模块五第二单元M5U2grammarandUsage现在分词作形容词与副词

1、Unit 2The environment Grammar and usage什么是定语什么是定语(attributive)?定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。以作定语。Hes a tall man. There are a lot of banana trees on the isl

2、and. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.什么是表语什么是表语(predicative)?表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词、从句来充当，它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词等词)之后。之后。Albert Einstein was

3、 a famous professor of physics. It sounds terrifying. It gets dark. 什么是宾语补足语什么是宾语补足语(object complement)?宾语补足语：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足宾语补足语：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。Im going to paint it pink. I saw the kite up and down. Tom made the girl cry.Can you smell something

4、 burning? 现在分词现在分词现在分词是由现在分词是由“动词原形动词原形+ing”构成，在构成，在功能上具有功能上具有形容词或副词形容词或副词的特点。的特点。现在分词作现在分词作定语定语特点特点1：单个单个现在分词现在分词作定语作定语可表动作正在进行可表动作正在进行A _ manA _ manrunningcrying特点特点2：单个单个动名词动名词作定语可以表示名词的用途作定语可以表示名词的用途洗衣机洗衣机候车室候车室(家庭的家庭的)餐厅餐厅卧铺车卧铺车A washing machineA waiting roomA dining roomA sleeping car/carriage

5、(火车车厢火车车厢)特点特点3：单个现在分词作定语表单个现在分词作定语表 “令人令人的的”encourageAfter hearing the_words, he feels _.encouragingencouragedPuzzleAfter seeing the_ situation, he showed a _ look.puzzlingpuzzledembarrasse _ look embarrassedterrify _ look terrifiedA promising teenager一位一位有前途的有前途的青少年青少年一位一位失踪的失踪的青少年青少年A missing ado

6、lescent特点特点4：现在分词短语表示此动词与逻辑主语是主动关系现在分词短语表示此动词与逻辑主语是主动关系The teacher who teaches us English is Lisa.The teacher _(teach) us English is Lisa.teaching2.The flowers _（smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.如何挖坑如何挖坑 Look over there - theres a very long path _ (lead)

7、up to the house. (2011山东山东) leading1.1.多义词多义词smelling2. 2. 主动表被动主动表被动3.The problem _ (discuss) now has confused students for a couple of days.2. 2. 考查现在分词的被动形式考查现在分词的被动形式being discussed【改错改错】The soup tasted good is made by the consultant.The building painted will be finished at the end of this year.

8、 tastingbeing现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help? （2010湖南）湖南） A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 答案：答案：A解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与与call的主动关系排除的主动关系排除D项。项。hear后接后接不定式作宾补时应省略不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除，由此排除C项。由项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救。可判断此处表示正在求救。高考真高考真题题【改错改错】The boy wa

9、s last seen play by the lake.playing现在分词做状语现在分词做状语(相当于副词相当于副词Adverbial）1. 作时间状语作时间状语 -ing短语短语 _ the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。Hearing_ his letter, I decided to write back. =After I rece

10、ived his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 Having received “主动且表示主从句动作几乎同时发生主动且表示主从句动作几乎同时发生”Asking around, I find my people willing to pay a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the environment.= When _around, I find many people I ask【2012重庆卷重庆卷】_(ask)

11、to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. Having been askedWhile watching television, _. the doorbell ring the doorbell rings we heard the doorbell ring A. we heard the doorbell ringsC1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Ente

12、ring the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （广东（广东2004）Not completingB. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed_ so angry, he couldnt go

13、to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 3. 作条件状语作条件状语_, we will watch a movie.=If time permits, we will watch a movie. 2. 作原因状语作原因状语BeingTime permitting【独立主格结构】独立主格结构由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。Because his mother was ill, he had to stay at home to lo

14、ok after her. = _, he had to stay at home to look after her.His mother being ill4. 作让步状语作让步状语(一般翻译为“although尽管”或“even if即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。)Although _, he didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked hard, he didnt get enough food. his father working hard a. Being fine, we will have the s

15、ports meeting next week. b. If it is fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. c. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.Choose the correct sentence. 5. 作伴随状语作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：They came into the classroom, _. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又

16、笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。singingand laughingThe next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. layingThe factory keeps giving off smoke, making the air dirty.= The factory keeps releasing smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty. 6. 作结果状语作结果状语悬垂结构（即不用考虑从句和主句逻辑关系的悬垂结构（即不用考虑从句和主句逻辑关系的一致性，直接使用）：一致性，直接使用）： Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from/by his appearance, he is somebody.3. English grammar is difficu