。6 TheChineseareindustriousandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）4.以s结尾，仍为单数的名

5、词1）maths,politics,physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。2 ）news是不可数名词。5 .表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜）trousers（长裤）clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）apairofglasses,twopairsoftrouserssuit（套）6 .另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods（货物）waters（水域）fishes（各种鱼）this herphotodiarybookdressbox strawberry练习：写出下列各词的复数Ihimwatchchilddayfootto

6、othsheepsandwich juiceteathieffishpeachmanwomanpaperwatermilkrice二、序数词变化规则（一）一般化规则：基数词+thf序数词（规则变化）four（四）ffourth（第四）six（六户sixth（第六）seven（t）-seventh（第七）ten（十）-tenth（第十）eleven）eleventh（第H）（二）*不规则变化的oneL）-first（第一）twenty-oneftwenty-firsttwo（二）-second第二）threeU）-third（第三）five（五）ffifth（第五）eight（/I）-eight

7、h（SMl）fifty-eight-fifty-eighthnine（九）-ninth（第九）twelve（十二）ftwelfth（第十二）（三）从1319的基数词，都在个位数后加teen构成14fourteen1Afifteen16tsixteen17- seventeen18- eighteen19- nineteen（四）整十的序数词，变y为ie再加th20twentytwentieth第二十30thirty-thirtieth第三十40forty-fortieth第十四50巾ftyffiftieth第五十60sixt尸sixtieth第六十70seventyseventieth第七十8

8、0eightheightieth第八十90ninetyninetieth第九十（五）分数的表达：分子用：基数词分母用：序数词特别要注意：当分子大于1时，分母要用：复数1/2onesecond;ahalf;1/4aquarter;3/4threequarters7/8seveneighths3/5threefifths（六）加减乘除表达adecimalnumber小数afraction分数apercentage百分数aoddnumber奇数anevennumber偶数degrees度数1）加:and;plus;addto2+4=6Twoandfouris/equalssix.或Twoplusfo

9、uris/equalssix.或Twoaddedtofourequalssix.2）减：minus;subtractfrom8-3=5Eightminusthreeis/equalsfive.或Threesubtractedfromeightisfive.3）乘：multiply.by;multipliedby/times3X5=15Multiplythreebyfiveis/equalsfifteen.或Threemultipliedbyfiveis/equalsfifteen.4）除：divideby/divide.by.248=3Twenty-fourdividedbyeightis/e

10、qualsthree.或Divide24by8is/equalsthree.三形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则：1 .一般在词尾加er/est；2 .以字母e结尾，加r/st；3 .以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er/st；原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest4 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er/st5 .多

11、音节词.和部分双音节词，在单词前面加more或mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantdifficultmoredifficultmostdifficultmost interestinginterestingmoreinterestingusefulmore usefulmost usefulbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful156不规则形容词比较级：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolde

12、r/elderoldest/eldestredredderreddestfarfurther/fartherfurthest/farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级oldyoungtalllongshortstrongfatthinnicegoodhigh slowlate earlybig smallheavy lightbeautifulfast lowfar well四.动词第三人称单数变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2. 以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，力口-es,如：guess-guessewash-washeswatch-w

13、atches,go-goes3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es如：study-studies写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgolookhavecomewatchstudybrushstaymakepasscarryplantflydoteach五.动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2. 以不发音的e结尾，去e力口ing,如：make-making,taste-tasting3. 以ie结尾的动词，把ie变为y再加ing。如：lie-lying平躺/说谎tie-tying系，捆（鞋带，领带）die-dying死4如果末

14、尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，这类动词有：Beginbeginning开始cutcutting剪、切digdigging挖getgetting获得、得到、取hithitting击、打、撞letletting让putputting放runrunning跑set-setting设置、套shutshutting关闭、闭sitsitting坐babysitbabysitting临时受顾照看婴儿、照看小孩spitspitting吐痰、吐splitsplitting劈、分裂skipskipping跳绳swimswimming游、游泳winwinning赢、获胜shopsh

15、opping购物、逛商店prefer-preferring更喜欢.Step-stepping踩、踏Referreferring参考、查阅Dipdipping浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏Mopmopping用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）Nodnodding点头Fretfretting（使）烦恼（烦恼）、（使）烦躁，（使）发愁，Kidnapkidnapping绑架Napnapping小睡、打盹Rotrotting腐蚀、腐烂Spotspotting玷污Hiccuphiccupping打嗝begbegging乞求、乞讨dripdripping（雨）滴落、滴下、滴dotdotting打点、打句号d

16、ropdropping坠落、落下fitfitting适合、合适hug-hugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有planplanning计划、打算patpatting轻拍（打）、抚拍ridridding（使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉robrobbing抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺reset-resetting重排（放、植）、重接（断骨）regret-regretting遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）stopstopping停止、停下、住手stirstirring搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布rubrubbing擦（上）、摩擦、擦到travel-travel（l）ing旅行、行进、步行、交往whipwhipping

17、揩、擦（汗、水）Slipslipping滑倒、跌倒Wrapwrapping包装打包、包、裹、缠（绕）、卷写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swimmakego_like_writeskiread_have_sing_danceput_seebuy_lovelive_take_comegetstop_sitbegin_shop四动词过去式变化规则：1 .一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2 .结尾是e力口d,如：taste-tasted3 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied4末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅

18、音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如beg-begged乞求、乞讨dipdipped浸、泡、醮、舀（取）、吸出、掏dotdotted打点、打句号dripdripped（雨）滴落、滴下、滴dropdropped坠落、落下fitfitted适合、合适hiccuphiccupped打嗝hug-hugged拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有kidnapkidnapped绑架mopmopped用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、（另：猫扑）napnapped小睡、打盹nodnodded点头patpatted轻拍（打）、抚拍planplanned计划、打算prefer-preferred更喜欢.refer

19、referred参考、查阅regret-regretted遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔（抱歉）ridridded（使）免除、（使）摆脱、去掉robrobbed抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺rotrotted腐蚀、腐烂rubrubbed擦（上）、摩擦、擦到shopshopped购物、逛商店slipslipped滑倒、跌倒skipskipped跳绳spotspotted玷污step-stepped踩、踏stir-stirred搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布stop-stopped停止、停下、住手triptripped绊倒travel-travel(l)ed旅行、行进、步行、交往whip-whipped揩、擦(汗、水)wr

20、apwrapped包装打包、包、裹、缠(绕)、卷5.不规则动词过去式:1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costk?stcostk?stcostk?st花费cutk?tcutk?tcutk?t割，切hurth?:thurth?:thurth?:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/sp

21、atspit吐痰，shut?tshut?tshut?t关上，闭起，停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi：tbeatbi：tbeaten'bi：tn打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebi'k?mbecamebi'keimbecomebi'k?m变comek?mcamekeimcomek?m来runr?nranr?nrunr?n跑4.ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb?:nburntb?:ntburntb?:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt

22、解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhi?heardh?:dheardh?:d听见hang'h?hanged/hungh?hanged/hung绞夕匕，悬挂learnl?：nlearned/learntl?:ntlearned/learntl?:nt学习light'laitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃，照亮meanmi：nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/proved'pru:v?n证明，证实，试验shine?ainsho

23、ne/shinedshone/shined?un,?n使照耀，使发光show?ushowedshowed/shown'?un展示，给看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻，嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokew?ukwaked/woken'w?uk?n醒来，叫醒，激发(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“改为"t构成过去式或过去分词。

24、动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:'bildrebuilt,ri:'biltrebuilt,ri:'bilt改建，重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费(3)原形一oughtought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbri?broughtbr?:tbroughtbr?:t带来buybaiboughtb?:tboughtb?:t买fightfaitfoughtf?:tfoug

25、htf?:t打架think9i?kthought船tthoughtmt思考,想(4)原形一aught-aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchk?t?caughtk?:tcaughtk?:t捉，抓teachti:t?taughtt?:ttaughtt?:t教1(5)变其中一个兀音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdicdugd?cdugd?c掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到get里tgot6got/gotten',t?n得到holdh?uldheldheldheldheld拥后，握住，支持leadli:d

26、ledledledled引导，带领，领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsats?tsats?t坐shoot?u:tshot?tshot?t射击spitspitspit/spatsp?tspit/spatsp?t吐痰，stickstikstuckst?kstuckst?k插进，刺入，粘住，winwinwonw?nwonw?n赢(6)原形一口lt/pt/ft一口lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feel'fi：lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki：pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli：vleftleftleftleft离开slee

27、psli：psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi：psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid卜蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standst?ndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,?nd?'st?ndunderstood,?nd?'st?nd明白loselu:zlostl?st,l?:stlostl?st,l?:st失去1haveh?vhadh?d,h?d,?dhadh

28、?d,h?d,?d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsolds?uldsolds?uld卖tellteltoldt?uldtoldt?uld告诉retell,ri:'telretold,ri:'t?uldretold,ri:'t?uld重讲，复述5.ABC(1)原形一过去式一原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowbl?ublewblu:blown吹drivedraivdrovedr?uvdrivendriv?n驾驶drawdr?:drewdru:drawndr?:n回回eati:tateet,eiteaten'i:t?n吃

29、fallf?:lFellfelfallen'f?:l?n落卜givedvgave里ivgiven'gv?n给growcr?ugrewgu:grown3?un生长forgivef?'civforgotf?'g?tforgiven原谅，饶恕known?uknewnju:,nu:known知道mistakemi'steikmistookmi'stukmistooken弄错；误解，overeat'?uv?'i:toverate,?uv?'reitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明，证实，试验taketei