最新中考宾语从句详解和练习题

1、学习-好资料更多精品文档宾语从句、宾语从句的定义：I know who heis .主语 谓语 连词从句主语从句谓语主句宾语从句Do you have the time?宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。Iknowhim.主语谓语宾语宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后:I think (that) she is beautiful.I know him.Why don ' t you pay attention to me?宾语从句的概念： 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词、形容词之后。We know Mr

2、 Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句分类：根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类：1 .由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn' t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.that的省略:e.g. I guess (that

3、) somebody else has borrowed it.注意：当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾迨丛包时二一网以省瞳第二个that,其他丕熊省脸?一eg. I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better .2 .由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。 这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting f

4、oe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don ' t know why the train is late.3 .由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if/ whether "是否"，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。 常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。I want to know if (whether) he will go to t

5、he park with us .Ask him whether (if) he can come . I wonder whethe门t is going to rain or not.Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here ?只用whether的情况：1 .在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时：主语从句 :Whether it is true remains a question. Whether he is right or wrong is a question.表语从句：The question is whether it

6、is true.(为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。Whether he will come I am not sure.)The question whether he will accept it confuses us.2 .用在动词不定式之前时 (whether to do sth.):They asked me whether to go skating. I don ' t know whether to go there at once.3 .当与 or not连用，或 or 提出两种选择时 :I don' t know whether he ' s

7、 free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether you ' d like to go shopping or tidy the room.4 .在介，或discuss后面：I' m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop. 注意：只能用if不能用 whether的情况1 .弓 I 导条件状语从句If he runs fast, he&

8、#39; ll get there on time. I' ll go to see you if I have time.2 .弓 I导否定的宾语从句Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.if / whether用法巧记：两个"是否"并不难，一般情况可代换。下列情况用whether,主表不定式or (not)。作为讨论介词宾，此日if不可跟。还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表"如果"，再也不可用whethero宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。练习：选择 if / whe

9、ther o1. I asked her she had a bike.2. We' re worried about he is safe.3. I wonder he is well.4. I don ' t know or not he is well.5. I don ' t know to go.三、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句 +连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分；即：助动词不能放在主语前面。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I coul

10、d help him.注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：What' s wrong?What' s the matter? What' s happening? Who is over there?I don' t know what ' s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?注意：否定前移若主句谓语动词为think, guess, imagine , suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定

11、意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：I think Tom can not swim. 正：I don' t think Tom can swim.此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong, isn' t he?He thinks he is right, doesn' t he?(1

12、) . I don 'think he is right,?A.isn ' t he B.is heC.do ID.don' t I(2) . He believes she is right,?A.doesn't heB.does he C.is she D.isn ' t she否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法：我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。I don't think this dress fits you well, does it?我认为这件衣服不适合你穿，是吗？I don't believe

13、 you will finish the work today , will you?我认为你今天无法完成工作，是吗?四、时态1 .主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago .I have heard that he will come tomorrow .2 .如果主句是过去的时态(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)I knew who lived there. I saw she

14、 was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back the next day.He said that he had seen the movie .3 .从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun. Mr. Li to

15、ld me the sun rises in the east.练习：1. The radio says it cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything well.(go)3. I hear they (return) it already.4. He said that they members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun in the east. (rise)宾语从句巧记法：宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。1

16、.时态问题时态问题看主句，现在时态可随意。过去时态用过去，客观情况要注意，主过从现要切记。2 .引导词问题引导词，并不难，主句含义最关键。主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。主表疑问不确定，另类词，要使用。从句句意若完整，if/whether不可省。从句若是缺成分，特殊(疑)问词来过问。3 .语序问题还有一项是语序，陈述语序要切记。如何对它来判断，助动莫放主语前重点：1 .从句中的语序为陈述语序；Do you know how old is she?(应改为：how old she is)2 .从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。She didn' t tell me when she w

17、ill come.(应改为： when she would come)3 .转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词+动词不定式替 代，进行句型上的转换。I' ve no idea what we ' re going to do next. = I ' ve no idea what to do next.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?难点：1.宾语从句中的It可运用形式宾语

18、it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I haven ' t been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. I think it no use crying.有些动词带宾语从句时需要

19、在宾语与从句前加itI hate it when they are with their mouths full of food.Please see to it that the door is closed Don't take it for granted that we help you.I would appreciate it if you could help me.(1) .I find important that we practice English every day.A. itB. thisC. thatD. what(2) . You can ' t

20、 imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited2.宾语从句中的虚拟1) suggest,order,insist, propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，sb. (should )do.He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.The teacher suggested th

21、at we (should) clean the blackboard after class.He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.3.wish接虚拟I wish I were you. I wish I hadn't known you. I wish I could go abroad one day.3)在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ." 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语 动

22、词用：(should) +动词原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。巩固练习：()1. Could you show me?A. how can I get to the stationB. where is the stationC. how I c

23、ould get to the stationD. how I can reach the station()2. Please tell me.A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like ()3. My sister told him.A. what day was itB. when the train arrivedC. who she was waitingD. where did you live()4. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go

24、and see.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it is()5. Could you tell me how long?A. you have bought the watchB. you have kept this science bookC. have you been away from ChinaD. have you been a member of Greener China()6. He says that if it tomorrow , he fishing .A.will rain, won't go B.

25、rained, wasn't go C.rains, won't go D.rain, will go()7.The young man asked it's summer or winter.A. ifB. thatC. weatherD. whether()8. We don't know they did it .A. howB. whoC. whatD. which()9. The teacher asks us Jim can come back on time tomorrow .A. thatB. ifC. whenD. what time()10

26、. Does anybody know we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that()11.- Be careful! Don ' t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David? - Yes, MumA. whatB. thatC. whyD. If()12.The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. whichB. whereC. ifD. That( )13.There is not much difference between the two. I really don ' t kno