初中英语句子成分教案

1、初中英语句子成分教案【篇一：句子成分教案】教学过程一、复习预习预习英语中句子成分分析和五大基本句型二、知识讲解step1 定义：只有一个主谓结构的句子1 ）主 +谓a 简单句）主+谓 +宾五大基本）主+系 +表句型）主+谓 +间接宾语+）主+谓 +宾 +宾语补足语句子分类b 并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句名词性从句宾语从句c 复合句表语从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句句子构造思想：一个句子有仅且有一个主谓结构，如形成并列句或从句，则可以有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。step2句子成分：主语谓语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语 同位语 插入语主语：动作的发起者或事物描述的主题谓语：有

2、动词充当，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。也可分为助动词 情态动词系动词和实义动词。助动词：do does did have has had （仅用于完成时中）情态动词：can could may might will would must need shallshould联系动词be动词感官系动词：sound taste feel smell look系动词变化系动词：go get become turn grow保持系动词：keep stay remain及物动词（vt ）如： eat do buy play动词X若在不及物动词后加适当的介词，则能形成及物的动词词组，能加宾语不及物动词（vi

3、）如： sleep walk run宾语：动作的对象，内容或者承受者表语：表明主语是什么或者主语怎么了（发生变化或者继续进行）动 +双宾语 动 +复合宾语补语：进行补充说明的句子成分定语：起限制限定作用，有形容词或相当于形容词的短语充当。状语：有副词或相当于副词的介词短语充当，修饰实义动词或形容词副词，表示时间，地点，方式，原因，条件等同位语：对另外一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明的句子成分。考点/易错点1句子成分的划分，影响非谓语动词和从句的学习考点/易错点2句子种类判断，以及句子构造思想三、例题精析【例题 1 】【题干】she is a very good student【答案】主+系

4、+定 +程度状语+定 +表【解析】划分句子成分，主系表结构【篇二：英语语法教案-句子成分】初中英语句子成分一、句子成分概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。1 、主语一个句子中需要加以描述或说明的对象。表示句子所说的是什么人或事物。短语等充当。2 ）名词做主语：3 ）代词做主语： s a bit expensive.4 ）数词做主语：one and two is three.one is not enough for me. i want one more.one

5、of them is english.two will be enough.4）名词化形容词：the rich ； the poor ； the blind ； the deafthe blind need more help.不定式短语作主语常以it s adj. to do sth. 形式出现，it 作形式主语，真正主语放在句后。to be a doctor is my dream.its bad manners to spit in public.it s glad to see you again.it was difficult to see.6 ）动名词做主语：seeing is

6、believing.eating too much is bad for your health.working with you is a pleasure.7 ） “ there be 结构做主语， ”be 作谓语，主语位居其后。there is apen on the desk.there are many different kinds of mooncakes.there will be a strong wind.“there be结构中there无实际意义例如： there is a boy there 。第一个 there 无意义，第二个代指那里 。8 ） it 作主语，有如下

7、情况：1指代刚刚提到的事物：O what s this ?it ' s a bus吉（代 what）2指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人O who s knocking the door?it ' s me擂代 who） who s the baby in the picture? it s my sister. （指代who）3表示时间，天气，距离：O what s the time?it ' s eight o ' clo眯闻） what s it going to be tomorrow?it ' s going to be rainy.（天气）

8、how far is it? it s about one kilometre away. （ 距离 ）2 、谓语说明主语的动作或状态，说明主语“做什么 ”“ 是什么 ”或 “怎么样 ”，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to 的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1） 简单谓语由动词（或短语动词）构成。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。he

9、works in a factory. （ 一般现在时主动语态）i like walking.（ 一般现在时主动语态）i made your birthday cake last night. （ 一般过去时主动语态）it is used by travellers and business people all over the world.（一般现在时被动语态）2）复合谓语：第一种是由 情态动词/助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成： O1 we cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。im sorry, i cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你i c

10、an speak a little english. 我会说一点英语2he doesn ' t like english. Odo you speak english.i won t do it again.you d better catch a bus.第二种是由连系动词+表语构成：we are all here.school is over. let s go home.my pen is in my bag.you look very happy.he looked worried.i feel terrible.the weather gets wamer, and the

11、days get longer.keep quite and listen to me.连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割。练习：分析句子的主语和谓语mr. li teaches english.he can play the piano.my parents and i are having dinner.3 、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。例句： my sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。表语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合

12、谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词 , 形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。thesedesks are yellow. 这些桌子是黄色的。i am all right.my work is teaching english, 我的工作是教英语。my question is how you knew him. 我的问题是你如何认识他的。系动词的分类：【篇三：初中英语句子成分及句子种类】教学第一环节：衔接阶段? 回收上次课的教案，检查学生的作业，做判定? 了解学生上周学习的情况，查漏补缺，为后面的备课方向提供依据教学第二个环节：教学内容：句子成分与句子种类句子是由各种词类按照一定

13、的语法规则组成的，可以表达完整的概念。句子开头第一个字母一定要大写，结尾要注明标点符号。一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。1 主语 表示所说的“是什么 ”或 “是谁 ”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。主语要放在句首。to say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。 （不定式作主语）what you sai

14、d hurt me badly.你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。（从句作主语 ）2 谓语 起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三个表现形式：（1）动词或动词短语作谓语he studies hard. 他学习很努力。the performance has alreadybegun. 演出已经开始。（2）谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语they are picking apples. 他们正在摘苹果。he made us laughheavily. 他使我们大笑不止。（3） 连系动词和表语作谓语her mother is an

15、inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。it is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。he is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、 for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。3 表语 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes.她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服

16、。（不定式作表语） teaching is learning. 教学相长。（动名词作表语）4 宾语 是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。do you enjoy living here? 你愿意住在这里吗? （ 动名词作宾语）i want only one. 我只要一个。（数词作宾语）i dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。（从句作宾语）注意：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语），直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, gi

17、ve, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do,get, order, play, sing, pay 等。she showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些杂志给我看。i promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词。she made me a sweater. （she made a sweater

18、for me.）她给我织了一件毛衣。he left her three children. （he left three children to her）他给她留下三个孩子。有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。the couple named the baby mary.（ 名词作宾补 ） 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。he made her unhappy. 他使她很不高兴。（形容词作宾补）“let me out! the boy cried.让我出去！ ”那男孩喊道。（副词作宾补

19、） she saw aman in front of the gate. 她看见门外有一个男人。（介词短语作宾补）she often helps me do the housework. 她经常帮助我做家务。（不定式作宾补）i kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时。（动名词作宾补 ）5 状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。she drove fast.（ 副词作状语

20、）她把车开得飞快。there is a shelter under the post office.在邮局的地底下，有一个掩蔽所。（介词短语作状语）to liberate our country, they devoted their lives.为了解放祖国，他们献出了生命。（不定式短语作状语）seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。（分词短语作状语）it was blowing hard when she was on her w

21、ay home yesterday.昨天她回家的路上，风刮得正大。（从句作状语）6 定语定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。the man outside the teachers office is his father. 办公室外面的那人是他的父亲。（介词短语作定语） ill have a lot of clothes towash this saturday. 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。（不定式作定语）will you say something

22、 about your travelling experience? （动名词作定语）the woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.（从句作定语）正在台上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。二、句子的种类（一）、简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构，并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成，不包含任何从句。有五种基本句型。1. 主语 +谓语（不及物动词）the new term begins. 新学期开始了。2. 主语 +谓语（及物动词）+宾语the girl is learning to play the piano. 这个女孩在学弹钢琴。3. 主语 +连系动词+表

23、语the rice got burned 。 饭焖煳了。4. 主语 +谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语he bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。5. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补语we all believed you honest. 我们都认为你是诚实的。二、并列句（简单句+连词+简单句 ）并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行，同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连接。并列句可分为四种：1.表示相同关系用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。常用连词有：and, not only.but also., neith

24、er.nor.susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high.苏姗不但跑得快，而且跳得高。i could neither swim nor skate. 我既不会游泳，也不会滑冰。2. 表示转折关系常用连词有：but, still, yet, while 等。it was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了，但是他还在继续做作业。she was busy cooking while they were watching tv.她忙着做饭，而他们却在看电视。the film is

25、not perfect, still, its good. 这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔，但还是好的。3. 表示选择关系常用连词为：or, either.or. 。the teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。hurry up,or youll miss the train.4. 表示因果关系常用连词有for 和 so 。we hurried to the r

26、ailway station, for there was little time forthe train to leave.我们急忙赶往车站，因为火车很快就要开了。the teacher asked susan to go, so she went（ did）. 老师让苏姗到她那去，因此她就去了。三、复合句（主句+连词+从句）包含一个主句，一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。注意引导词、语序和时态。教学第三个环节：巩固练习同义句转换1 .there is only a chair in t

27、he room. （同义句转换）there is a chair in the room.2 . mrs.smith is busy. she is doing her housework now.mrs.smith isher housework now.3 .the teacher said ， “ don t cheat in exams ， children! ”the teacher told the children cheat inexams.nick was any further.5.we can t finish the project on time unless you

28、 support us.the project can etbfinished on time 6.shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?watch the exciting pingpong match together?7.my cousin usually walks to school every morning. （改为同义句）my cousin usually goes to school everymorning. （对划线部分提问）is your friend?9. “ are you going to vis

29、it zi gong next week?” father asked me.（改为间接引语）father asked me igoing to visit zi gongnext week. （对划线部分提问）you use to stay on family holidays?11 .james spent ten years making this amazing film （保持句意基本不变）james ten years to make this amazing film.12 .chris has gone to south africa to enjoy the 2010 wor

30、ld cup.karen has gone to south africa to enjoy the 2010 world cup,too. （ 合并为一句）chris karen have gone to south africa toenjoy the 2010 world cup.13 .visitors love this city because it has historical sights anddelicious food. （改为简单句）visitors love this cityits historical sightsand delicious food.14 . （

31、对划线部分提问）from fukang to unmnqi by bus?（对划线部分提问）this new computer ?16、不同句子结构的转换，主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换1）we found him a good pupil. we found a good pupil.2）the room is so small that my family cant live in it.the room isnt my family _ live in.the room is small my family live in.3)his grandfather died ten ye

32、ars ago. it ten years _his grandfather .4)im not sure what i should do next. im not sure next.5)hurry up, or youll miss the train. _ you _ hurry up, youll miss the train.17、根据句意的转换1) yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except lucy. lucy go to the farm with us yesterday. 2)sam is friendly to hi

33、s classmates and his classmates are friendly to him.sam well with his classmates.4)english is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.english the largest number of in the world.5)its your turn to do it. its you to do it.6) it rained heavily last night.there lastnight.7) the building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.the building many tall trees all is beautiful.8) i spent two hours reading the book yesterday.me two hours the book yesterday.9) he bought the book two weeks ago. he t