现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)

1、现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成：havehas+过去分词过去分词的构成有规那么变化和不规那么变化2. 现在完成时的四个根本句型肯定句He has fini shed the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work?答复 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn ' t.否认句He has not fini shed the work.特殊疑问句 What has he done?3现在完成时的用法：A 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果。例如：The car has arrived.车子来了。

2、结果：车子已在门口Someo ne has broken the wi ndow.有人把窗户打破了。结果：窗户仍破着B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have

3、 you bee n here?你来这里多久了？4. 在以下情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语 already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.: I have already found my pen.=I have found my pen already. yet已经否认句和疑问句句尾e.g.： I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ever曾经句中e.g.： Have you ever see n pan das? never从不句中e.g.： I have never been to Beijing.

4、just刚刚 句中e.g.： I have just done my work. before以前句尾e.g.： I have never been there before. so far到目前为止e.g.: So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久e.g.： How long have you lived here? how many times 多少次e.g.: How many times has he been to Beijing?(3)三词组1. have<has>gone to 去了某地e.g.： He has gone

5、to Beijing2. have<has>been to 去过某地2两结构for two mon thsfor + 一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 mon ths.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has bee n in Beiji ng since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosi nce 1990since he came heresi nce +过去时态句子He has bee n in China since he came here.表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有

6、回来 去了北京表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了e.g.： He has been to Beijing.去过北京since, for, how long3. have<has>bee n in表示“在某地呆多长时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如: e.g.: Mr. Brow n has bee n in Beiji ng for three days. 布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4. 如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.: Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?5. 现在完成

7、时态还常常用于以下句型They have planted many trees in the last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6. 在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.： He has bought the book for 3 years. 错因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 yea

8、rs 连用, 改正的方法有五种： He has bought the book.去掉一段时间 for 3 years He bought the book 3 years ago改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变 It 's 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed sincebhoeught the book. 改为固定句型 It is -since- He has not bought the book for 3 years. 改为否认句 He has had the book for 3 years.用延续性动词

9、 have 代替 buy7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种方法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下： come/arrive/get to/reachbe heree.g： I have come here for 3 years.错 leave/go be awaye.g.：He has left for 3 hours. 错 begi n/startbe one.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes. 错 ope n t be ope n / closebe closede.g.: The shop has opened

10、for 3 years.错 die tbe dead改为： I have been here for 3 years.改为： He has been away for 3 hours.改为： The film has been on for 3 minutes.改为： The shop has been open for 3 years.e.g.： His father has died for 3 years.错 改为： His father has been dead for 3 years. fini sh/e nd t be over例: He has finished the wor

11、k for 3 days.错改为： The work has been over for 3 days join例: I have joined the army for 3 years.错改为： I have been in the army for 3 years. 或 I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch t havee.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years. 错 改为： I have had the bike for 3 years.改为： He has had a cold for 3 day

12、s.错改为： I have kept the book for 3 years.He has caught a cold for 3 days.错 borrow t keepe.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be overfall ill -be ill get up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on- wearco

13、me/become/go - behere fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be in get to know - knowjoinbe amember of . 成为 的一员 open -be open close -be closebreak t be broken get up t be up marry t be married become t be lose t be lost8. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强 调过去的事情

14、对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday. 强调动作发生的时间是 yesterday 。I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。 2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/. In 2022, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then那 时,that day, one day, once从前一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：1. have arrived at/in sw. got t

15、o/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. thave been in sw./at2. have come/gone back/returned t3. have come/gone out_t4. have become_t-closed / ope ned t6. have got up _t7. have died_t ；8. have left sw.10. have fini shed/e nded/completed ；9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep 二 ；11. have married;二、用正确的时间表达词

16、汇填空Have you done your homework ? (for, just, yet)I have been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there he left school. (already, yet. Since, for)She has known Sam 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for)Have you ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)三、用 for 或 since 填空1. My family has owned a ship 192

17、0.2.My family has owned a ship many years.3.1 have had a cold last Monday.4.I have had a cold 5 days ago.5.1 have had a cold 5 days.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. - I (see) the film“ Chicken Run .- Where and when you (see) it? - Last week.2. Mary already (have) her supper.3. I (not want) to see the film. I (see)

18、it with my parents. We (see) itlast Sunday.4. - Uncle Wang (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he.-Whenhe it? - Yesterday.5. you (read) today ' s newspaper yet?6. They already(do) their homework. But t hey don 't know what(do) next.7. -you (see) the film last night?-No, I (see) it for several times.8.

19、She (be) ill for three days.9. My father (buy) a book for me yesterday.Healready (pay) fifty yuan for it.10. She(not read) this book before.11. you ever (travel) on a train before?12. - Wei Hua (come) yet?-Yes. She (come) already. She(come) just now.13. -How long you (learn) English?-For more than t

20、wo years.14. They (live) in China since they (move) to China.15. Ialready (see) the film. I (see) it last week.16. So far I (make) quite a few friends here.17. How long the Wangs (stay) here ? For two weeks.18. They (not arrive) yet.19. When I was in primary school, my mother (drive) me to school ev

21、eryday.20. He (live) here since he (move) to Hankou.五、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him.A. knew B. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has been to Shanghai， has he ？A. already D. still3、Have you met Mr Li ？A. just B. agoD. a moment ago4、 The famous writer one

22、new book in the past two year.A. is writing writingwritten5、 Our country a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even .A. has changed ； well B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； better6、Zhao Lanalready in this school for two years.A. was ； studyingB. will；studyC. has ； studiedD.are ；s

23、tudy ing7、WeXiao Li since shewasa littlegirl.A. knowB. had knownC. haveknownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .Iit twice.A. will see B. haveseeniC.saw9、These farmers have bee n to theUn itedStates.Really ？ Whenthere？A. will they goB.didthey goC.do they goD.havetheygone10、youyour homework yet

24、 ？ Yes . Iit a mome ntago.A. Did;do; finished B. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finished D. will ; do; finish11、His father the Party si nee 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was in D. has bee n in12、一 Do you know him well ? Sure. Wefriends si nee ten years ago.A. wereB. have bee nC. have become

25、 D. have made13、 一 How long have you here? About two mon ths.A. bee n B. gone C. come D. arrived14、 Hurry up! The playfor ten minutes.A. hasbegunB. had begu nC. hasbeen onD. began15、Ittenyears sincehe leftthe armyA. isB. hasC.willD. was16、MissGree nisn't in theoffice . !sheto thelibrary.goneB. w

26、entgoD. hasbee n17、My parents Shandong for ten years.A. have bee n in B. have bee n toC. have gone to D. have bee n18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don ' t they C. have they D. haven ' t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China ?A. How so

27、on , comes B. How often , got C. How long , came D. How far , arrived20、His unclefor more tha n 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the uni versity六、句型转换。1、 He's never been late,?改成反意疑问句2、 They have bee n here si nee 2000.对划线局部提问have they bee n here?3、 T

28、he old manlast year. Hefor a year. die动词填空4、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同义句转换Miss Gaoan hour ago.5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .同义句Her motherthe Party three years 6、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. =two yearsthe Green family moved to France.7、The bus has arrived

29、 here. It arrived ten minutes ago. 把两个句子合并成一个句子七、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。 4、她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？ 参考答案:1.have bee n in sw./at 相应的介词2.have bee n back3.have bee n out4.5.have bee nhave bee n closed/ope n6.have bee n up7.8.have bee n deadhave bee n away from sw.9.10.11.

30、have bee n asleep have bee n over have bee n married1.yet2.3.n ever si nee4.for5.三ever1.since2.for3.Si nee4.Si nee5.四、For1.Have see n. Did see2.Has had3.Don 'want, have seen, saw4.Has men ded, has. did mend5.6.Have readHave done ,to do7.Did see ,have see n8.9.Has bee nBought ,has paid10.11.Has n

31、 'readHave travelled12.Has come ,has come, came13.14.Has lived ,movedHave lived, moved15.16.have see n, sawhave made17.18.19.Have stayedHaven 'arrivedDrove20.Have lear ned五、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到 现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才 行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是 B.2、 现在完成时常与 already已经，just刚刚，正好，ever曾经，never从来，也不；从不，before 以前，yet仍然等连用。故 2应选B.3、C4、 现在完成时常与 recently近来，so far到目前为止，in the past/ "last + 一段时间等时间状 语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从