新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习地的题目选择填空

1、实用标准文档Chapterl Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.1 n area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2 .The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3 .The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4 .Death

2、 Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5 .The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6 .The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7 .The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8 .The US largest open-pit copper-mini

3、ng center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast

4、 west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts

5、of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas ofLouisianaand Texas, and from onshoreareas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has remi

6、nded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1 .The over 3 million of early

7、Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2 .About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3 .The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4 .American Indians now mainly live in the South.5 .The majority of American Hispan

8、ics are from the following countries exceptSpain.6 .The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7 .According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes8 .The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions exceptthe South.9 .The United

9、 States is the third most populous nation in the world.10 Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nati

10、onality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered muc

11、h greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.11 The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally

12、freed in 1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.12 The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious an

13、d intelligent. They are now viewed as a model minority" in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the pr

14、esent American Indians came from Asia.2. “Theambition for the vast lands "is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15 th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India.4. Vasco da Gamadiscovered the route to India.5. J

15、ohn Cabotwas sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia. (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia, which was established in

16、 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean. He was convinced that he had found

17、the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucciwho showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in

18、Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up Mayflow er Compact”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected

19、 by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding. The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket, which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop

20、in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parl

21、iament in order to help the British East India Company4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia.5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington6. Thomas Paine ' s Common Sense urged the American colonis

22、dtetdare their in dependence.7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson8. The victory at Saratogawas considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the developme

23、nt of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The SugarAct of 1764 a

24、nd the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stam

25、p collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give i

26、n to their demands. This united action could be called boycott.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it the first d eclaration of the rights of the individual".6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1

27、781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi Riveron the west and from the Great Lakeson the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social chan

28、ge brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states2. James Madisonwas called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except th

29、at the new government should impose its authority on the people through states4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. They spell out the people " ss rncorrect to comment on

30、 the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a le

31、gislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Islandattended the ope

32、ning session. The president of the convention was George Washington3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams a

33、nd the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The

34、War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial ec

35、onomy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the Sou

36、th mainly because of the Whitney ' s cotton gin4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union.6. It Immediately freed all slaves living in the Un

37、ited States about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was itsindustrial superiority.8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership.1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was Amer

38、ica for Americans' which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana TerritoryC. the occupation of the far

39、Southwest3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louisand New Orleans.4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-n

40、inth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as aslave state, but the balance of political power maintained byadmission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line 36 38hrallel.6. In 1

41、862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery, where

42、 Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863.精彩文案实用标准文档8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who f

43、aced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell6. Th

44、e value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the USSpanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstr

45、uction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners mov

46、ed to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical

47、 reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring whitesupremacy and driving blacks out ofpolitics.5. During Theodore Roosevelt s presidency the

48、 US got control cPanama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20 th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany.2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neut

49、rality.3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson ' s Fourteen Points did not include the point creation of an international peacekeeping force5. Only the rich could afford new consumer goods about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thoug

50、ht that the basic role of the Government was to create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprisers7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmersoverproducticpioblem of8. It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar is

51、 not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power 2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917 was the Germany unsmited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Pari

52、s Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations4. The United States didn ' t join the League of Nations becauseehatU Sefused to approve the Treaty of Versailles5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo i

53、n the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment.(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted i

54、n 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II精彩文案实用标准文档1. B

55、etween 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin a

56、gree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent t

57、o Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter.1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as those

58、goods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-LeaseAct enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal of w

59、orld democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race, religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination. In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was