机械制造专业英语词汇

1、机械制造专业英语词(be)qualfied合格abnormalenginenoisediagnosisequipment异响诊断仪abnormaldealing异常处理abnormalknocking异响abrasionwear;scratching磨损abrasivebeltgrindingmachine砂带磨床abrasivebeltgringding砂带磨削abscissa横坐标absolutemotion绝对运动absolutevelocity绝对速度ACarcweldingmachine交流弧焊机acceleration加速度accelerationanalysis加速度分析acce

2、lerationdiagram加速度曲线accidentaldefect事故性缺陷acetatefiberplastics醋酸纤维塑料acetylene乙炔acetylenecylinder乙炔罐acetylenegenerator乙炔发生器acetylene-weldinginstallation乙炔氧焊装置aciddiptank浸酸槽acidrefinedoil酸性精炼油acidity酸度acid-prrofcoating耐酸涂料acknowledgedruleoftechnology公认的技术规则acmethreadform梯形螺纹acrylonitrile-butadiene-styr

3、enepolymerABS共聚体activeplate活动板actuatingcable控制电缆addlubricatingoil加润滑油addendum齿顶高addendumcircle齿顶圆additiontostandard标准补充件additionalelement附加要素additonagent添加剂adhesion粘附actuallineofaction实际啮合线adjustablespeedmotors调速电动机adjusting调整administration/generalaffairsdept总务部administration/generalaffairsdept总务部ad

4、misinstrativeregulationforadoptinginternatinalstandards采用国际标准管理办法admisistrationofvehicleamintenance汽车维修管理admisistrativestandard管理标准adoptingbyequation等同采用adoptingbyequivalent等效采用adoptingbyreference参照采用adoptionofinternationalstandardandadvancedoverseastandard采用国际标准和国外先进标准advance-toreturn-timeratio急回系数

5、advance-toreturn-timeratio行程速比系数advisoryserviceofstandardinformation标准情报咨询服务afterdripping（柴油喷射系）渗漏滴油ageing老化空气断路器aimsofstandardization标准化的目的aircircuitbreakerairdry自然干燥airjarringmouldingmachine气动震实造型机airpipe气管airseal气幕airspraygun空气喷枪airspring空气弹簧airterminal航空集散站airtool风动工具air-conditioningequipment车厢空

6、调设备air-cushioneject-rod气垫顶杆airlesssprayequipment无空气喷涂设备alcohol乙醇alcoholcontainer沾湿台alcoholssolvent醇类溶剂aligning校正alkalidipping脱脂alkali-earthbabbitt碱土巴氏合金alkalinedegreasing碱法脱脂alkalineetch龄咬allowableamountofunbalance许用不平衡量allowablepressureangle许用压力角allowablestress;permissiblestress许用应力alloycastiron合金铸

7、铁alloystructurealsteel合金结构钢alloytoolsteel合金工具钢alternationswitch转换开关alumel铝镍合金aluminiedsteelsheet渗铝钢板aluminiumbronze铝青铜aluminizing渗铝aluminumpowderpaint铝粉漆（银色漆）amendeddraft修正草案amendmenttostandard标准修改件aminoplastics氨基塑料amino-filler氨基腻子amountofunbalance不平衡量amplitudeofvibration振幅analog-modedevice类模器analys

8、isofmechanism机构分析analyticaldesign解析设计analyticalmethod分析法angleofcontact包角angularacceleration角加速度angularcontactballbearing角接触球轴承angularcontactbearing角接触轴承angularcontactradialbearing角接触向心轴承angularcontactthrustbearing角接触推力轴承aluminiumcastingalloy铸造铝合金angularvelocity角速度angularvelocityratio角速比anionelectrop

9、horeticcoating阴离子型电泳涂料anneal退火annealing退火annealingbox退火箱annealingfurnace退火炉annealingoven退火炉annex附录annularballbaring径向球轴承annularspring环形弹簧anodemechanicalworking阳极机械加工Anodize阳性处理anolyte阳极电解液anticorrosivebimetal耐蚀双金属anticorrosivepaint防蚀漆anti-foamingadditive防泡沫添加剂antifoamingagent消泡剂antifoulingpaint(copp

10、erpaint)防污漆anti-freezeadditive防冻添加剂antifrictionalloy减摩合金antifrictionalloy减摩合金antifrictionbearng减摩轴承anti-frictionquality减摩性anti-knockcompound抗爆剂antirustpaint防锈漆anti-tarnishtreatment抗暗处理aperiodicspeedfluctuation非周期性速度波动appendeddescriptionofstandard标准附加说明applicationfactor工况系数appliedforce作用力approvedby核准

11、approvedby/checkedby/preparedby核准/审核/承办aquaregia王水arcweldingmachine电弧焊机Archimedesworm阿基米德蜗杆archivesofstandardization标准化档案Arctan反正切argonarcwelding氩弧焊argonwelding氩焊arm臂部armaturetester电枢试验器通道式公共汽车artery干线articulatedbusarticulatedtrollybus通道式无轨电车artificialdrying人工干燥artificialgasoline人造汽油artificialleathe

12、r人造胶革artificialresin人造树胶artificialwool人造羊毛asbestos石棉asbestosband石棉带asbestosboard石棉板asbestosfiber石棉纤维asbestoslinen石棉布asbestospaper石棉纸asbestossteelleaf石棉钢片asbestosweb石棉织物as-depositedstrength焊后强度aseptic防腐剂assemblingclearance装配间隙assembly组装assemblycondition装配条件Assemblyline组装线Assemblyline组装线assistantmanag

13、er助理assistantmanager助理as-welded焊态atlas图册、图谱atomospherequalitystandard大气质量标准attendantseat乘务员座椅augularoffset角度偏差ausforming形变热处理austenite奥氏体authority权力机构autoclino自动壳型机automaticboxsplitter自动分箱机automaticcloser自动合箱机automaticcompensatingdeviceforboringcutterwear镗刀磨损自动补偿装置automaticgascutting自动气割automatichea

14、dstockchangingN/Cmachine自动更换主轴箱数控机床automaticinspectionmachineforpistonringtension活塞环弹性自动检验机automaticinstructioncallingdevice自动指令呼叫装置automaticlineforweightingconnectingrod连杆称重去重自动线automaticmouldingproductiolineofrcylinderblock缸体自动造型生产线automaticmulti-stagecoldfromer多工位自动冷镦机automaticplatingmachine自动电镀装

15、置automaticproductionlineforautomobilefinaldrivehousing汽车主减速器壳加工自动线automaticproductionlineforconnectingrod连杆加工自动线automaticproductionlineforcylinderblock气缸体加工自动线automaticproductionlineforcylinderhead气缸盖加工自动线automaticproductionlineforgascarburization气体渗碳自动线automaticscrewdriver电动启子automaticscrewdriver电动

16、启子automaticsprayer自动喷漆机automaticticketchecker自动检票机automatictoolchangingN/Cmachine自动换刀数控机床automaticwelding自动焊接automation自动化automation自动化automobiletransportationenterprise汽车运输企业automotivealcquer汽车用喷漆automotiveenamel汽车漆automotivetopcoat汽车面漆auxiliaryfuction辅助功能availablematerial良品可使用averagedaysduringmajo

17、rrepairofvehicles汽车大修平均在修车日averagedaysinplantduringmajorofvehicles汽车大修平均在厂车日averageintervalmileageofmajorrepairofvehicles汽车大修间隔里程averagemain-hoursofvehiclemaintenanceandrepair汽车维修平均工时averagestress平均应力averagetonnage(passengerseat)平均吨(客)位averagevelocity平均速度avional铝合金axialcontactbearing轴向接触轴承axialdirec

18、tion轴向axialinternalclearance轴向游隙axialload轴向载荷axialloadfactor轴向载荷系数axialplane轴向平面axialthrustload轴向分力axialtoothprofile轴向齿廓axlestand轮轴架babbitmetal巴氏合金backcone背锥backconeangle背锥角backconedistance背锥距backfire回火backflow回流backlash侧隙backlash齿侧间隙backlash间隙back-to-backarrangement背对背安装badconditionofvehicle汽车不良状况b

19、affleplate挡块bainite贝氏体bakelite胶木（电木）bakingpaint烘漆balance平衡balanceofmachinery机械平衡balanceofmechanism机构平衡balanceofrotor转子平衡balanceofrotors回转体平衡balanceofshakingforce惯性力平衡balancingcenteringmachine平衡-钻中心孔机床balancingmachine平衡机balancingmass平衡质量balancingquality平衡品质balancingspeed平衡转速balata巴拉塔树胶balataspring橡胶弹

20、簧ball球ballbearing球轴承ballbearing球轴承ballscrew滚珠丝杆bandbrake带式制动器band-aid创可贴barstockcuttingbypunching冲压下料barcode条码barcode条码barcode条码barcodescanner条码扫描器barcodescanner条码扫描器barrel(cylindric)cam圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrelplating滚镀bar-typecylindergauge杆式气缸量规basecircle基圆basecone基圆锥basecylinder基圆柱basepitch基圆齿距basicdynam

21、icaxialloadrating轴向基本额定动载荷basicdynamicradialloadrating径向基本额定动载荷basicinternationalstandard基础国际标准basicratinglife基本额定寿命basicstandard基础标准basicstaticaxialloadrating轴向基本额定静载荷basicstaticradialloadtating径向基本额定静载荷basicterms基本术语basket蝴蝶竺batchfurnace分批炉batteryhydrometer蓄电池液体比累计batterywelder蓄电池式焊机beputinstorage

22、入库beputinstorage入库beacon警示灯bead焊道beadcracking焊道裂纹beadwelding堆焊beadingstress弯曲应力bearing轴承bearingalloy轴承合金bearingblock轴承座bearingborediameter轴承内径bearingbush轴瓦、轴承衬bearingcap轴承盖bearingcapacity承载能力bearingcapacityfactor承载量系数bearingclearance轴承间隙bearingcone轴承内圈bearingcup轴承盖bearingcup轴承外圈bearingheight轴承高度bear

23、inglife轴承寿命bearingmetal轴承合金bearingoutsidediameter轴承外径bearingrace轴承座圈bearingring轴承套圈bearingsaddle轴承座bearingscore拉瓦bearingshell轴瓦bearingshim轴承垫片bearingsteel轴承钢bearingwidth轴承宽度beeswax蜂蜡behindschedule晚点bellevillespring碟形弹簧beltdriving带传动beltpulley带轮bender弯曲机bending die 压弯模bendingmoment弯矩bendingpress压弯机be

24、nding-beadingdie压弯压筋模bending-curlingdie压弯卷圆模bending-flangingdie压弯翻边模berylliumbronze铍青铜bevelgear锥齿轮bevelgears圆锥齿轮机构bevelpulley;bevelwheel锥轮bezel斜视规bezelpanel面板bezelpanel面板bibliography文献书目bilaterallyharmonizedstandard双边协调标准biliographicalreference书目参考目录bimetalstripfromtin-aluminiumalloy高锡铝合金双金属带binder粘

25、合剂bisector平分线bituminouspaint沥青漆blackbox黑箱blackwasher黑皮垫圈blacksmithwelding锻焊blank齿轮轮坯blank轮坯blank制坯blanker落料机blanking穿落模blankingdie落料模blanking-coiningdie落料压印模blanking-slottingdie落料切槽模blendsolvent溶合溶剂blinster气泡blockdiagram框图blockhammer落锤blow-by串气blow-bymeter曲轴箱窜气量测定仪blower鼓风机blueing发蓝处理blush导色board看板b

26、odybumpingtool车身修整工具bodyguidancemechanism刚体导引机构bodyofanormativedocument一个标准文件的主体boldline粗线bolt螺栓bolt螺栓bolt螺栓bolts螺栓bonegum骨胶booth喷漆室boring镗boring镗削boringhole镗孔boronsteel硼钢boronizing渗硼bottomclearance顶隙bottomdie(counterdie)下模boundarydimension外形尺寸boxfurnace(mufflefurnace)马弗炉box molding machine 有箱造型机box

27、ing环焊bracket小磁导brake制动器brakebleeder制动系空气排除器brakedepresor制动踏板压下器brakedrumlathe制动鼓车床brakefade制动失效brakeflusher制动液自动更换装置brakeshoegrinder制动蹄片磨削装置branch支线branchline岔线brass黄铜brazingbyflame火焰钎焊breakdown断裂bridgetypebakingoven桥式烘干室brightcoating光亮镀层brightwasher光垫圈brightener光亮剂brittleness脆性broaching拉削broachingg

28、ear拉齿bronze青铜bulkgoods散装货物burnrubber轮胎烧耗burning烧伤burnishing磨光（抛光0burnishing抛光burr（金属）毛边flash（塑件）毛边busbay港湾式车站busprioritysytem公共汽车busprioritysytem公共汽车优先通行系统busshelter候车亭bushingblock衬套businesslawandregulation企业法规buttresistancewelding电阻对焊buttseamwelding滚对焊buttwelding对接焊buttressthreadform锯齿形螺纹buzzle蜂鸣器b

29、uzzle蜂鸣器cabin客舱cablebracket电缆托架cadmiumbronze镉青铜cage保持架calciumcarbide电石calculatedbendingmoment计算弯矩cam凸轮cam,cammechanism凸轮机构camblock滑块camdriver铡楔camprofile实际廓线camprofile凸轮廓线camwithoscillatingfollower摆动从动件凸轮机构cambergauge外倾测量器camphor樟脑camsahftcopinglathe凸轮轴仿形车床camshaftgrindingmachine凸轮轴磨床camshaftpolishi

30、ngmachine凸轮轴超精磨机床camshaftpolishingmachine凸轮轴抛光机床camshaft(journal)turninglathe凸轮轴(轴颈)车床cantileverbeam悬臂梁cantileverstructure悬臂结构capability能力carrow车列carstand(jackstand)汽车架carbidetowatergenerator投入式乙发生器carbonarcwelding碳弧焊carbonelectrode碳极carbonfouling(火花塞)积碳carbonstructurealsteel普通碳素结构钢carbontoolsteel碳素

31、工具钢carbon-fiberreinforcedplastics碳纤维增强塑料carbonitriding(cyaniding)碳氮共渗(氰化)carbonization碳化carburetoricing化油器结冰carburizing渗碳carburizingalloysteel渗碳合金钢carburizingcarbonsteel渗碳碳素钢carburizingfurnace渗碳炉cardofgoods货卡carriage车厢Cartesiancoordinatemanipulator直角坐标操作器carton纸箱carton纸箱cartonbox纸箱cascadespeedcontro

32、l串级调速case-baseddesign,CBD基于实例设计气体汽油cashfare普通票casingheadgasolinecastbronze锻造青铜castiron铸铁caststeel铸钢catalog目录cathodeshiedl阴极罩catholyte阴极电解液catingmachine浇注机cationelectrophoreticcoating阳离子型电泳涂料causeanalysis原因分析causedescription原因说明cavitation穴蚀cellophane赛璐酚celluloid赛璐珞celluloseacetate醋酸纤维（脂）cementgum胶泥ce

33、mentite渗碳体centerdistance中心距centerdistancechange中心距变动centerofmass质心centerofpressure压力中心centerlessgrinding无心磨削centralgear中心轮centralizedtransportation集中运输centrifugalforce离心力centrifugalforce向心力centrifugalseal离心密封centrifugalstress离心应力cetanenumber十六烷值chain链chain链条chain链条槽chaindottedline点划线chaingearing链传动装

34、置chamfer倒角chamois麂皮changegearchangewheel变速齿轮characterdie字模characteristics特性charteredvehicle包车chassis底座chassis基座chassis基座chassisdynamometer底盘测功机chassislubricator底盘润滑机checknut锁紧螺母checkedby初审check-up技术检查chemical-heattreatment化学热处理chemicalmechanicalworking化学机械加工chemicalvaporousdepositon化学气相沉积法chemicalwe

35、ar化学磨损chilledcastrion冷激铸铁chloroprenerubber氯丁橡胶Chromate铬酸处理chromebronze铬青铜chromel铬镍合金chuckforgrindingholeandendfaceofbevelgear磨圆锥齿轮孔和端面用的卡盘circuitbreakercabinet断路器柜circularbendingdie压圆模circulargear圆形齿轮circularpitch齿距circularpitch;pitchofteeth节距circularthickness圆弧齿厚circulatingpowerload循环功率流circulation

36、周转citymonthlyticket市区月票citypassengerflow市区客流citytransposrtation市区运输classofvehiclemaintenance汽车维护类别classofvehiclerepair汽车修理类别classification整理classificationofstandardsdocument.标准文献分类cleaner清洗剂cleaningcloth抹布cleaningcloth抹布cleanness清扫clearance径向间隙clockwise顺时针cloggedfilter滤清器阻塞closetypesocketjoint封闭式插接c

37、losedchainmechanism闭链机构closedkinematicchain闭式链cloudpoint浊点clubcar高尔夫球车clutch离合器clutchexplosion离合器炸裂coarsethread粗牙螺纹coatingforprotectionagainstcorrosion防腐镀层codefopractice实施规则coefficientofavailabilityofvehicle车辆完好率coefficient of friction摩擦系数coefficientofspeedfluctuation机械运转不均匀系数coefficientofspeedfluct

38、uation速度不均匀（波动）系数coefficientoftravelspeedvariation行程速度变化系数coefficientofutilizationofautomobile出车率coefficientofutilizationofton-kilometers吨公里利用系数coefficientofvelocityfluctuation运转不均匀系数coilstock卷料coincidentpoints重合点coiningpress精压机coiningpress精压机coke-firedfurnace焦碳炉coldbrittleness冷脆性colddraw冷拉colddrawi

39、nglowcarbonseamlesssteeltube冷拔低碳无缝钢管colddrawingspringsteel冷拉弹簧钢coldextruding冷挤压coldforging冷锻coldforgingdie冷锻模coldpressurewelding冷压焊coldrinsebank冷水槽coldrolledthinsteelsheet冷轧薄钢板coldrollingkilledsteelsheet镇静钢冷轧钢板coldrollingrimmedsteelsheet沸腾钢冷钆钢板coldrunning-in冷磨合coldslug冷块coldtreatment冷处理coldtrim冷切边标准

40、文献收集collapseofpistonskirt活塞裙部挤扁collectionofstandarddecumnetscombinationinparallel并联式组合combinationinseries串联式组合combinatonpliers鲤鱼钳combinedefficiency;overallefficiency总效率combinedmechanism组合机构combinedmechanism组合机构combinedstress复合应力combusionteste燃烧分析仪combustionteste燃烧(废气)分析仪commercialbronze工业用铜commonape

41、xofcone锥顶commonequipment常用设备commonequipment常用设备commongoods普通货物commonnormalline公法线commuter月票乘客companystandard(enterprisestandard)企业标准comparablestandard可比标准compensation补偿compensationfare补票complementarystandard补充性标准completeannealing完全退火completefailure完全故障completepenetration焊透complexmechanism复杂机构complex

42、steelsheetwithchromatezinc铬酸锌复合钢板compositetoothform组合齿形compound(orcombined)geartrain复合轮系compoundcombining复合式组合compounddie合模compounddie合模compoundflatbelt复合平带compoundgeartrain混合轮系compoundhinge复合铰链Compoundscrewmechanism复式螺旋机构compressedgas压缩煤气compressionstrength抗压强度compressivestress压应力compressoncoilspri

43、ng压缩螺旋弹簧compressor压缩机compressoroil压缩机机油computeraideddesign,CAD计算机辅助设计computeraidedmanufacturing,CAM计算机辅助制造computerintegratedmanufacturingsystem,CIMS计算机集成制造系统concave凸concavity凹面、凹度ConcealInstall暗装conceptdesign,CD方案设计、概念设计conclusion结论concurreddesign,CD并行设计concurrentengineering并行工程condensertester电容器试验器

44、conditionofself-locking自锁条件conductionofheat导热性coneangle圆锥角conedistance锥距cone-wormmillingmachine球面蜗杆铣床conicalrollerbearing圆锥形滚子轴承conicalspring锥形弹簧conjugatecam共轭凸轮conjugateprofiles共轭齿廓conjugateyokeradialcam等径凸轮connectingrodalignmentfixture连杆矫正器connectingrod,coupler连杆connectionbox接线盒connectiontest检查接线c

45、onoidhelical-coilcompressionspring圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conservation清洁constantan康铜constant-breadthcam等宽凸轮constant-velocity(ordouble)universaljoint双万向联轴节constitutionofmechanism机构组成constitutionofstandard标准的构成constrainingforce约束反力constraint约束constraintcondition约束条件consumption消耗contactpoints啮合点contactratio重合度contacts

46、eal接触式密封contactstress接触应力containertransport集装箱运输content目次contentofnormativedocument标准文件的内容continousfurnace连续炉continuousbroaching连续拉削controlcenter调度中心controlpanel控制屏controlstation调度站Controlswitches控制开关conventionalmechanism;mechanismincommonuse常用机构convex凹convex凸的，凸面体convexroller球面滚子Conveyer流水线物料板Conve

47、yer流水线物料板coolant冷却液coordinate座标coordinateframe坐标系copper紫铜Coppercorepowercable铜芯电力电缆copygrindingmahcine靠模磨床copylathe仿形车床cork软木correctingplane平衡平面correctingplane校正平面corrigenda勘误表corrosioninhibitor搞腐蚀剂corrosionresistance耐腐蚀性corrosionresistingcastiron耐蚀铸铁corrosionwear腐蚀性磨损cosineacceleration(orsimpleharm

48、onic)motion余弦加速度运动cosmeticdefect外观不良cosmeticinspect外观检查cosmeticinspect外观检查cost成本costoflabor人工费coulometer库仑计countersinking锪孔counterclockwise(oranticlockwise)逆时针counterweight平衡重couple力偶coupler-curve连杆曲线couplingshaftcoupling联轴器coverplate盖板coveredarcwelding手工电弧焊coveringpower深镀能力crank曲柄crankanglebetweene

49、xtreme(orlimiting)positions极位夹角crankarm,planetcarrier系杆crankpress曲轴压力机crankshaft曲柄轴crankshaft曲轴crankshaper(guide-bar)mechanism曲柄导杆机构crank-rockermechanism曲柄摇杆机构cranksahftjournalgrindingmachine曲轴主轴颈磨床crankshaft(mainjournalturninglathe)曲轴(主轴颈)车床crankshaftdynamicbalancingmachine曲轴动平衡机crankshaftgrindingm

50、achine曲轴磨床crankshaftjournalfacehardeningmachine曲轴轴颈表面淬火机床crankshaftjournalmillingmachine曲轴轴颈铣削专用机床crankshaftpolishingmachine曲轴轴颈抛光机床crankshaftsuperfinishingmachine曲轴超精磨机床crankshaftturninglathe曲轴车床creationdesign创新设计creponfinish皱纹漆crimppaper瓦楞纸criticaldefect极严重缺陷criticalfailure致命故障criticalpoint临界点crit

51、icalspeed临界转速crossgrinding端面磨削crossweld横向焊缝cross-beltdrive交叉带传动crossedhelicalgears交错轴斜齿轮crossover交叉器cross-shapedjoint十字接头crowngear冠轮crownshaving剃鼓形齿crusher破碎机cryptometer遮盖力测定仪crystallizationpoint结晶温度CSBSyearbook中国标准化年鉴cstbimetal铸造双金属culture教养cupola(cupolafurnace)冲天炉curbwindow安全监视窗curling卷边CurrentbyP

52、hase每相电流currentrepairofvehicle汽车小修curvature曲率curvematching曲线拼接curved-shoefollower曲面从动件curve-toothbevelgearmilling弧齿锥齿轮铣刀盘刃curve-toothbevelgearmillingmachine弧齿锥齿轮铣齿机curvilinearmotion曲线运动cushion缓冲cut-off(shear-out)切口cutter刀具cuttergrindingmachine工具磨床cuttingmachine切割机cutting-outpress切断压力机cyaniding氰化cycl

53、e周波cycleofmotion运动周期cycloidalgear摆线齿轮cycloidalmotion摆线运动规律cycloidaltoothprofile摆线齿形cycloidal-pinwheel摆线针轮cylinderblockbroachingmachine气缸体专用拉床cylinderblocksidebroachingmachine气缸体侧拉床cylinderboringmachine镗缸机cylindercompressiongauge气缸压力表cylinderhoningmachine气缸珩磨机cylinderleaktester气缸漏气率检验仪cylinderperpend

54、icularitygauge气缸孔垂直检验仪cylinderpressuregauge气缸压力表cylinderscore拉缸cylindersticking咬缸cylindricpair圆柱副cylindricalcam圆柱凸轮cylindricalcoordinatemanipulator圆柱坐标操作器cylindricalgrinding外圆磨削cylindricalroller圆柱滚子cylindricalrollerbearing圆柱滚子轴承cylindricalworm圆柱蜗杆cylindroidhelical-coilcompressionspring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroidhelical-coilextensionspring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroidhelical-coiltorsionspring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧D.Ctractionsubstation直流牵引变电站D.I.rinse纯水次dailysevice每日保养damage损坏dateofstandardimplementation标准实施日期datedrefer