unit4watercycle

1、Unit4WaterCycleObjectivesATopicsandfunctionsExpressingdifferentdegreesofcertaintiesTalkingaboutwastewatertreatmentandenvironmentalprotectionScience/technology/resources'impactonenvironmentBLanguageknowledgeWordaandphrasesfortalkingaboutDifferentdegreesofcertaintiessuchasthoseinscientificarticles

2、oreverydayconversationScientificknowledgesuchaswastewatertreatmentandcomputerscienceWater/energyefficiencyandgreenhouseeffectsPart1communicativeactivitiesPayattentiontothesesentencesHemustvemissed.IgiveyoumywordforitI'llbet.Ihaven'taclueabout.Idontthinktherecanbeanyabout.Thereisno/verylittle

3、doubtinmymind.Its/thatsmycinviction.Itsquitecertainthat.There;squitecertainthat.Theressomedoubtinmymindabout.Onecantsaywithanycertaintythat.Imquiteconvinced.I'mafraidIcan'tbecertainabout.There'sstillanelementofdoubtabout.ProverbTheunexpectedalwayshappens意外总是会发生HowmuchdoyouknowaboutSingap

4、oreWhatelseareyouinterestedtoknowaboutthislittlecity-stateG510km10miMALAYSIAV,ChangiJJ尸u癌口3AongrzWoorlHndsSeletafBedok.SINGAPORE白uhurno/Cxj<.!J)«M卜A、Singapore,officiallytheRepublicofSingapore,isasoutheastAsiancity-stateoffthesoutherntipoftheMalayPeninsula,137kilometres(85mi)northoftheequator

5、.Anislandcountrymadeupof63islands,itisseparatedfromMalaysiabytheStraitsofJohor柔佛海峡toitsnorthandfromIndonesia'sRiau廖内群岛IslandsbytheSingaporeStraittoitssouth.Thecountryishighlyurbanizedwithverylittleprimaryrainforestremaining,althoughmorelandisbeingcreatedfordevelopmentthroughlandreclamation.其北面隔着

6、柔佛海峡与马来西亚紧邻,南面有新加坡海峡与印尼巴淡岛相望.新加坡是全球最为富裕的国家之一,其经济模式被称作为“国家资本主义,并以稳定的政局、廉洁高效的政府而著称.新加坡是亚洲重要的金融、效劳和航运中心之一.根据全球金融中央指数的排名,新加坡是继伦敦、纽约和香港之后的第四大国际金融中央.工业是新加坡经济开展的主导力量,快速开展至今,已成为全球第三大炼油国,以及世界电子工业中央之一.新加坡在城市保洁方面成绩斐然,故有“花园城市之美称.国名新加坡是一个城市国家,原意为狮城.据马来史籍记载、公元1150年左右,苏门答腊的室利佛逝王国王子股加木那乘船到达此岛,看见一头黑兽,当地人告知为狮子,遂有“狮城之

7、称.新加坡“Singapura是梵语“狮城之谐音,由于当地居民受古代化影响较深,喜欢用梵语作为地名.而狮子具有勇猛、雄健的特征,故以此作为地名是很自然的事.过去华侨多称其为“息辣,即马来语Selat“海蚊的意思,也有因其小而将之称为星洲、星岛的.过去,新加坡一直用“新嘉坡作为其独立初期的通用中文国名.由于受到当地华侨所带来的语言包括粤、客、潮、琼、闽语等习惯影响,也在后期出现许多衍生的国名称谓,例如“石叨、“叨埠,甚至“实叨埠等,而外界也普遍以“生、花园城市、“星国,来描述新加坡.1国旗新加坡国旗又称星月旗,于1965年8月9日正式成为新加坡共和国的国旗.1959年,当时新加坡在大英帝国统治下

8、组成自治政府,星月旗随后成为了自治政府的官方旗帜,1965年新加坡独立后它被选为国旗.新加坡国旗由红、白两个平行相等的长方形组成,长与宽之比为3:2,左上角有一弯白色新月以及五颗白色小五角星.红色代表了平等与友谊,白色象征着纯洁与美德.新月表示新加坡是一个新建立的国家,而五颗五角星代表了国家的五大理想：民主、和平、进步、公正、平等.国徽新加坡国徽是以国旗图案为根底设计的,中央是红色盾徽,一轮上弯的新月托着排列成圆环的白色五角星,它的含义与国旗相同.盾徽两侧各有一只猛兽,左侧金色的鱼尾狮代表“狮城新加坡,右侧带有黑色条纹的金虎表示马来亚,反映了新加坡原来与之的联系.国徽基部是金色的棕叱枝和一条用

9、马来文写着MajulahSingapura"前进吧,新加坡的蓝色饰带.国语新加坡宪法明定马来语为新加坡的国语.国歌国歌为马来语“MajulahSingapura,中文是“前进吧,新加坡.国庆国庆日是1965年8月9日.国花新加坡的国花叫卓锦万代兰,它有一个姣美的唇片和五个尊片,唇片四绽,象征四大民族和马来语、英语、华语和泰米尔语四种语言的平等.花由下面相对的裂片拱扶着,象征着和谐,同甘苦、共荣辱.卓锦万代兰全年盛开,代表着新加坡争取繁荣兴盛的愿望与其国民不折不饶、顽强拼搏的精神.国家格言国家信约的中文内容是：“我们是新加坡公民,誓愿不分种族、言语宗教,团结一致,建设公正平等的民主社会

10、,并为实现国家之幸福、繁荣与进步,共同努力.Singapore'stoilet-to-taptechnologyhassavedthecountryfromshortagesandalargeelectricityBillBySandraUpson桑德拉厄普森StructureanalysisofthetextPara1-3ThereasonsforwastewatertreatmentinSingapore.Para4-8Theacceptanceofdrinkingwastewaterandthetechnologicaldevelopmentofthewastewatertrea

11、tmentinSingapore.Para9-10Theproblemremainingtobesolvedinwastewatertreatment.Para11Toaddresstheproblem,thegovernmentnegotiatedtreatieswithitsneighborcountryMalaysiatobuildasupplypipeatacosttoprovidefreshwatertothisportcity.addressdealwith,tackle,handlePleaseaddressallthecomplaintsfromthecustomers.The

12、UsageofAddressn.Speechordetailsofwhereapersonlives演说,演讲；住址,地址vt.aspeech向讲话,向发表演说；?Headdressedtheaudienceinaneloquentspeech.?他对听众讲起话来滔滔不绝.?sbassth称呼?Howshallweaddressaprince?我们如何称呼一个王子?namesandaddressonletter,parcelandsoon在信封或包裹等上写上收信人的姓名、地址?Theletterwasaddressedtothewronghouse.?这封信写错了地址.?4.dealwith设

13、法解决；处理,对付；?Addresssthtosb:directaremarktosb讨论,论述?Pleaseaddressalltheproblemstothemanager.?addressoneselfto致力于,从事于,忙于；把注意力放在to?Letusaddressourselvestothematterinhand.negotiateddiscussthetermsofanarrangement谈判;协商;议定negotiatesthwithsbaboutsththenegotiatingtablecost?atacost:以的价格?atallcosts:不惜任何代价?atcost

14、:按本钱价格出售的货物?atthecostofsth.以牺牲某事物为代价?Costtheearth/costanarmandaleg非常昂贵?Costs:disadvantagesorthemoneyforalegalcase弊,诉讼费?Highproductioncostleadtohighpricesintheshops.?Hesavedthechildrenfromthefireatthethecostofhisownlife.?Thegovernmenttrytoavoidwaratallcosts/whateverthecost.?AsIlearnedtomycostwhenlwas

15、illinnewYork,youshouldalwaystakeoutmedicalinsurancebeforeyougoabroad.从不愉快的经历中得知译为了解决这个问题,政府与邻国马来西亚进行了协商,准备以为这个港口城市提供淡水为代价,要求其提供一个供水管道.Para21. Sixyearslater,theSingaporehasbothgainedterritorialindependence,andmanagedtobootstrapNswaytowealthinspiteofalackofwaterandenergy.territorial:土地的；领地的；属地的Wemustr

16、especteachother'sterritorialintegrity.Tobootstrapone'swaytowealth:(metaphorically)becomewealthyindependently;thephrase“byone'sbootstraps,meansonedoessomethingallbyone'sefforts,orindependently.bootstrapn&V2. astrapthatisloopedandsewntothetopofabootforpullingiton3. helponeself,ofte

17、nthroughimprovisedmeans译60年后,这个城市国家不但取得了领土的独立,而且在水利和能源匮乏的情况下成功地走向了富裕.Andnow,againstalloddscompletewaterindependencefrombothMalaysiaandeventheweatheriswithineasyreachodds:可能性,时机；不利条件；掣肘的事情；againstallodds:尽管很困难egAgainstallodds,hefinishedthework.尽管很困难,他仍完成了这项工作.reach:伸手可及的距离withineasyreachparaphase:Des

18、pitethedifficulties,Singaporehasalmostrealizedtotalindependenceinwater.ItwillnotrelyonitsneighborcountryMalaysiaandevennotbecontrolledbytheweather.现在,尽管还有困难,完全独立的水资源已经唾手可得.既不必依赖马来西亚的供应,也不受老大的左右.Para3Ratherthanflushingwasteintothesea,thewaterutilitycollectsthecountry'swastewater,cleansittopristin

19、elevels,andreturnsittothepublicsupply.ratherthan:1.要而不,与其倒不如We'llhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthanintheauditorium.我们与其在礼堂里开会,不如在教室开会.Theythusincreasedtheirannualgrainproductionratherthandiminishedit.他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量.pristine'pr?s,ti:n,pr?'sti:ncompletelyfreefromdirtorcontamination

20、原始状态的；未受损的；新鲜而纯洁的,清新的；原始的；远古的,天真无邪of/not而不是1. cleanwithwater冲刷,去除2. Becomeemptyofwastebyaflowofwater冲走译水利部门不是使废水流入大海,而是集中全国的废水,把其净化到相当纯洁的水平,再使其返回到公共供水.Para4relish:'reli?n&vgetenjoymentfrom;takepleasurein;enjoyment从获得乐处,享受havenorelishfor不喜欢,对不感兴趣loseitsrelish失去风味,失去吸引力,使人不感兴趣loserelishforone&

21、#39;sfood食欲不振withrelish津津有味地,有兴趣地rejuvenate:r?'d?u:v?,ne?tmakeyoungerormoreyouthful使变得年轻,使恢复活力Themountainairwillrejuvenateyou.?山里的空气会使你恢复活力.power:向提供动力supplytheforceorpowerforthefunctioningofintensive:adj.characterizedbyahighdegreeorintensity力口强的,集中的,密集的；彻底的；增强语气的aquifer:'?kwif?地下蓄水层；砂石含水层un

22、dergroundbedorlayeryieldinggroundwaterforwellsandspringsetcRejuvenatingthewastestreamrequireselectricitytopoweranintensivecleaningprocess,andthatinvestmentmakestherecycledwatermoreexpensivethanwhat'susedblessedwithnearbyfreshwaterlakes,rivers,andaquifers.净化废水需要电能提供精密的清洁过程,而这项投资使得回收的水比其它城市使用的天赐的周

23、边的淡水湖泊、河流以及地下水要昂贵的多.Para5radical:'r?dik?lfundamental,innovative根本的,创新的,激进的pilot:adj.experimental试验性的；引导的unveil:vt.makevisible;removetheveilfrom揭去的面罩,使公之于众;揭露TheplanwasunveiledwiththeapprovalfromtheMinister.经部长同意该方案被公之于众.ultimate:adj.beingthelastelementofaseries最后的,最终的strategy:'str?tid?in.ane

24、laborateandsystematicplanofaction战略学,兵法；战略,策略；策略,计策strategicfilter:n.过滤,过滤器vt.&vi.removebypassingthroughafilter透过,过滤microbe:'ma?.krobn.微生物,细菌aminutelifeform(especiallyadisease-causingbacterium);virus:病毒；病毒性疾病；恶毒,恶意impurity:n.worthlessmaterialthatshouldberemoved不纯,不洁,杂质sparkling:'spqrkl?s

25、hiningwithbrilliantpointsoflightlikestars发火花的,闪亮的；灿烂的sparkle'spa:kldebut:n.'初次表演,首次出场,处女秀Thesingermadeherdebutwhenshewasonlyfive.Para6cajoleintodoing:k?'d?lvt.influenceorurgebygentleurging,caressing,orflattering(用甜言蜜语、虚假诺言等)劝诱,哄骗?Thelittlegirlcajoledherfatherintobuyingheranewdress.?这小姑娘哄

26、得她爸爸给她买了一件新衣服.?cajole(sb.)into(outof)doingsth.?诱(人)做停止做某事?cajole(sth.)outoffromsb.?甜言蜜语骗走某人的(某物)residue:'rez?,du:,-,dju:remnantn.乘U余,余渣；somethingleftafterotherpartshavebeentakenawaywafer:"we?f?n.薄脆饼；威化饼；圣饼；封信条,封缄纸；电薄片；圆片；晶片；waferfabrication'f?br?.ke?n晶片加工厂siliconwafer硅片champion:v,fightf

27、or,supportstrongly,defendHehaschampionednumerouscausesconnectedwithcivilliberties.他支持了很多与公民自由有关的事业.inpart:insomedegree,partly局部地Theaccidentwasdueinparttocarelessness,butmainlytobadluck.Para7Prime:instructinadvance事先指导,提前准备Patriotic:'p?tri.a?k爱国的,有爱国心的patriot,patriotismparody:'p?r?di:n.滑稽的模仿诗

28、文；拙劣的模仿；humorousorsatiricalmimicrycountonsb.依赖,依靠,期望,指望I'mcountingonyoutopersuadeher.我指望你能说月艮她.Iknowofatleasttwopeoplewhocanbecountedontosupportus.我知道至少有两个人可以指望会支持我们.Para8queasy:'kwi:zi:adj.feelingnausea;feelingabouttovomit指人想呕吐的,感到恶心的；易反胃的；指良心等感到不自在的,感到不安的reaction:n.反响；回应；反作用力deter:d?'t?:vt.trytoprevent.阻止；