外文翻译---车载无线传感器网络监测系统设计

1、江汉大学毕业论文设计外文翻译原文来源 Wireless sensor network monitoring system design 中文译文 车载无线传感器网络监测系统设计 姓 名 李俊杰 学 号 202107202141 2012年 1月 15 日 Wireless sensor network monitoring system designKang yi-mei,Zhao lei,Hu jiang,Yang en-bo(Study on Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)Summary: A car wireless

2、 sensor network monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards. With universal wireless sensor networks, expansion of the scope of monitoring and monitoring functions for in-car system, car data acquisition and condition monitoring of equipment status and the necessary equipment contr

3、ol, topology control, topology query functions.Keywords: wireless sensor networks; monitoring systemIntroductionIn order to satisfy the people to car safety, handling and comfort requirements, vehicle integrated with more and more electronic system .At present, car electronic equipment is widely use

4、d 16 or 32-bit microprocessor control. Creating in-vehicle monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standard for wireless sensor networks, designed to achieve a more optimized wireless sensor networks, the progressive realization of the network of automotive systems, intelligent and contr

5、ollable to provide high-Car System security.System designIn this paper, the existing vehicle system, the data transmission mode is extended to the wireless transmission mode, the realization of a star network data acquisition system. And can place each data acquisition node of the acquired data is t

6、ransmitted to the gateway, the gateway through the serial port to upload data to the host computer, in the host data real-time waveform display, and method of database to preserve, for the follow-up data processing. The application of system object is composed of a temperature sensor, pressure senso

7、r, speed sensor, speed sensor, a current sensor, pressure sensor, sensor subsystem. The purpose of this design is to use a monitoring host machine end to the detection of multiple target environment, taking into account the access data throughput and software system complexity, using time-division m

8、ultiplexing way, one by one on the net terminal collecting point of control and data acquisition.As shown in Figure 1, the system is divided into 3 parts: Vehicle Monitoring Center, gateway and mobile sensor node. Gateway is the whole vehicle system core, and all vehicular sensor node communication.

9、 Vehicle monitoring center to the gateway sends a control command by the gateway, the control command is converted to an RF signal and sent to the vehicle sensor node. When the vehicle sensor nodes to transmit data, gateway into the data reception state, and upload data to the monitoring center for

10、further processing. In addition, car between sensor nodes cannot communicate with each other. The monitoring center of the monitoring software and gateway in RS232standard interface for communication.Vehicle sensor node life cycle is active and dormant periods. Nodes in the active phase of the compl

11、etion of data acquisition, data sent to the gateway, receiving and executing gateway command; in the dormant period off the wireless RF module in order to save energy, until the next active period. System through this mechanism of dormancy to reduce energy consumption, extend the time span of the sy

12、stem as a whole.The system used PC as the control center, PC machine monitoring software in VB development environment, is a dialog based application software. In order to improve the communication module of the intelligent level, in the design, its function is not limited to the real-time data disp

13、lay, all of the data collection by the monitoring software by sending a request signal to the trigger. Considering the original data for subsequent processing and in-depth analysis of the vehicle system, can accurately judge, software has also added data preservation of the document and data file di

14、splay function.Generally speaking, the whole network are controlled by the host monitoring software, the working process of every node of the network is the need of human participation.2 hardware system design2.1application chip introduction 2.480 GHz, data transmission rate of 250kbps, using 0-QPSK

15、 debugging mode. This feature-rich two-way 2.4GHz transceiver with a data modem which can be in the ZigBee technology application. It also has an optimized digital core, helps to reduce the MCU processing power, shorten the cycle of execution.The main control MCU choose HCS08series of low power, hig

16、h performance microprocessor MC9S08GB60. The processor has a 60Application of KB programmable Flash、4 KB RAM,10 ADC,8 channel2 asynchronous serial communication interface ( SCI ),1 synchronous serial interface ( SPI ) and I2C bus module, can fully meet the requirement of vehicle gateway and node pro

17、cessor requirements.2.2 MCl3192and MC9S08GB60hardware connectionMC13192and MC9S08GB60 hardware connection diagram as shown in figure 2. The MC13192control and data transmission on 4 wire serial peripheral interface ( SPI ) is completed, the4interface signals were MOS-I, MISO, SPICLK. The main contro

18、l MCU through the control signal exiting sleep mode or hibernation mode, through to reset the transceiver, through the RXTXEN to control the data sending and receiving, or force the transceiver into idle mode. The sensor output analog signal through MCU 8 Channel10 bit ADC conversion input to MCU. M

19、CU via SPI MC13192to read and write operation, and the sensor to collect the signal processed by MC13192launch out. The MC13192 interrupt IRQ interrupt register through the pins and to judge the type of interrupt. MC908GB60 pin to control the MC13192 into a different mode of operation .Control of th

20、e sensor signal from the MC13192receiving antenna in, transmitted via SPI to MCU, after MCU judgment after processing through the GPIO port is transmitted to the sensor, complete control of the sensor. At the same time, MCU MC13192transceiver control and the MAC layer operation.The 3system software

21、design3.1of overall software designThe software design is the design of the core, the key lies in the overall framework of software and data structure design. An important factor to consider is a efficiency, another is to design the clarity.System software consists of the gateway node and the sensor

22、 node is composed of two parts, the two parts are needed to complete the SMAC protocol transplantation, and according to the different needs for the upper communication applications with API interface function. Because the SMAC protocol stack programming model using hierarchical design, only the und

23、erlying PHY and MAC program level and related hardware, and network layer and application layer procedures is not affected by hardware effects. SMAC in different hardware platform transplantation only need to modify the PHY and MAC layer, each layer can shield the hardware differences directly run.A

24、s shown in Figure 3, the design of the software for system platform layer, protocol layer and application layer 3layer. At the same time, defines 3API interface: system layer interface, protocol layer and application layer interface. System level interface defines a hardware register mapping, so C l

25、anguage to be able to directly access the hardware registers to control hardware. System platform based on real-time operating system C/II protocol layer, to provide system services Hardware driving module provides the hardware driver, all of the hardware control through the module to provide servic

26、es. Platform layer protocol layer interface protocol layer to provide services. Protocol layer is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and link layer based on the ZigBee network layer protocol. Application layer through the application layer interface to invoke services provided by the protocol

27、 layer, network management and data transfer tasks. Application of configuration module can call protocol layer to provide network services, will direct the system configuration and query, it is mainly through the AT commands to achieve, so the module calls the application layer interface and protoc

28、ol layer interface to provide services.3.2sensor node software designBased on the long-term use of the functional requirements, sensor nodes in the software design is the key to achieve the required functions, and can minimize the energy consumption of the sensor nodes.It was found, ZigBee module an

29、d the energy consumption is much larger than the central processor and the energy consumption of sensor module. Therefore, the sensor node design of application software to try to make each module in a dormant state, and minimizing wakes ZigBee module number. Therefore, the sensor nodes, power of ea

30、ch functional module initialization is completed, and joined the network, enter the Sleep state, the central processor cycles to be timed wake-up to send data to the gateway, and receives the gateway command. Sensor nodes of the workflow are shown in Figure 4.The 3.3 gateway node software designGate

31、way downward management sensor node, to complete and PC monitoring center of interaction, the need for a complicated task management and scheduling, therefore, based on the uC / OS kernel of embedded operating system to manage the gateway, the application task efficiently provide good software suppo

32、rt. According to gateway function demand, the C / OS-II, SMAC protocol organic union, form a network operating environment, the user can conveniently on the basis of its development and application. Based on C / OS-II extended gateway software platform structure is shown in figure 5. Based on C / OS

33、-II operating system, were used to build the system task SYS_task ( ), START_task ( SMAC star network task ), gateway and a sensor node interaction task COMM_task ( ), PC monitoring center port monitoring mission ( SER_task ) applications such as a series of tasks, thus realizing the gateway softwar

34、e application function.The 3.4 host monitoring software designThis system is the ultimate goal of the collected vehicle sensor data is transmitted in real-time to the host, and the host of display and preservation. Display is designed to get on-board sensor node monitoring environment of the initial

35、 situation, preservation is designed as an in-depth analysis of the data samples. In addition, the system as a whole the main prosecution and the data acquisition request initiator, need to be able to send the data request signal in accordance with the requirements of. According to the above require

36、ments, VB environment in the development of a dialog based application. This application includes a 4 module:data waveform display module. The role of the module is a form of waveform data of the node to be displayed in real-time, it is the use of MS Chart and Timer control.topology display module.

37、When the user wants to know the wireless sensor network topology construction situation, you can view the topological information, understanding of network nodes join and loss.The historical data display module. In vehicle network system to a certain period of the past, may need a certain period of

38、time the original data for subsequent processing and in-depth analysis, so that the vehicle system of accurate judgement. With the aid of historical data display module, the control center from the gateway of the data obtained, according to the different attributes of the nodes, address and time are

39、 saved to the database of the corresponding field, and may be will displayed by waveform of historical data, for the user analysis.The controlling module :In vehicle during system operation may be concerned about a vehicle sensor value node, or to a sensor threshold settings, for monitoring environm

40、ental exceptions can be promptly reported to the system. These are available through the control module of the system are corresponding to the set, the control module can also be on the system in which one does not need to delete the node.In short, through the host monitoring software users can visu

41、ally and many aspects of general wireless sensor network systems to understand and use.4 test and verification testingTesting equipment:4 MCl3192ZigBee chip node,1as a gateway node, the remaining 3as sensor nodes.Test method: the gateway node power,4 LED and light, scanning channel if the search to

42、the idle channel, the LED goes out and join the free channel for. The sensor node power,4 LED scanning in the channel at the same time, polling light. LED1 flashes once when the sensor nodes receive the allocation address of the gateway node, So far, networking process and address binding process is

43、 complete. Zigbee RF communication testTesting equipment: ZigBee node 4, a computer terminal stationTest method: according to the ZigBee transmission frame format, the actual transmission total bytes for ( n 6), namely ( n 6) bytes for a data packet. According to the set parameters of the software,

44、such as packet loss is the loss number plus 1. If the received data packet, receives the data packet number plus 1, and then sends the data were compared with data, if the data is correct, the number of packets plus 1, and error packets number plus 1. The last statistic results, can know the data pa

45、cket loss and packet error rate. The 4 node to form a ZigBee network,1 of them as the gateway, the remaining 3 nodes for sensor node. Write a program to set:3nodes and gateway communications, computer terminal and the gateway is connected through RS232, terminal equipment software records from the 3

46、node to receive data, nodes work at 2.4 GHz frequencies, transmission of a byte of data, circular send 100 times. To obtain the final3 node test average as a result of the data analysis. Star network radio frequency communication BER test results as shown in table 1.Experimental analysis of: in a st

47、ar network for data transmission, the test results significantly worse on a single point to single point transmission mode. This is mainly because, in the transmission process node must exist between the frequency interference and other interference.4.3power testSystem status and hibernation, respec

48、tively, using a multimeter to test the gateway node and the power consumption of sensor nodes, the test results listed in Table 2.ConclusionThis paper analyzes the IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol, combined with the general development principles of communication systems and embedded systems, IEEE8

49、02.15.4 protocol on the C / OS-II operating system, select the appropriate hardware and software platform, focusing on software support for the platform, the software design of the overall structure of the communication protocol stack, and ultimately to achieve a compliant with the ZigBee specificat

50、ion car star wireless data acquisition network. The system has the following advantages: system easy to install. Wireless interconnection makes the equipment installation location is flexible to meet the requirements of the automation system is installed. It is simply that the power can take equipme

51、nt. The network system can automatically complete the network configuration. scalability. Equipment within the coverage of the vehicle gateway, turn on the device, the node will automatically join the network. network self-healing ability. If the network is a device fails, the vehicle gateway can au

52、tomatically monitor, issue the command the device reset and re-network.车载无线传感器网络监测系统设计康一梅，赵 磊，胡 江，杨恩博 就读于北京航天航空大学摘要：基于IEEE 802154和ZigBee标准实现了一个车载无线传感器网络监测系统。借助通用无线传感器网络，为车载系统扩展了监控范围和监控功能，实现了车载设备状态的数据采集和状态监视，以及必要的设备控制、拓扑控制、拓扑查询等功能。关键词：无线传感器网络；监测系统；MC9S08GB60；MC13192引言为了满足人们对车载平安性、操控性以及舒适性的要求，车载上集成了越来

53、越多的电子系统。目前，汽车电子设备广泛采用16位或32位微处理器进行控制。本文基于IEEE 802154和ZigBee标准的无线传感器网络构建车载监测系统，设计实现更加优化的无线传感器网络，逐步实现车载系统的网络化、智能化和可控性，以提，高车载系统的平安性。1 系统设计方案 本文在现有的车载系统上，将数据传输的方式扩展为无线传输方式，实现一个星型网络的数据采集系统。并能分别将各个数据采集节点的所获得的数据传输到网关，网关通过串口将数据上传到主机上，在主机中实现数据的实时波形显示，并以数据库的方式加以保存，供后续数据处理。该采集系统的应用对象由温度传感器、油压传感器、转速传感器、速度传感器、电流

54、传感器、压力传感器等传感器子系统所组成。这样设计的目的是用一个监控主机端来检测多个待测目标环境，考虑到接入的数据吞吐量和软件系统的复杂程度，采用时分复用的方式，逐个对网内的终端采集点进行控制采集。 如图1所示，该车载系统分3个局部：车载监控中心、车载网关和车载传感器节点。车载网关是整个车载系统的核心，可以和所有的车载传感器节点通信。车载监控中心可以向车载网关发出控制命令，由车载网关将控制命令转换为射频信号后发送给车载传感器节点。当车载传感器节点发送数据时，车载网关进入数据接收状态，并将数据上传到车载监控中心作进一步处理。此外，车载传感器节点之间不能互相通信。监控中心的监控软件与车载网关之间以R

55、S232的接口标准进行通信。图1 系统结构总体图车载传感器节点的生命周期由活泼期和休眠期构成。节点在活泼期完成数据采集，向网关发送数据，接收并执行网关命令；在休眠期关闭无线射频模块以节省能量，直到下一个活泼期来临。系统通过这种休眠机制来减少系统的能量消耗，延长系统整体寿命。 本系统用PC机作为监控中心，PC机上的监控软件在VB环境下开发，是一个基于对话框的应用软件。为了提高通信传输模块的智能化水平，在设计中，它的功能不限于数据的实时显示，所有的数据采集由监控软件通过发送请求信号的方式触发。考虑到原始数据需要进行后续的处理与深入的分析，才能对车载系统的状况进行准确的判定，软件中还添加了数据文件形

56、式的保存与数据文件回显功能。 总体上来讲，整个网络的所有节点都受控于主机监控软件，工作过程中网络的每一个节点都不需要人为的参与。2 系统硬件设计21 应用芯片介绍 Freescale公司的MC13192符合IEEE 802154标准，工作频率是24052480 GHz，数据传输速率为250kbps，采用0-QPSK调试方式。这种功能丰富的双向24 GHz收发器带有一个数据调制解调器，可以在ZigBee技术应用中使用。它还具有一个优化的数字核心，有助于降低MCU处理功率，缩短执行周期。主控MCU选用Freescale公司HCS08系列的低功耗、高性能微处理器MC9S08GB60。 该处理器具有6

57、0 KB的应用可编程Flash、4 KB的RAM、8通道的10位ADC、2个异步串行通信接口(SCI)、1个同步串行外部接口(SPI)以及I2C总线模块，完全能够满足车载网关和节点对处理器的要求。22 MCl3192与MC9S08GB60的硬件连接 MC13192与MC9S08GB60的硬件连接图如图2所示。MC13192的控制和数据传送依靠4线串行外设接口(SPI)完成，其4个接口信号分别是MOS-I、MISO、SPICLK。主控MCU通过控制信号退出睡眠模式或休眠模式，通过来复位收发器，通过RXTXEN来控制数据的发送和接收，或者强制收发器进入空闲模式。由传感器输出的模拟信号经过MCU的8

58、通道10位ADC转换后输入到MCU。MCU通过SPI口进行MC13192的读写操作，并把传感器采集的信号经过处理后通过MC13192发射出去。MC13192的中断通过IRQ引脚和中断存放器来判断中断类型。MC908GB60通过引脚来控制MC13192进入不同的工作模式。对传感器的控制信号可以从MC13192的天线接收进来，通过SPI传送到MCU上，经过MCU的判断处理后通过GPIO口传送到传感器上，完成对传感器的控制。同时，MCU完成MC13192收发控制和所需要的MAC层操作。图2 MC13192与MC9S08GB60的硬件连接图 3 系统软件设计31 软件整体设计 软件设计是本设计的核心，关键在于软件的总体架构和数据结构的设计。着重要考虑的因素一个是效率，另一个是设计的清晰性。车载系统软件由网关节点与传感器节点两大局部组成，这两局部都需要完成SMAC协议的移植，并根据不同需要为上层通信应用提供API接口函数。因为SMAC协议栈编程模型采用层次设计，只有底层的PHY和MAC程序层与硬件相关，而网络层和应用层程序那么不受硬件影响。SMAC在不同硬件平台的移植只需修改PHY和MAC层，其上各层可以屏蔽硬件差异直接运行。 如