语法专题之动词的语态

1、语法专题之动词的语态一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) 主语+am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时2）主语+ has /have been done 现在完成时3）主语+ am/is /are being done 现在进行时4）主语+ was/were done 一般过去时5）主语+ had been done 过去完成时6）主语+ was/were being done 过去进行时7）主语+ shall/will be do

2、ne 一般将来时8）主语+ should/would be done 过去将来时9）主语+ shall/will have been done 将来完成时（了解，不要求掌握）2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, f

3、eel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。3. 为了更好

4、地安排句子。三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is sugges

5、ted that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物

6、动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式

7、的被动形式。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义

8、。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。5 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。试试看，你都学会了吗？-语法巩固练习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. A lot of water _ (waste) every year. Its a serious problem.2. Now many kinds of work _ (can do) by robots. (上海)3. English _ (speak) as a second la

9、nguage in some countries. (山西)4. Fish may _ _ (catch) in the river. (呼和浩特)5. A new bridge _ (build) over the river last year. (福州)6. “Im afraid it _ (need) mending”, Mrs. White turned off the TV. (西安)7. Vegetables, eggs and fish _ (sell) in that shop.8. The children _ often _ (tell) to be careful wi

10、th fire.9. The accident _ (happen) just now.10. Now he _ (be) asked if the meeting _ (hold) next Friday.11. When school was over this morning, it _(snow) outsaide.12. - _ you _(finish) your homework yet? - Yes. I _ it last night.13. Its nine oclock. I can see they _(have) an English class there.14.

11、Look, Jassie! Some of them _(carry) water, others _(water) the trees.15. They_(leave) for Shanghai on business tomorrow monrning.16. My dictionary is broken. I think I _(buy) a new one soon.17. Look at the clouds, please. It _ (rain).18. They _(come) to ask for their books, but they took nothing.19.

12、 At that time we often _(have) nothing to eat. Too bad, you see.20. It _(take) me 20 minutes to get to school every day.21. I _(learn) English for 3 years before I came here.22. Lucy and Lily just _(come) here, so they dont know much about it.23. He has worked in the factory since he _(leave) the un

13、iversity.24.There _(be) a telephone call for you a moment ago. And he _(call) you again.25. I really didnt know when the movie_(begin). Its a pity.二、将下列句子改为被动语态1. You must send your sister to hospital at once. (山东荷泽) She must _ _ to hospital at once.2. The foreigners cant understand this word. (广东)

14、This word cant _ _ by the foreigners.3. Many people speak French in China. (广西) French _ _ by many people in China.4. Mike drew a picture on the blackboard. (四川) A picture _ _ on the blackboard by Mike.5. Someone took away the boxes yesterday. (甘肃) The boxes _ _ away by someone yesterday.6. He doesn

15、t clean the meeting-room every day. (兰州) The meeting-room _ _ every day.7. You can look up the word in the dictionary.The word can _ _ _ in the dictionary.8. Ill buy my daughter a new watch.A new watch will _ _ _ my daughter.9. The boss made the workers work all day.The workers _ _ _ work all day (b

16、y the boss).10. We saw some boys playing football behind the house.Some boys _ _ _ football behind the house.三、单项选择题。1. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. (南京)A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop from throwing2. Many kinds of new bicy

17、cles _ in Number One Machine Factory now.A. are making B. are made C. have made D. will make3. Paper _ first invented in China. (昆明)A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. Do you like the flower? -Yes, it _ sweet. (内蒙古)A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells5. His schoolbag _ away by a woman ten minute

18、s ago. (河北)A. took B. had taken C. was taken D. were taken6. It snowed heavily last night. The ground _ thick snow.(武汉)A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. was getting on with7. The light in the room _ before you leave.(广州)A. must turn off B. will turn off C. are turned D. must b

19、e turned off8. Chinese _ by Miss Wang three years ago.(吉林)A. was taught B. is taught C. was teached D. were taught9. Young trees _ quite often.(武汉)A. should water B. should be water C. should be watered10. _ the kind of question often _ in your class, Ann?(山东)A. Does; ask B. Is; asked C. Has; asked

20、D. Will; ask10. The bridge over the river _ three years ago.(江西)A. is finished B. finished C. was finished D. has finished11. The bridge _ in three weeks.(深圳)A. will build B. is built C. will be built12. The League _ in May, 1922.(安徽)A. found B. was found C. founded D. was founded13. The old men and

21、 the children must _ in our country.(四川)A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take care of D. be taken good care of14. The radio can _ in two days.(湖南)A. mend B. be mend C. be mended D. mended15. Alice is ill. She _ to hospital at once.(四川)A. is sent B. must be sent C. can send D. must send16.

22、The flowers _ every day, or theyll die.(湖北)A. must water B. should water C. can be watered D. must be watered17. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning18. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serve

23、s D. served19. Have you moved into the new house?-No, not yet. The rooms _.A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting20. The girl was unhappy because she _ by some boys in the class.A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 21.- - Oh, its a nice bike

24、. How long _ you _ it?- Just five days.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 22. - Shall we go shopping now?- Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts.A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing 23. Li Dong has _ Greener China for two months.A.joined B. been C. taken part in D. been a member of 24.

25、 - _you _ TV at the moment?- No. You can turn it off.A. Do, watch B. Are, watching C. Have, watched D. Did, watch 25. - Excuse me, sir. You cant smoke here.- Sorry, I _ the sign.A. dont notice B. havent noticed C. didnt notice D. hadnt noticed 26. - Hurry up! Were all waiting for you now.- I _ for a

26、n important phone call. Just go without me.A. wait B.you was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 27. - Why didnt you go to the movie yesterday?- Because I _ it before.A. am watching B. had watched C. watched D. have watched 28. Sorry, Jay Chou _ for half an hour. You cant see him now.A. has left B. has

27、gone C. has been away D. has gone away 29. -The movie Harry Potter is really interesting.- Yeah. I _ it twice.A. have seen B. see C. will see D. had seen30. Jenny is a nurse. She _ in the Town Hospital. A. works B.worked C.had worked D.work31. Dont talk loudly here. My little sister _.A. has gone ou

28、t B. is sleeping C. sleeps D. went to school32. - Hi, Carol. How was your trip to Disneyland? - Oh, Alice. We _ a good time there.A. have B. have had C. had D. are having33. Dont be worried. We are just in time, and we _ the early bus.A. dont miss B. can miss C. will miss D. wont miss34. She said sh

29、e_ me 5 letters in one month.A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote35. Mike, go and see who _ football on the playground.A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing36. - _ you _ to Beijing? - Yes. I will be back next Monday.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C.Are, going D. Did, go37. -L

30、i Lei, is your mother at home? - No. She _ work.A. has been to B. has gone to C. goes to D. has been in38. Dont worry. David said he _here on time very soon.A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be39. - Hurry, John. Its time to leave! - OK, _.A. Im coming. B. Ill come. C. Ive come. D. I would come

31、40. - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _ now.A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant work D. doesnt work四：被动语态练习题1. _ a new library _ in our school last year?    A. Is，built  B. Was , built   C. Does ; build  D . Did ; build 2.

32、 An accident _ on this road last week.    A. has been happened B. was happened  C. is happened  D. happened 3. Cotton _ in the southeast of China.    A. is grown   B. are grown   C. grows   D. grow 4. So far, the mo

33、on _ by man already.    A. is visited  B. will be visited  C. has been visited  D. was visited 5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.    A. is given   B. has been given  C. will be given  D. gives 6. A l

34、ot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.    A. are doing  B. are being done  C. has been done     D. will be done 7. The doctor _ for yet.    A. isn't sent  B. hasn't been sent  C. won't be sent 

35、 D. wasn't sent 8.-When _ this kind of computers_?  -Last year.    A. did; use   B. was; used   C .is; used   D. are; used 9. Who _ this book _?    A. did; written  B. was; written by  C. did; written  D. w

36、as; written 10. Mary _ show me her new dictionary.     A. has asked to  B. was asked to  C. is asked   D. asks to 11. A story _ by Granny yesterday.     A. was told us  B. was told to us  C. is told us   D. tol

37、d us 12. The monkey was seen _ off the tree.     A. jump   B. jumps   C. jumped   D. to jump 13.Older people _ well.     A. looks after    B. must be looked after C. must look after    

38、  D. looked after 14.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen  C. be listened              D. is listened 15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving

39、   B. is served    C. serves      D. served 16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been    B. had been    C. has     D. had 17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A. would be completed B. will

40、 be completed  C. had been completed  D. is being completed 18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded     B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; founded    D. took place;

41、founded 19. Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?   She has _ by her classmates.A. laughed  B. laughed at   C. been laughed  D. been laughed at 20. Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need      B. are needing   C. are needed 

42、60; D. will need21. I promise that matter will _.A. be taken care   B. be taken care of   C. take care    D. take care of  22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given     B. given    C. to give    D. be

43、 given 23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave    B. was given   C. was giving   D. had given 24. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from    B. prevented from  C. be prevented from  D. to prev

44、ent from 25. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building   B. is being built   C. been built   D. be building 26. This bike _ last year.A. bought  B. has been bought  C. was bought   D. had been bought 27. Did you see the ho

45、use that _ by fire last year?A. was destroying  B. destroyed  C. would destroy  D. was destroyed 28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding  C. doesnt decide      D. hasnt decided 29. The p

46、en _ me. It is hers.A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to   C. doesnt belong to  D. didnt belong to  30. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing   B. is being repaired  C. will repair   D. was repairing 31. The chairman told the speaker that s

47、he _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _. A. was expected; heard  B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear  D. was hoped; heard 32- The window is dirty.  - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned   B. didnt clean    C. wasnt cleaned   D

48、. hasnt been cleaned 33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A. would be completed  B. was being completed  C. has been completed     D. had been completed 34. How long _ at this job? Since 1990.  A. were you employed  &#

49、160;  B. have you been employed C. had you been employed     D .will you be employed 35. What happened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake  B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthq

50、uake destroyed them 36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He_ trying to save a child in the earth-quake. A. killed   B. is killed   C. was killed   D. was killing  37. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in

51、 the near future. A. cut   B. are cut   C. are being cut   D. had been cut 38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so quickly. A. is changing  B. has changed C.will have changed   D. will change  &

52、#160;39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose   B. will be lost    C. are lost    D. will lose 40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built     B. is built C. has been built   

53、 D. is being built课后检测60分：一用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. They _(come) to ask for their books, but they took nothing.2. I really didnt know when the movie_(begin). Its a pity.3. The girls _(dance) in the hall at 5:10 yesterday afternoon. 4. Look, Jassie! Some of them _(carry) water, others _(water) the trees.5. They_(leave) for Shanghai on business tomorrow monrning.6. M