中考英语语法-复合句

1、人教版中考英语专项练习复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句.主句为句子的主体,从句只是做句子的一个成分.根据从句在句子中的作用,可以把从句分为名词性从句主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句,定语从句和状语从句时间,地点,原因,条件,让步,方式,比拟等三类.一.宾语从句1 .宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型由that引导的宾语从句,其中that不做成分,可省略.Weallknewthatweshouldlearnfromeachother.由if/whether引导的宾语从句.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.由wh

2、o,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?2 .宾语从句三关引导词关注意：whether与if的区别只用whether的情况在介词后面Wedontthinkaboutwhetheritwouldrainthenextday.在动词不定式前Theyaskedmewhethertositatthefront.当与ornot连用,或提出两种选择时MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornotatthattime宾语从句提前时Whetherthisistrueor

3、not,Icantsay在动词discuss后的宾语从句中Wediscussedwhetherweshouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whetherThequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight只用if的情况引导否认概念的宾语从句时HeaskedmeifIhadtfinishedmyhomework引导条件状语从句时,if意为如果Wellgohikingifitdoesntraintomorrow语序关宾语从句假设为陈述句,语序不变宾语从句假设为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,语序复原为陈述语序时态关如

4、果主句是现在的时态,从句时态据实际情况而定如果主句是过去某种时态,从句时态一定变为过去某时态注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理,自然现象时,只能用一般现在时3 .人称变化：4 .从句简化当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等时,从句常简化为宾语+宾补结构,宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式Shefoundthatthewalletlay/lyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句简化为不定式结构Sheagreedth

5、atshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句简化为连接彳t词/副t+不定式结构CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?5 .否认转移如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等,且主句主语是一人称时,后面所接宾语从句的否认词通常前移到主句中.Idontthinkthatshecanfinishthisworkontime

6、.注意：这种否认前移的宾语从句,在变成反意疑问句时,反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致Idontthinkheisinterestedinthat,ishe?如果主句主语是二三人称时,宾语从句否认词不前移,反意疑问句反问主句Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didntshe?二.状语从句1 .时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等来引导.在时间状语从句中,通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态.在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是乙直

7、到时,谓语动词只能用延续性动词.如果主句用否认式,其含义是直到才,在以前不,谓语动词可用瞬间动词.Since引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用过去时.While引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词,不能是短暂性动词.as,when,while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生.as强调两动作同时进行,并表示比照；发生时间较短,且由边一边的意思.When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作之前或之后发生.While用于时间较长时.Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.2 .条件状语从句通常用if,unless引导.在条件状语从

8、句中,谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态.Imwaitingformyfriend.Ifshedoesntcome,Illgoshoppingalone.3 .原因状语从句通常用because,since,as(由于)引导.because表示直接原因,语气最强.because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后.答复由why提出的问题,只能用becauseas和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因.由as和since引导的从句多放在句首.because和so不能同时出现.Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourmatch.4 .结果状语从句由sothat

9、,such-that,sothat引导.so-that与suchthat可以互换.如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so.sothat句型的否认形式可用简单句tooto或notenoughtoR替such+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+thatsnch+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that=so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+thatLastnightJudyworkedsolatethatshedidntcatchtheearlybusthismorning.5 .比拟状语从句通常由asas,than等连词引导Thoughtheplayeri

10、soverthirty,hecanstillrunasfastassomeyoungplayers6 .目的状语从句通常用sothat,inorderthat引导.sothat即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句.区别是：目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等,从意义上看,目的状语从句表示的目的很明确.Passthecakeroundsothateveryonecantakeapiece.7 .让步状语从句通常由though,although,as等连词引导.although,though与but不同时出现.Thoughheisold,heisveryst

11、rong.8 .地点状语从句通常由where,wherever弓I导WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.9 .方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough等引导Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.希望别人怎样待你,你就怎样待人三.定语从句指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子,在句中修饰名词、代词,常由关系代词which,that,who(m),whose及关系副词when,where,why等引导.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句放先行词后做后置定语领先行词表示人时,定语从句用关系代词that,who,whom引导.领先行

12、词表物时,定语从句用关系词that或which.当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略.that可指人,也可指物,在从句中可作主语,宾语.作宾语可省which指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,作宾语时可省,可以引导非限制性定语从句,有时可与that互换.who,whom,whose指人,who在从句中彳主语,whom在从句中彳宾语,whose在从句中作定语Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingistooheavy.Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcoverisgreen.当引导词

13、在句中作状语时不可用that,which,who(m)等关系代词,而应用关系副词.表示时间用when,表示地点用where,表示原因用why.但这些关系副词可转换为介词+关系代词形式.Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.其他考前须知表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况领先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,muchnone,theone等不定代词时先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast

14、,thesame等词修饰时(领先行词是人时,也可用关系代词who或whom)领先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时领先行词同时含有物和人时主句中已有疑问词who或which时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?表示物时只用which不用that的情况当关系代词前使用介词时在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主语隔开,假设去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中指人时,领先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,不用that一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中

15、一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数要和先行词一致oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词Titanicisoneofthebestmoviesthathavebeenp

16、roducedinHollywood.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthebestmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood四.主语从句在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句.主语从句的谓语动词通常用三人称单数.主语从句可直接位于句首.但如主语从句长,可用it充当形式主语代替主语从句,把主语从句后置.记住以下主语从句常用结构：Itissaidthat据说Itisreportedthat据报道Itisannouncedthat.据宣布Itis(well)knownthat众所周知Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itissupposedthat人们

17、希望Itishopedthat希望Itissuggestedthat有人建议Itmustberememberedthat务必t己住注意：有些情况下谓语动词的单复数应和表语保持一致Whatweneedaredoctorsandnurses.Whatweneedistime.五.同位语从句同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体详细的说明.常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等.同位语从句弓I导词为that,有时根据需要也可以用when,where等Hisopinionth

18、atwemusttakegoodcareofourearthsoundsreasonable.Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.注意：同位语从句的that在句中不作句子成分,也无词义,1不能省.而定语从句中的that除了引导从句外,还是从句的一个成分,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省.六.表语从句在句中作连系动词的表语的从句,位于主句中系动词后Thatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday.练习I.Wellplaysnowmanitsnowsheavilythisafternoon.ifB.althoughC.unlessD.bu

19、t2.Ididntknowtheycouldpasstheexamornot.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.whether3.IdontthinkBendidsuchastupidthing?A.doIB.didIC.didheD.doeshe4 .NewtonwasplayingunderanappletreeanapplefellontohisheadA.whenB.whileC.afterD.before5 .ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isntit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildren

20、canstudyhappilyA.whereB.whenC.whichD.why6 .DuringtheholidayIvisitedShaolinTempleliesinthewestofZhengzhou.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what7 .JimsmotherlethimwatchTVafterhefinishedhishomework.(同义句)JimsmotherlethimwatchTVhefinishedhishomework.8 .TheTVplayissointerestingthatweliketoseeitagain(改为同义句)Itisinteret

21、ingTVplayweliketoseeitagain.9 .WhenpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveguests(1)whentheyareinvitedtoaget-together,theyusuallytrytomakeothersfeelcomfortable(2)relaxed.Generally,theytendtobeinformal.Menshakehands,(3)usuallyonly(4)theyareintroduced.Malefriendsandbusinessassociates(5)haventseeneachotherforatimem

22、ayshakehands.Whenawoman(6)amanareintroduced,shakinghandsisdecidedbythewoman.Americanwomenbecomemore(7)moreindependent.Theygotoplacesbythemselves,earntheirownmoney,(8)oftenlivealone,Sometimestheywillaskmenforhelp,(9)theyusuallydontwanttobepeotected.Americanwomenmaystartconversationswithmen(10)evenask

23、themtodance.10.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelpA.thatB.towhomC.fromwhomD.who11 .PleasepassmethedictionaryisblackA.itscoverB.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD.coverofwhich12 .Thereareforty-fivestudentsinourclass,arefromtheneardyvillagesA.one-thirdofwhoB.one-thirdofwhichC.one-thir

24、dofthemD.one-thirdofwhom13 .Thisisthestudentyoutookthemessageyesterday.A.whosefatherB.towhosefatherC.tohisfatherD.hisfather14 .ThereisntmuchIcandoA.whatB.whichC.thatD.how15 .TellusaboutthepeopleandtheplacesaredifferentfromoursA.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom16 .LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,aconferencewastob

25、eheldA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where17 .Isthisthemuseumyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone18 .ThisistheveryfilmIvelongwishedtoseeA.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom19 .ThereisnodifficultycantbeovercomeintheworldA.thatB.whichC.whoD.what20 .WhoisthepersonisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.who

26、B.thatC.whichD.whom21 .ThehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanurseryA.thatB.whereC.whatD.when22 .ThehouseweliveisnotbigA.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.that23 .单句改错ThisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweekThisisthewatchforwhichTomislookingThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwoThehouseinthatweliveisverysm

27、allThesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow24 .TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsnameitdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankindA.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough25 .JohnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchenhecouldpreparehisgrandsurpriseforthepartyA.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif26 .Hemadeami

28、stake,butthenhecorrectedthesituationitgotworse,A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as27 .-Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?-Yes.HehadneverpraisedhimhebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgradeA.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when28 .YoucaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantyoulikeA.wheneverB.whereeverC.whateverD.however29 .

29、ScientistssayirmaybefiveorsixyearsitispossibletotestthismedicineonhunmanpatientsA.siceB.afterC.beforeD.when30 .Thishouseismyfatherpaintedbyhimself.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./31 .wecantgetseemsbetterthanwehaveA.What,/B.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what32 .-WhatdidJackaskyoujustnow?-Hewantedtoknowhowlongwh

30、enIreachedthecinemaA.hadthefilmbeenonB.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadlastedD.hadthefilmended1.1 IdonthavetointroducehimtoyouyouknowtheboyA.untilB.unlessC.sinceD.but34 .hamburgersarejunkfood,manychildrenlikethemA.IfB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Although35 .WeshoulddowecanthoseendangeredanimalsA.that,tosaveB.whic

31、h,saveC.that,saveD.what,tosvae36 .yougo,youdo,IwillberightherewaitingforyouA.If,ifB.Wherever,whateverC.where,what37.Ifyoudontgotothemallthisweekend,A.hewill,tooB.hewont,eitherC.neitherhewillD.hedoesnt,either38.Iarrivedattheairporttheplanehadtakenoff.A.afterB.whileC.whenD.before40.Ourhometownisquited

32、ifferentfrombeforeA.thatitwasB.whatitwasC.whichitwasD.whenitwas41.shesucceededinfinishinghertasksremainsasecretA.WhatB.IfC.HowD.Who42.Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained43 .WearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputerA.w

33、hichB.thatC.whoseD.when44 .thedayswenton,theweathergotworseA.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As45 .-Whatwasthepartylike?-ItsyearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuchA.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since46 .youhavetriediton,youcantimaginehowprettythenewstyleskirtis.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.When47.IwontgotoherpartyunlessmybestfriendT

34、omA.willinviteB.willbeinvitedC.isinvitedD.invites48.FranklintoldthemalltobeinBritainagainA.hewashowhappyB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.hewashappyhow49.JaneisoneofthestudentsintheclasshaveeverbeentoChinaA.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whomA.when50.IstillrememberthetimewespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyearB.wh

35、atC.whoD.which51.Mr.SmithissmokingislookingforhelostyesterdayA.whom;whichB.who;what52.NobodyknowsA.howwillourfuturelooklikeC.howourfuturewilllooklikeC.that;whoD.which;whereB.whatwillourfuturebelikeD.whatourfuturewillbelike53.IwaschattingwithmyfriendsonthephonemymothercameinA.whileB.whenC.asD.since1.1 Inordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedmeIwanttouseadictionaryforA.whatB.whyC.howD.whether55 .Customersareaskedtomakesurethattheytherightchargebe-foreleavingtheshopA.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven56 .Tomdidintgotoschool?A.DoyouknowhowB.WhydoyouknowC.Howyouknowwh