定语从句中关系副词的用法

1、定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和 原因状语。其句法结构如下：表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I lnl ever forget the day when I joined the army.表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句： The f

2、actory where his father works is in the west of the city.This is the house where I lived two years ago.表原因的名词reason + why +定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句:That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中 why可以省略)上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job.又如： This was the reason (why )we rai

3、sed the temperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：1) “when' "whereffi “why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原 因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：* I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.* I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.* *This is th

4、e hospital where my mother works.* *This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.* *The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.* *This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “when' "whereft! "whytB可以替换成 介词+ which”，介词的选用取就于 先行词和

5、定语从句中的动词。例如：Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which= when)This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary sbirthday party. (for which=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系， 尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用 “介词 + which ”结构

6、，而不使用关系副词。例如：My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhou se.3)关系副词“when' “wher麒可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语 从句。例如： I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.He came to Sha

7、nghai in 1980, when he was only 12.I don tknow the exact spot where they will meet.Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.有时关系副词“when： "wher明导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象， 是为了平衡句子的语法需要。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house a nd borrowed a diamond

8、necklace?The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “ foreignoil. ”.4) “tha可活用为关系副词，相当于"whenwhere、why”和 介词+ which'结构， 尤其在“thetime when'等结构中的“when常被“thatf弋替，而且“thatff往省略。I may leave here any time I want to.During the time I was there I visited him twice.This is my second time

9、 I have come to your country.5) “whicMT时可用作关系形容词，这是“whichffi非限制性定语从句中的特殊使 用，如：The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.定语从句专项练习1 This is the place John was born?A which B where C. when D that2 He is the only person I want to talk to.A. that B. which C. who D. whose3

10、Is this problem the teacher explained last week?A the one B that C which D one4 The high building stand four policemen is the police station A which B that C in front of it D. in front of which5 My mother will give Mary a model plane she will like to playA which B that C for which D with which6 The

11、film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far away village.A until B that C whenD where7 There are times I wonder why I do this job A as B while C which D when8 After living in London for thirty years， Mr Smith returned to the small to wn he grew up as a child A which B wher

12、e C that D when9 They had a long talk about the persons and things they both knew A whom B what C. that D which10 That is the very book I am looking for.A that B which C what D as11 Who is the scientist is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?A that B who C. which D whom12 I don't like t

13、he way you speak to your teacherA B in that C. which D of which13 Could you tell me when to get the book I want to read?A what B who CD it14 The days we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.A. when B which C who D on which15 A pen friend of mine I often receive letters asked me for some C

14、hinese coins.A who B whom C to who D from whom16 Don't forget the day you were admitted to Beijing University.A when B that C at which D. where17 Perhaps this is the only shop you can get such cheap goods.A. that B of which C by which D where18 I can still remember the place my brother and I use

15、d to sit in the evening.A which B what C .that D where19 is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. What D. As20 All is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. what C. that D. which21 He was seriously ill when he was a child, made him lose his sight.A. as B. that C

16、. which D. it22 In the dark street, there wasn ta single person he could turn for help.A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom23 He told the same story I told.A. that B. which C. as D. it24 The best work is that Tom has done.A. it B. which C. when D. where25 The first thing we should do is to water t

17、he flowers in front of theroom.A. which B. as C. what D. that26 Any girls _ knew him were teachers.A. where B. that C. they D. whom27 The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog _ were just passing by.A. which B. as C. that D. who28 That is the hotel we stayed last year.A. in that B. in which C. why

18、 D. at which29 This is the reason we made Mr Li headmaster of our school.A. where B. when C. before D. why30 The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor _ is very modes t and studies hard.A. who B. that C. as D. which答案与简析：1 B. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。2. A. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last

19、等修饰时，关系代词常用that。3. A. 缺少先行词，故选 A, 作宾语的关系代词省略。4. D 介词+关系代词引导定语从句。5. D. play with 是一个固定结构，故选 with which 。6. C.先行词为时间名词hours,在定语从句中作状语。7. D.先行词为时间名词times,在定语从句中作状语。8. B 先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。9. C.先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。10. A. 先行词被 the very 修饰，关系代词只能用that。11. A. Who 引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用 that , 以免重 复。12. A. way 为先行词时，关系代词用 that 或 in which 或不填。13. C.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用 that或which或不填。14. B. spent是及物动词，关系代词 which作其宾语。15. D. receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选 from whom。16. A. 先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。17. D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。18. D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。19. D. As 引导的