高考英语阅读理解应试策略On Reading

1、编辑ppt编辑pptSome books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested F. Bacon 编辑ppt 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：考生应能：理解主旨要义理解主旨要义理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义作出简单判断和

2、理解作出简单判断和理解理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构理解作者的意图和态度理解作者的意图和态度 7 7年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求On ReadingOn Reading编辑pptOn ReadingOn Reading1. The word “.” refers to/probably means2. The underlined word “”could best be replaced by3. By saying “”,we mean4. “”,as used in the passage can best be defined as 5. The

3、underlined phrase “”is closet in meaning to.?命命 题题 方方 式式词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型编辑ppt生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?How to guess the meaning of words?On ReadingOn Reading词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型编辑ppt事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, w

4、here, how, why, etc.解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论据论据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中在文章中找到答案。找到答案。On ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt1 Which of the following statement is true?2

5、Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3 The author ( or the passage) states that_.4 According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.) _?命命 题题 方方 式式事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 On ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official , reported to the Earth Pol

6、icy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.According to scientists ,theAccording to scientists ,the DIRECTDIRECT c

7、ause of more and fiercer cause of more and fiercer storms isstorms is . .A. greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsB. higher surface water temperatures of the sea C. continuous global warmingD. rising sea levelsconnecttoExerciseOn ReadingOn Reading编辑pptLaupepa was not satisfied with the U

8、nited States because it did Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not not . .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B. sign an agreementsign an agreement with TuvaluC. allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real Laupepa express

9、ed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away

10、the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.signanagreementExerciseOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt主旨大意型主旨大意型标题标题 （TitleTitle）中心大意中心大意 (Main Idea)(Main Idea)写作目的写作目的 （purposepurpose）常见问题形式有：常见问题形式有：The subject/topic of the article is The subject/topic of the article

11、is Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?What does the passage/author mainly discuss?What does the passage/author mainly discuss?Whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?Whats the mai

12、n point/main idea/central thought of the passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?On ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt标题的特点标题的特点1 1、独特新颖、独特新颖2 2、涵盖性强、涵盖性强3 3、短小精炼、短小精炼What is the best title for this passage?What is the best title fo

13、r this passage?The best headline for this newspaper article is -The best headline for this newspaper article is -寻找寻找主题句主题句或或主题段落主题段落没有主题句的要从全文大意来概括没有主题句的要从全文大意来概括. .解题技巧：解题技巧：常见问题形式有：常见问题形式有：On ReadingOn ReadingTitleTitle编辑pptOn ReadingOn Reading1、主题句出现在开头。、主题句出现在开头。模式：总模式：总 分分 分分（演绎法）即开门见山。（演绎法）即开

14、门见山。 新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。Passage 1The best title for this text would be A. Pets Help Attract CustomersB.Your Favorite Office PetsC. Pets Join the Workforce D. Busy Life for PetsPassage 2 Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work, a move scientists say can be good f

15、or productivity,workplace morale，and the well-being of animals.What would be the best title for the text?A. A Cross-country Trip B. A Special Border PassC. An Unguarded Border D. An Expensive Church VisitMontreal(Reuters)-Crossing the US-Canada border The expensive trip to church was a surprise for

16、Richard Albert CD编辑ppt、主题句出现在结尾。、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分模式：分 分分 总总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。Passage 3What would be the best title for the text?C.Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the

17、 earths space. The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells “moon people” would agree. Would you?D导引摆事实结论导引摆事实结论On ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt3、主题句出现在中间。、主题句出现在中间。模式：分模式：分 总总 分分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行 论述）。论述）。Passage 4What would be the best title for this p

18、assage ?Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer is a bad habitDr.Derek Raghavan advises people to stop smokingWhy did Peter Jennings die of Lung cancer? Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America according to the American Cancer Society. About 160,440 Americans die each year from lung cancer,ac

19、counting for 28 percent of all cancer deaths. More than 87 percent of lungcancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.AOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt4、无主题句。、无主题句。题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。Passage 5Which of the following would be the title for the text

20、?A. Childhood Dream B. A Mothers Love C. A Graduation Party D. A Special BirthdayFacts: my 12th birthday my graduation dance feel loved like the gardenia mothers deathBClue: loveOn ReadingOn Reading编辑pptTypes Of Paragraph StructuresTypes Of Paragraph StructuresTypeThe position of the topicInformatio

21、n wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso, therefore,On ReadingOn Reading编辑pptMain IdeaMain Idea干扰项干扰项 属文中某个具体事实或细节；属文中某个具体事实或细节；属从文中某些属从文中某些 ( (不完全的不完全的) ) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；属非文章事实的主观臆断。属非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案正确答案根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不

22、能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。On ReadingOn Reading编辑pptD e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage IdeaOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt1、 文章目的文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。：跟文章中心归纳一致。常用表达的句式：常用表达的句式：What is the purpose of this article?2、作者的写作目的作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章：是作者写这篇文章 的言外之意。的言外之意。常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式： Whats the authors purpose of

23、writing this article? The author writes this passage in order toPurposePurposeOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt推理判断型推理判断型考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以以原文内容原文内容为前提，为前提，透过现象看本质透过现象看本质领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。小技巧：小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项不选择照抄原文的选项不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项不选非事实选项不选非事实选项选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项On ReadingOn

24、Reading编辑pptThe passage implies (暗示暗示) that_. We can conclude from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?What is the tone (语气语气) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _.命命 题题 方方 式式推理判断型推理判断型编辑ppt1. The writer talked about the w

25、aitress age because he thought_. she was young it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be fri

26、endly with him D. she loved him very muchOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt作者态度、倾向作者态度、倾向作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。常用的表达句式常用的表达句式：The authors attitude towards is Example Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news? All I re

27、ad about is murder, bribery(行贿行贿), and death.Frankly, I am sick of all this bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to AOn ReadingOn Reading编辑pptTipsTips表示贬义：表示贬义：disgust, critical, negative, disappointment表示褒义表示褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm

28、, admiring表示中立表示中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, neutral, humor, disinterestedOn ReadingOn Reading编辑pptThe author appears _ modern advertising. to like B. to be indifferent to A.C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course

29、, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. On ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt Review the exercises Learn

30、 the methods by heart Learn to apply them skillfullyHomeworkHomework编辑pptThank you!Thank you!编辑ppt理解文章基本结构理解文章基本结构说明文的基本结构：说明文的基本结构：Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ExampleComparisonClassificationConclusionOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构 (Argumentation)Top

31、ic(Opinion)Arguments(Supporting sentences)factsexamplestheoryConclusionOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt记叙文的基本结构：（记叙文的基本结构：（Narrative writings) Story PresentationTime cluesInverted time cluesEnding(surprising/humourous way)(account)On ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt夹叙夹议文的基本结构：夹叙夹议文的基本结构：Story presentationConclusiono

32、pinionadvicesignificanceOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt对文章基本结构理解的考查方式：对文章基本结构理解的考查方式：问结构问结构How is the text organized? 05浙江浙江52题题a. TopicArgumentExplanationb. OpinionDiscussionDescriptionc. Main ideacomparisonsupporting examplesd. Introductionsupporting examples-conclusionOn ReadingOn Reading编辑ppt Using wo

33、rd formation （构词法）（构词法）ApproachApproach IntroductionIntroduction编辑ppt With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)编辑pptunconditional:无条件的无条件的, ,绝对的绝对的 adj.adj.condition c

34、onditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n. n. 有条件的有条件的 adj.adj.unconditional:编辑pptnonjudgmental:没有判断力的没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断判断 v.判断判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:编辑ppt er or ian ist eseess 后缀后缀, ,构成可数名词构成可数名词menttionnesssionerying 后缀后缀, ,构成抽象名词构成抽象名词编辑pptdisinmisunnon否定否定前缀前缀recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它其它前

35、缀前缀重复共同,平等小过度超出-后副的使-可能远程,电话的-前编辑pptalbleernfulishivelessylyous形容词后缀形容词后缀enizeify动词后缀动词后缀strengthenrealizesatisfy编辑ppt Using context clues （利用上下文线索）（利用上下文线索）Approach introductionApproach introduction编辑pptSynonymSynonym 2.Doctors believe that smoking is 2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimentalde

36、trimental to to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.有害的有害的 alsoalso1.The new tax law1.The new tax law supersedes,supersedes, or replaces, the law or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.that was in effect last year.Tip 1

37、Tip 1取代取代With the help of words like: or, like, asas, the same as or, like, asas, the same as编辑pptContrastContrast1. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homelyhomely “homely” means “ ”.uglyWith the help of words like: unlike; but, however, while, instead, on the other hand

38、, rather than, unlike; but, however, while, instead, on the other hand, rather than, yet, otherwise, on the contrary.yet, otherwise, on the contrary.UnlikeUnlike handsomehandsomeTip 2Tip 22. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissentdissent, write “No”.3. Inmanynationstherearetwofinancial extremes, f

39、rom penurypenury togreatwealth不同意不同意非常贫穷非常贫穷编辑pptDefinition, ExplanationDefinition, Explanation 通过通过定义定义, ,定语从句定语从句, ,同位语同位语, ,标点符号标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）, ,词或词组词或词组(that is; or; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; such as ; like; for instance)来确定词义来确定词义Tip 3Tip 31.It will be very hard but also

40、 very brittlebrittle - that is , it will break easily. 2. The herdsmanherdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3.We are on the night shiftnight shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.易碎的易碎的牧人牧人夜班夜班编辑pptCause & EffectCause & EffectWith the help of conjunctions like: b

41、ecause, asbecause, as，sincesince，forfor，so so，thusthus，as a resultas a result，thereforetherefore，so thatso that， thus, etc.thus, etc.Tip 4Tip 4- since you are my superior（上级）（上级）, it would be presumptuouspresumptuous of me to tell you what to do . （2005年上海卷）年上海卷） Afull of respect Btoo confident and

42、rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet sincesuperior编辑pptCommon SenseCommon Sense技巧技巧 6 62. The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporatesevaporates， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward “evaporates” means “_”turns into vapour 蒸发 1. Metal expandsexp

43、ands when heated and contractscontracts when cooled.变大，扩大变大，扩大缩小，缩短缩小，缩短编辑ppt1. All his attempts to unlock the door was 1. All his attempts to unlock the door was futilefutile, because , because he was using the wrong key.he was using the wrong key. A. A. 成功的成功的 B. B. 徒劳的徒劳的 C.C.有效的有效的 D. D. 匆促的匆促的2

44、. She didnt hear what you said because she was 2. She didnt hear what you said because she was completelycompletely engrossedengrossed in her readingin her reading. A. A. 心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.B.紧张的紧张的 C. C. 全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.D.睡意浓的睡意浓的3. He is a3. He is a resoluteresolute man. Once he makes up his mind to man. O

45、nce he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway.do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever A. strong B. firm C. kind D. cleverConsolidationConsolidation编辑ppt4. The flowers in the vase4. The flowers in the vase witheredwithered because they had

46、no because they had no water.water. A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dryA. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry5. Just for fun, they decided to try a very5. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitouscircuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.country road inste

47、ad of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight A. direct B. indirect C. straight6. That museum is so6. That museum is so immenseimmense that it will be impossible to that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.see all the exhibits in one day. A. small B. large C.

48、dull A. small B. large C. dullConsolidationConsolidation编辑ppt If you are a recent social graduate who has had to listen about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information

49、Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.Q: By saying that “You may have had the last laugh,” the author means that you may have _. A. shared the jokes with computer majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors. D. stop

50、ped joking about computer majorsadvantages编辑ppt Gossip is a way for people to let you know the limits of social behavior. “If you move into a community and your neighbor tells you how the former homeowner never dealt with his rubbish properly , his gossip is letting you in on something,”says Dr. Ral

51、ph Rosnow of Temple University. A. allowing you to come in for something B. informing you something in a certain field C. telling you to do cleaning first before moving in D. warning you to pay attention to your behavior编辑ppt Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to l

52、eave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. 编辑ppt Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the U