牛津高中英语虚拟语气的全部考点和记忆技巧

1、v1.0可编辑可修改虚拟语气的基本内容【开头引入】If如果（如果有两种可能，有可能发生的，不可能发生的。）有可能发生 If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park.不可能发生 虚拟语气，例如，如果我是姚明，。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所以，凡表 示与事实不符的假设，想象，愿望时，需用虚拟语气表达。-、If引导的虚拟（一）If引导的虚拟语气，可用下表表示。从句主句与现在事实相反did/wereWould/could/should/might do与过去事实相反Had doneWould/could/sho

2、uld/might have done与将来时间相反weredoto doWould/could/should/might do例如： 与现在事实相反：If I had wings, I would fly over the sea. If she were rich, she would buy a bigger house.If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk on the earth.与过去事实相反：If You had gone to the party, You would have seen YaoMing.I

3、f you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反：If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting.If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together.If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go skating.（二）if虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had, should, 可把if

4、省略，把 were, had, should 提到主语前面，成为倒装结构。1) If I were you, I would accept the challenges.Were I you, I would accept the challengesD If you had informed me earlier, I wouldn-Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnD If she should be my daughter, I wouldnShould she be my daughter, I wouldnt have signed the c

5、ontract.'t have signed the contract.t allow her to study abroad.t allow her to study abroad.VIP Tips : Were it not for "如果要不是”Had it not been for “如果当时要不是” Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss.要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了一个好的老板。 Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way .当时要不是你

6、，我就迷路了。*如果谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动词的缩略形式。3. If it weren ' t for the expense, I would go broad now.Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.1. Had she worked harder, she(succeed).2. If the lawyer had been here last Saturday, he me from going.(prevent)3. such a disaster, the damage would be incalc

7、ulable.(occur)4. he today, he would get there by Friday. (leave)5. If there were life on Mars, such life forms unable to survive onthe earth.(be)6. -Did you remind him of the meeting-No, if I at home, I would have.(be)7. John went to the hospital alone.If he me about it , I would have gone with him.

8、A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told9. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken10. This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could

9、D. might11. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and moneyA. would have been saved B. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved二、错综时间条件句*注意：考试时会出现一种情况,从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间不一致，被称为“错综时间条件句”，我们要分别根据从句和主句的动作发生的时间对其进行虚拟。例如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be bet

10、ter now.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。 If youhad studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天方便的话，我们就可以把他送到北京去了。Exercises 21. May be if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give youmore help.A. s

11、tudied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying2. Look! If we had begun to do the work yesterday morning, we ourselves justlike them.A. would have enjoyed B. were to enjoyC. should enjoy D. would be enjoying3. If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you so bad now.A. wouldn ' t have felt B

12、. don' t feelC. wouldn ' t be feeling D. aren' t feeling4. If the United States had built more homes for the poor in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts of this country so serious.A. wouldn ' t beB. won' t beC. will not have been D. would not have been三、含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在

13、虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句，而是通过介词短语， 副词，连词替代来代替条件从句。例如：1 .如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help, wecouldn ' t have finished the work ahead oftime.Had it not been for your help,Without/ But for your help 2 .我那天生病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。If I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in th

14、e sports meeting.I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill that day.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.四、特殊句式1.馒头-面条原理用于表示建议，决定，命令等词语后的that-从句用在suggest（建议），insist（ 坚决要求）,order（命令，下令），advise（劝告，忠告）, propose（提议，建议），recommend（劝告，建议）和require（法

15、规要求，规定）等动词之后的 that-宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should ) +动词原形。1. He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.2. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.3. He advised that she (should) wait for a few weeks.4. We proposed that someone neutral (should) take the chair.5. Teachers recommend par

16、ents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.注意：当suggest表示“暗示”，“表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句 不用虚拟语气。1. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.2. The man insisted that he had never stole the money.用在 idea, suggestion, advice, reque

17、st, proposal, demand, order, plan等名词之后的that-表语从句和同位语从句。从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。1. My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.2. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.3. Your advice that she (should) wait till next week is reasonable.4. He ignor

18、ed the neighbor ' s requests that he (should) make less noise.5. My demand is that the information referred in my report (should) be emailed to Mr. Brown without delay. It is suggested/ strange/ important/necessary/ essential/ recommended/ natural/ a pity that +从句。从句的谓语动词用(should ) +动词原形。如果从句动作先

19、发生，则用 should have+过去分词。1. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.2. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.3. It was necessary that he (should) leave immediately.4. It is absolutely essential that all the facts (should) be examined first.5.

20、 It is recommended that the work (should) not be started until all the preparations have been made.注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist 表示“坚持说，力言”之意，后面不用虚拟语气。例如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑 表明他对我们的工作很满意。Th The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个

21、人坚持他没有偷钱。常用必背：1个坚持：insist1个决定：decide2 个命令：order/ command4 个建议：advise/propose/suggest/recommendVIP Tips :虚拟语气在从句中的运用，主要在在上面这些表示建议命令要求等的词汇后面，用should+动词原形。要熟记上面的词汇，同时要掌握这些词汇的名词形式及有的形容词的 形式，在考试时题目有时会故意省略should ,自己要根据这些提示词来判断后面的虚拟语气。Exercises 31. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. (

22、obey)2. I don ' t think it advisable that Tom to the job since he wasexperienced. (assign)3. My suggestion is that the experiment in another way. (do)4. It is of utmost importance that you here on time. (be)5. It was proposed that the matter at the next meeting. (discuss)6. The doctor has given

23、the order that the patient a bath every day.(have)7. It is vital that you our competitor to know our plan. (permit)8. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives intoaccount before starting a new project. (take)9. He did his homework carefully for fear that he.A. made a mistakeB. makes

24、 a mistakeC. make a mistakeD. would make a mistake10. It is decided that he for a bus to meet the guests from Beijing.A. call B. callsC. arrange D.arranged2. wish 引导的宾语从句表示一种不太可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。谓语动词的构成如下:表达意义宾语从句动作wish从句谓语 动词时态examples与现在事实想法的愿望从句动作与wish同时过去时I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in

25、the sky.与过去事实相反的愿望从句动作先于 wish过去完成时I wish I had met that film star yesterday.将来难以实现的愿望从句动作后于 wishCould/would/might+ 动词原形I wish I could go to Braziland watch the WorldCup.句子=how I wish +that 从句注意：此语法规则同样适用于if only+3. would rather +宾语从句如用虚拟语气，其构成为 would rather+动词过去式/过去完成时(从句动作先发生)，意为“我宁愿”1. She will ge

26、t home at dinner time, but I would rater she got homea little earlier.2. He didn ' t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.Exercises 41. They offered this expensive wine, but frankly I ' d rather they(offer) me some beer.2. I wish I able to talk it over with him when he was

27、here last night. (be)3. Look at the terrible situation I amin! Howl wish I your advice. (take)4. Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place. (live)5. Wouldn' t you rather your child bed early (go)6. His wife would rather that they about the matter any more. (nottalk)7. If only

28、the explosion, those people would not have been killed. (happen)8. How I wish it(rain). If it in a few days, thecrops would be saved. (rain)9. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I would ratherhe more on its culture.(focus)3. It is (high) time (that)意为(现在)该，表示提议。从句前无that,

29、谓语动词用过去式。如果有 that,用动词过去式或用should+动词原形。1. It is (high) time you went to school.2. It is (high) time that you went to school.3. It is (high) time that we should start out.if引导的从句as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时发生，从句谓语动词用过去式；先于主句谓语动词，用过去完成式；后于主句谓语动词，用过去将来时。1. He looks as if he were an artist.2. He speaks E

30、nglish so fluently as if he had studied English in America.3. He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.Exercises 51. She was sitting quietly in the garden as if nothing to him. (happen)2. He fought as hard as if his wife in danger. (are)3. It ' s high time you him for his being lat

31、e. (criticize)4. Looking around the small village, he felt as though he from an evildream. (wake)5. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he tired. (never fell)6. It is high time that such a practice an end to. (put)7. Isn ' t it high time we responsibly, with our nation' s future inmind (live)8. Th

32、e tree looked as if it for a long time. ( not water)9. The whole family greet me as if I a member of the family. (be)5.在高考中，情态动词运用在虚拟语气中表示责备和批评语气。表示“过去应该做而未做到”的should (ought to / could/ may/ might)+have done虚拟语气。该结构的否定形式则表示“过去不该做的事情却做了”的意思，是一种委婉的责备。语气最强的是should,语气最弱的是 might 。1 .could have done本能够做而未

33、做/ ought to have done本应该做而未做't have done本不必做而做了have done本可能做而未做rather have done宁愿做过某事6. would ( should) like / love to have done本想做而未具体讲解：1 .表示委婉批评could/ may/ might +have done 结构，常译为“本可以做得更一些“ You are late again. You could have come earlier.你又来晚了，你本应该早一点来的。 You ' ve made a few mistakes. You

34、might have been a little bit more careful.你犯了几个错误，你本应该更细心些。2 .表示强烈责备Should/ ought to have done 结构，常译为“本应该做的更一些，结果” You should have told me earlier that you weren ' t able to come.你本应该早点告诉我你不能来的。（暗示我在这里已经等了很长时间了。 ） You shouldn ' t have failed this time.你这次本不该失败的。（暗示对你这次失败的不满）3.表示本来没有必要needn&#

35、39; t + have+ 过去分词结构，常译为“做了不必要做的事情” You needn' t have told him. He has already known about it.你当时没有必要告诉他，他已经知道了。 It ' s so near. Weneedn' t have taken a taxi.这么近，当时我们没有必要做出租车的。VIP Tips : 情态动词+ have done 表示对过去动作或状态的推测时1. Can / Could + 主语+ have done （疑问句）可能做过某事吗2. Can' t / Couldn '

36、 t have done （否定句）不可能做过某事3. may/ might + have done （ 肯定句） 可能做过某事4. must have done （ 肯定句）一定做过某事高考速递1. （ 2012 浙江,19） Had they known what was coming next, they second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had2. （2012 江苏，35） Happy birthday!Thank you ! It ' s the best pres

37、ent I for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished3. （2012 山东，30） If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldn' t havebeen so successful.A. haven t madeB. wouldnt makeC. must have hadD. hadn' t made4. （2012 安徽，31） Grace doesn ' t want to move t

38、o New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn ' t be able to see his parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live5. （2012,北京，35） Don' t handle the vase as if it made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has been D. had beenKeys: DDDDC虚拟语气练习题1. The guard at the gate insi

39、sted that everybody the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey2. I wish I you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. If he, he that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be war

40、ned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken4. Without electricity human life quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be5. When a pen is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken6. You did not let

41、 me drive. If we in return, you so tired.A. drove; didn ' t B. drove; wouldn' tC. driving; wouldn ' t get D. had driven; wouldn' t have got7. I didn ' t see your uncle at the party. If he, he would have said hello to me.A. would come B. had come C. came D. did come8.1 t for your

42、help, I couldn' t have made any progress.A. Had; not been B. Should; not be C. Did; not be D. Not; be9. Mr Smih was badly ill, or he our dinner party.A. should come to B. would have attended C. would come to D. should have attended10. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suf

43、fer so muchnow.A. lies B. lay C. had laid D. should lie11. What would have happenedA. Bob had walked fatherB. if Bob should walk fatherC. had Bob walked fatherD. if Bob walked father12. Bell remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened13. It

44、 is a pity we can ' t find him. If he here, he us how to do it.A. were; told B. were; would tell C.had been; had told D. had been; told14. If we 200 years old, we everything.A. were to be; could change B. had been; changedC. were; would have changed D. should be; changed15. If your father this, he would be angry.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would know16. your address, I would have written to you.A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know17. The patient insisted that he ill and to the hospital.A. wasn ' t; wasn ' t sent B. wasn