2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1、2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习1 .概念:定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任， 也可以由一个从句来担任。担任定语功能的从未称为定语从定。定语从句在句子 中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。：2 .常见考点：先行词与关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词 称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例：Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?（the girl 为先行词）关系词：引导定语从句的词 被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系 代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中

2、作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在 从句中作状语。例：Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing comes to mind.注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行 词。下面的句子是错误的： 例：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.（应去掉 the book）关系代词和关系副词:常见的关系代词指代对象所作成分指代人指代物即可指人又可指 物主语who, thatwhich, thatthat宾语who, whom, thatwhi

3、ch, thatthat定语whose, of whomwhose; of whichwhose常见的关系副词指代对象先行词关系副词及相应 介词结构时间day, year, date, timewhich, when, during地点the place, the citywhere, in which, from which原因the reasonwhy; for which关系代词的用法who 和 whom的用法：二者都用于指人owho在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。例：In this earthquake, the number of people who lost

4、 homes reached as many as 250,000.whose的用法：whose 一股指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于of which。在定语从 句中作定语。例： You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.which的用法：?which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语 例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. ?在定语从句中作介词的宾语。例：The house in which I used to live has become a s

5、hoe shop.that的用法 that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，否则需要用which或whom等其他词替 代。 例：Jack is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I met five years ago.注意：下列情况关系词指物时,只能用that引导，不能用which引导 当先行词是 all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词。例：Is thereanything that you don&

6、#39;t understand? 当先行词前面有 the only, the very, the last等修饰时。例：This is the only book that I can find.当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。例：This is the best book that I have ever read.当先行词前面有only, all, any, no等修饰时。例：I want to readall the books that were written by Lu Xun.当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句 时。例：Which is the hotel that

7、 you like best?关系副词的用法when的用法在从句中作时间状语。常用on which , in which, at which, during which 等代替。例： April Fool's Day is the day when people make fun of others.(二April Fool's Day is the day on which people make fun of others.)where的用法在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, to which 等替代。例：This is t

8、he mountain village where I stayed last year.why的用法why在定语从句中作原因状语，可以用for which代替。why不可引导非限制性 定语从句，此时可用for which。例：I have come around to explain the reasowhy I was absent from the meeting.定语从句中需注意的事项主谓一致问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式 与先行词应一致?先行词是单数，从句的谓语动词用 单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用 复数。 例： Mr. Smith, who is

9、now downstairs, is asking to see you.? "one of+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语动词用 复数形式；the (only) one of+复 数名词”或the very/right one of+复数名词”后定语从句的谓语动词用 单数形式。 例：Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded.what不可引导定语从句what本身是 复合关系代词”，等同于 先行词+关系代词(which/that ) ”。因止匕, 不能用what引导定语从句。例：Tell me what is happenin

10、g尸Tell me all that is happening.关系代词与关系副词的选用?用关系代词或用关系副词完全 取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾 语，就必须要用关系代词，而不及物动词则要用关系副词。例:(x)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.例:(v)This is he mountain village(which) I visited last year.?看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语，则这个关系词应是关系代词；如果定语从句 中缺少

11、时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，那么我们应该选用 关系副词。例：Beijing is the place where（=in which） I was born. （where 在从句中作地点状）例：He is the manwhom/that I saw yesterday. （whom/that 在从句中作宾语）做题技巧：方法1:先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，看从句的意思是否通顺、完整。例：-The village I visited last year has changed a lot.-Really? I hope to go there one d

12、ay.A. that B. who C. when方法2:四步分析法一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。例：I still remember the park we first met.A. that B. which C. where D. whenPractice :1. Do you know the man is talking to Miss Wu?A. when B. whom C. who D. which2. John is the boy legs were badly hurt in the accident.A. whose B. that C

13、. who D. which3. -Which song do you like better, Lucy?-I prefer the song Little Apple can attract many people.A. whichB. who C. whom D. where4. The house Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.A. which B. that C. in which D. there5. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experi

14、ence people cannot get at home.A. that B. who C. whom D. what6. -Do you know the man came here yesterday?-Yes, he brought me the most interesting book I had wanted to buy.A. who; which B. who ； that C. whom; which D. what; that7. Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners.A. who B. whose

15、C. whom D. which8. I hate the dogslive in the next house.A. who B. that C. what D. whom9. -Do you like the weekly talk show ,The Reader, on CCTV?-Sure. It 's a great TV programbrings the habit of reading back into the public.A. who B. that C. what10. -Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?-Yes. Ha

16、nsel is a smart boy often comes up with a good idea.A. who B. whom C. where D. which11. The earth is the planet provides us with everything we need, fresh air, cleanwater and so on. Its our duty to protect it.A. who B. thatC. where12. Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But do you dare to sit on

17、a seat tellsyou your weight?A. whom B./C. whoD. that13. In a text message,88 means by-ebye. And another example is F2F stands for face to face.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. it14. Do you know the man is talking to Miss Wu?A. heB. whomC. whoD. which15. A friend is someone say“s, What！ You too? I thought I was the only one!"A. whoB. whichC. whatD. whose16. The movie we saw last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who17. He made a hole in the wal，l he could see what was happening in the house.A. on which B. in which C. through which D. at which18. There are lots of things I