六级写作讲义

1、六级写作讲义( If you have any questions, please feel free to contactme and I can be reached during the days I am in NOS. )前言：教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的， " 危乎高哉！ ' 写作 ' 之难难于上青天。 一夫当关， 万夫莫开。 " 学生学习英语写作多时， 大多不能迥脱蹊径之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。于是我悲观起来，认定 " 文不可以 ' 教' 而能 " 。虽说文字和技法可以也应当教一些，俾学生邯郸学

2、步，渐次入门，但就本质特征而论，写作远不只是一个章法和技巧的问题，而是 " 气之所行 " ，是皮相之下许多深层主观因素的综合，是一个厚积薄发的养成过程。这些主观因素，在我看来，体现在国内的英语写作考试当中只局限于素心烂读的积累。 Reading makes a full man.这是英国学者的传世之言，我们的祖先说 " 读书破万卷，下笔如有神 " 。我们赞叹一篇文章，往往是因为我们被文章中的语言所吸引、所征服：语汇丰富、句式整齐、语言或精练或华丽，句式安排熟练自如，自然流畅；而这只能来自于 reading。但是我们已没有那么多的时间去 " 读&

3、quot; 了，于是乎，语言的总结就变得极其必要！要归纳记叙文中漂亮、地道的语言是困难的，但是要归纳论说文这个各种英语考试的作文类型中的语言不是不可能的。论说文是由开头、结尾、启转、分析、举例、比较等部分所组成的，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型来表达。由于这些句型都是地道的英语，是经过千锤百炼，且能表达论说文写作中的不同意思，若能把以论说文为主的当代英语 essays中的这些句型摘录归纳成类，供读者参考，无疑是能有助于提高英语写作的语言水平。模仿和学用漂亮和地道的英语表达法或句型并不是可耻的事。地道的英语不应是你用学过的词汇和语法规则按某个意思苦苦思索造出来的，地道的英语应是你把英美人对这个意思的

4、习惯说法用到你自己的文章上来的。该讲义收集了论说文常用的一些句型，与六级考试的一些文章结构模式；希望同学们能以此为依据， Practice makes perfect，达到熟能生巧的境界，从而在六级考试作文部分获得理想的分数！写作原则内容简单化结构模式化（主题句 -分论点 -总结）语言要包装错误要回避万能理由(Omnipotence)：1、方便： convenient/convenience2、效率： efficient/efficiently/efficiency3、节省和浪费： save time/money/space;economical, thriftwaste time/money

5、/space;costly, lavish4：人的心理健康： independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,perseverance;selfish,isolated,conservative5、人的身体健康： health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6、娱乐： colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax tired, boring, lonely7、环境： envi

6、ronment, pollute, poisonous, dirty8、安全和危险： safe, danger, risk9：经验： experience, social experience, enter the society10 、人际： humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely基本表达 (Basic Elements of English Writing)：越来越： be increasingly + adj.,be on the rise,the growing number of人们认为： it isgenerally/

7、widelybelieved/held/agreedthat许多问题： a host of/a number ofproblems引起人们注意： claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.意识到： there is a growingawareness/realizationof/that,awakenfact/dangersb. to the适应新的形势/ 变 化 ： adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change接触各种思想 /经历： be exposed

8、to new ideas/experiences/problems接触社会： come into frequent/close contact with the world/society获得成功： achieve/accomplish success提 出 观 点 / 建 议 ： advance/putforward/comeupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力： maketremendous/persistent/sustainedeffort to do sth., take greatpains to do(with work/study)影

9、响学习 /工作： interfere with studies/work产 生 影 响 ： have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on较好地驾驭生活： be a better pilot of one's life剥夺机会 /权力： deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity取代就的方式： substitute for/take the place of the old way采取措施： take

10、effective steps/measures to控制我们的环境： take/gain increasing control over our own environment躲避危险 /挑战： shy/run away from the dangers/challenge满足要求： meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失： compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象： account for/explain the phenomenon对很好的了解： have a better underst

11、anding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去： take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to品位人生 /自由 /青春： savor the life/freedom/youth培养对的信心： develop/foster one's interest/confidence in经历变化 /困难 /艰险： undergo/experience great changes/hardship

12、s/experience表现出自信心等： project one's confidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方： life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习 /职业： pursue one's academic interest/professional career学习知识 /技术： pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的榜样： be held up as a good example交流经验 /知识： share experience/ide

13、as/problems/knowledge发挥 /起到重要作用： play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学 /缺课： skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识 /经验丰富： rich in knowledge/experience确立 /追求目标： set/pursue a goal/higher standard到达目标： achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective克服困难： overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险 /困难：

14、 be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth阻碍了发展： hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法： hold conventional wisdom发表看法： voice/express one's opinion持相反 /合理的观点： take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法： sh

15、atter the myth of求得帮助： enlist one's support/help缩小差别： bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)把成功 /错误归咎于： attribute/own the success/failure to对重要： be indispensable/important/vital to施加压力： put/exert a academic pressure on重视： assign/attach much importance/significance to强调： place

16、/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在： focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会 /信息： provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住机会： grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会： enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能： there is (little/much) possibility/lik

17、elihood that, chances/the odds are that展开竞争： compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动： conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有 /没有什么意义： make much/little sense to me带 来 无 穷 的 幸 福 / 满 足 ：

18、be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于： devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career大不（没什么）两样： make much(little/no) difference真正重要的是： what really matters/accounts is 改变生活旅程： change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习 /实践上： built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行

19、调查 /执行任务： conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作 /学习： leave/quit one's job/work/school参加考试 /竞赛等： enter (for) the examination/contest, race参加活动 /讨论： take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想 /态度 /事件的形成： shape one's thinking/attitude进入大学 / 社会 / 家庭 / 劳力市场 /职业：

20、 enter aschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals实现自己的理想 /愿望： realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)减轻压力 /紧张： reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位： enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standingrise tothe position of leadership提高技术 /能力： sharp

21、en (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/ability加快 /促进发展： accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthe development of随 着生 活 节奏 的加 快： withthe quickeningpace/rhythm/tempo ofmodernlife/society开阔眼界 /兴趣： broaden one'sinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)one'smental horizons有 助 于 了

22、 解 / 发 展 / 宣 传 / 解 决 ： contributemuch/little/greatly/to abetterunderstanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of有助于解决问题： go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利 /分数： be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花 /浪费在： spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing st

23、h.利用机会 /技术： make (full/better) use of/takeadvantageof opportunity/time,tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把 知 识 / 经 验 运 用 到 ： apply/put the theory/knowledge/experiencetopractice/daily life/good use取得进步： make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力 /能力：develop one's ability/potential to t

24、he full, give full play to one'sability充满激情 /渴望： have a burning desire/a great passion for英语六级考试写作 30 个最经典替换词1.individuals,characters, folks 替换 (people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy ( 美好的 )， promising(有希望的 )， perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good3:dreadful, unfa

25、vorable, poor, adverse, ill ( 有害的 )替换 bad如果 bad 做表语，可以有be less impressive 替换eg.An army of collegestudents indulge themselves inplaying games, enjoying romancewithgirls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, theyrecords are less impressive.4.(an

26、army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most) 替换 many.注：用 many, if not most一定要小心， many 后一定要有词。Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that .同理 用 most, if not all , 替换 most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换 some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude

27、 that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that) 替 think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter替换 thing8: shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits替换 get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective替换 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing替换 more and more( 注意没有 growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing. 修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything,或 little or nothing替换 hardly13.benef