8重点初中八大时态,被动语态

1、精心整理动词时态和语态语法学案【学习内容】 动词的时态:时 体现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时do/does一般过去时did/ were一般将来时will do一般过去将来时would do进行现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时will be doing过去将来进行时wouldbe doing完成现在完成时has/have done过去完成时Had done将来完成时will have done过去将来完成时wouldhave done完成进行现在完成进行时has/have been doing过去完成进行时hadbeen doing将来

2、完成进行时will have been doing过去将来完成进行时-would have been doing一、一般现在时：(动词原形)sb+be(am/is/are)+ 表语，sb+do/does+n(宾语)(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态：e.g. We have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.(2)表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3)用在状语从句中，构成主将从现”的句子结构。e.g. I w

3、ill let you know as soon as I hear from him.(4)表示已安排或计划好将来必定发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。e.g. My birthday falls on May 2.The ship leaves at 9:00 a.m(5)图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景等。(6)由 here, there, now, then 开头的句子e.g. There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.二、一般过去时：(动词过去式)sb+be(was/w

4、ere)+ 表语，sb+did(动词过去时)+n(宾语)表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用yesterday, last night, in 1990,two days ago, the day before yesterday last summer; at that timee.g. He didn ' t watch TV last night.三、一般将来时：(will(shall) do)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用tomorrow, next year, next week, in thefuture, the

5、day after tomorrow。e.g. He will be back in a few days.注意将来时几种形式的区别：will(shall) do, be going to do, be about to do, be doing, be to do, do/does(l)will(shall) do 表示将来要出现的动作或状态；表示事物的必然趋势；表示主语的意愿” .w川还有临时决定去做.e.g. Tom will come back next week.Man will die without air.-Who will go and help that poor old

6、man?-Mary will .(玛莉愿意。)be going to do表示即将会 ，打算将(人打算去做);表示根据现在的现象对未来进行推断e.g. He is going to speak on TV this evening.他计划今晚到电视台讲话 .Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.be about to do即将(马上要发生的动作.),此句型不与时间状语连用e.g. The train is about to leave. 火车就要开了 .be doing表示定于 (指接近的将来动作)e.g. He is leaving for

7、 Hong Kong tomorrow morning.他定于明天早晨到香港去 .(5) be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事情(定于，指预定的将来动作)e.g. President Bush is to visit China next month. - -She is to get married next month. 表示 应该"指令性的动作，相当于should/must/have toI Ie.g. This medicine is to be taken three times a day.You are to report to the police. 表示 想，打

8、算”，相当于intend, want.(能用在从句当中)e.g. If we are to be there before ten, we' ll have to go now.be to be done的被动语态e.g. The news is to be found in the evening paper.(6) do/does表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态.一般表示规定好的动作或状态.e.g. The train leaves at 8 o' clock.The class begins at 9 o '-clock.四、过去将来时：(would do

9、; was/were going to do)过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。e.g. No one knew he was going to come.He said that he would go to the cinema.五、现在进彳f 时： ( am/is/are+doing )1 .表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或目前这段时间内正在进行的动作e.g. I was having breakfast at 7 in the morning.They are learning Chinese in Beijing.2 . be always d

10、oing表示反复出现或习惯性动作，带有赞赏，厌恶等情绪.e.g. He is always thinking of othersHe is always making the same mistakes.3用进行时可以表示过程e.g. It ' s getting cold.The leaves on the trees are turning brown.六、过去进行时：(was/were+doing )表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示也可由上下文暗示。常用时间状语：then, at that time , this time yester

11、day , at ten yesterdaye.g. As I was walking in the park, it began to rainThey were listening to the teacher attentively when the bell rang.精心整理七、将来进行时：( will be doing )表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。e.g. I will be busy this evening. I will be writing an article.八、现在完成时：(have/has+done)现在完成时是以过去的时间为起点，表示过去的动作对现

12、在造成的影响或结果，或表示一个动作从过去延续到现在。现在完成时的时间状语：so far, since, for, in the past few years, up to now, till(until)now, recently, for a longtime, already,yet, just, before, recently, lately(注:already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中，且常位于句末)e.g. He has been in the League for three years.They haven ' t finished their home

13、work yet.We have already worked out that problem.注意:since从句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词 ，句子意思是肯定的含义，即：自从干至今.但是从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，句子的意思是否定的，即：自从不干.已经.e.g. It is 20 years since we came here.自从我们来这儿已经20年了 .It is 20 years since we lived here.自从我们不在这儿住已经20年了 .常见的瞬间动词有 :come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, o

14、pen, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, jump, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose 。I IThat/It is the first/second州me(thatj 要用现在完成时态)e.g. This is the first time (that) I have come here.注意：做题的时候，一定要先审清题，然后在做，出题时可能会利用你的思维

15、定式，给你设下套儿.e.g. I in London for many years, but I' ve mevfniared|<E)ctteon to move back to China.A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：His brother was in the army for five years. 他的兄弟当过 5 年兵。(现已退役)His brother has been in the army for five years.他的兄弟已当兵5 年。(现仍在部队里)九

16、、过去完成时：(had done)过去完成时表示过去的过去，即一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生.e.g. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现sb had done sth before sb did/ sb did sth after sb had donee.g. I hadn't learned any English before I came here.我来这儿之前没学过英语。I we

17、nt out for a walk after I had done my homework.做完作业之后，我出去散步.注意：做题的时候，一定要先审清题，然后在做，出题时可能会利用你的思维定式，给你设下套儿.He football regularly for many years when he was young.A. has played B. had played C. played D. plays过去完成时的时间状语：by last year/by the time of,by +含一般过去时态的句子表示到为止”e.g. Edison had built a chemistry la

18、b by the time he was ten注意下面的句子：e.g. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, it too late for him' tolldoeanything about it.A. walks B. walked_C. has walked D. had walked(2)用于 hardly -when, no sooner than!勺句式中，表示 就”精心整理e.g. We had hardly come home when it rained.Hardly had we come home when it

19、rained.(3)用在“It wasthe first/secondtime+that 句型中 ”用在“It was/had been一段时间 since sb had done 句型中e.g. It was the third time that he had made the mistakes.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.十、将来完成时 ：(will have done)常用的时间状语：by+表示将来的时间e.g. By this time of next year, all of you will ha

20、ve become college students.H一、现在完成进行时(has/have been doing) 一直做表示一个动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行。e.g. He has been learning English for 6 years.十二、过去完成进行时：(had been doing ) 一直做表示一个动作开始于过去，并一直持续到过去，并且仍在进行动词的语态：（主动语态、被动语态）被动语态：时 体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be done产1 1/ . jJ. /would/shou

21、ld be done进行is/am/are being donewas/werebeing donewill/shall be being donewould/shouldbe being done完成have/has been donehad beendonewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done完成 进行Have/has been being done" Ihad been being done1 L" JWill/shall have been being donewould/should have b

22、een being done(1)get+过去分词表示被动，即get+done e.g. The patient got treated once a week.He fell off the car and got killed.(2)主动表示被动的一些词： 感官动词:look, sound, feel, smell taste系动词：appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keepe.g. The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical.sth

23、+be+adj to do某事做起来如何 e.g. The clothes are easy to wash.=The clothes wash easily.动词need , require , want作需要”解时，其后跟非谓语动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词的主动形式表示 被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。e.g. The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned.worth的主语通常是物，但其后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，不能接不定式的被动式e.g. The book is well worth reading.

24、注意:be worthy of being done=be worth doingThe book is worthy of being read.表示被动的词组：s reach, beyond belief, in print, in sight,onunder+名词 under repair, under treatment, under control, beyond one out of control, out of fashion, for sale, for rent精心整理(3)不能用于被动的词组. happen, take place, break out, come abo

25、ut, come out , belong to, date backe.g. What has happened over there ?How did it come about ?真题演练1 . I'm calling about the apartment you the otherday.Could you tell me more about itA . advertisedC. are advertising2 . Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I a report at home.A . will be writi

26、ngC. have written3 . What about your self-drive trip yesterday?B. had advertisedD . will advertiseB. will have writtenD . have been writingA .hadB.have_.一心，1 I/ZiC.would haveD .have had4 .Hurry up , kids ! The school busfor us !、 1 !Tiring ! The road is being widened , and we a rough ride.A . waitsB

27、. was waitingC. waitedD . is waiting5 . On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance isonly 20 miles.-A . takes. / / 'jC. took6. Jim a late night film at home whenblank.B. is takingD . will take,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television wen

28、tA . watchedB. had watchedC. was watchingD . would be watching7 . Shakespeare ' s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.A . had been madeC. has been made8 . Hurry up ! Mark and Carol us.A . expectC. have expected9 . So what is the procedure?B. was madeD . would be mad

29、eB. are expectingD . will expectAll the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority.精心整理A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed10. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he it for a very long time.A . has hadB. had hadC. hasD. hadA档（巩固专

30、练）1 . Whatever you have found , you should give it back to whomever it.A . is belonged toB . is belonging toC. belonged toD . belongs to2 . Now the world ' s atttion the stock markets , as they have a great influence on the world economy.A . is fixing onB . has fixed onC. is being fixed onD . ha

31、d been fixed on3 . I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.A . taughtB . have taughtC. are taughtD . have been taught- J 丁 _ I 以4 . I would have helped you , but I the whole week.A . was really occupiedB. really occupiedC. have really occupiedD . will be really occupiedX 5 . Tom

32、is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.So you if you get the first in the exam.A . doB. areC. wouldD. will6 . What were you doing when Lucy in yesterday?I had just finished my homework and to take a shower.-I IA. dropping ； startB . had dropped ； startedC. dropped ； have startedD . dropped ； was st

33、arting7 . I to go for a walk , but someone called and I couldn' t get away.A . was planningB. plannedC. had plannedD . would plan8 . Mom , where is my lunch pack?Just where it.A. has been B. had beenC. wasD . be9 .W川 you be able to see Jennifers parents when the first class is over?I， m afraid n

34、ot.I a lecture on British literature in the hall.A. will attendB.C. will be attending10 . We for cheap houses but havenA . are looking ； oneC. have been looking ； oneD.11 . We are confident that the environmentam attendingD . am going to attend 't found we like yetB . have looked ； itlooked ； th

35、emB档（提升精练）by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A . had been improvedB . will be improvedC. is improvedD . was improved12 . The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.A.had repairedB- have repairedC. repairedD . are repairing-x f，_ I 1/13. Around two

36、 o ' clock every night Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat us.A . bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD . bothered14. If nothing , the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. doesB.C. will doD .15. I don ' t understand why you didnI ' m so sorry.But I my homework.A . had doneB

37、.C. would doD .-I I16. Oh no ! We' re too late.The trainThat ' s OK.Wehad been doneis done't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.was doingam doingll catch the next train to London.A . was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD . has been leaving17 . The girl has a great interest in sport and b

38、adminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A .tookB.is takingC.takesD.has beentaking18 . I felt very tired when I got home , and I straight to bed.A .goB.wentC.had goneD.have gonethreeedialysilarterintil19 . The letters for the boss on his desk but he didnA . were putB. was putD . has p

39、ut20 . I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I to Shanghai.A . will be flyingC. have been flyingB. will flyD . have flownC档（跨越导练）21 . When did you move to Qionghai?B. would workIn 2009.But I in Haikou for many years.A . have workedC. have been workingD . worked10.22 . Who do you think for the accident?A. to blameB. to be blamedC. is to be blamedD . is to blame23 . I have ca lled the station and they tol