东亚经济一体化与中澳自由贸易协定

1、东亚经济一体化与中澳自由贸易协定 Table of ContentsAcknowledgements.i 论文摘要. ii Abstract iii Abbreviations.iv Chapter 1 Introduction1 1.1 Introducing the Issue1 1.2 Reviewing the Literature.2 1.3 Methodology and Objectives of the Study4 Chapter 2 The Worldwide Economic Regrouping .52.1 EU and NAFTA: The Rise of Regio

2、nalism .52.2 ASEAN: The Emergence of East Asian Regionalism.82.3 ASEAN+3 and East Asian Economic Integration11 Chapter 3 Chinese and Australian Approaches towards East Asian Economic Integration.163.1 An East Asian FTA: Chinas Objective.163.2 Australias Engagement and Involvement Approach.23 Chapter

3、 4 China-Australia FTA.304.1 Bilateral Trade and Economic Relations.304.2 China-Australia FTA.324.3 Reinforcement or Competition for East Asian Economic Integration35 Chapter 5 Concluding Observations42 Bibliography45 AcknowledgementsI would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor Hou Minyu

4、e, my supervisor, for his inspiring guidance and help during my three years of graduate study at East China Normal University ECNU. I am particularly grateful for his continuous encouragement and valuable suggestions without which the completion of this thesis would have been impossible I am greatly

5、 indebted as well to Professor Chen Hong for his generous assistance and advice during my study at the Australian Studies Centre in ECNUMy gratitude is also extended to Professor John Fitzgerald and his colleagues at Asian Studies Program, La Trobe University in Melbourne, who provided me with the p

6、recious opportunity to go to Australia and get the first-hand materials for this study My acknowledgement has to go to all the teachers in the English Department of ECNU. Their precious lectures and instructions will constitute my intellectual assets for future studyFinally, I would like to extend t

7、hanks to my family and friends who have been encouraging me. It was my parents support and blessings as well as friends constant encouragement that helped with the completion of the thesisi论文摘要始于二十世纪末期,区域经济一体化这一经济合作模式在欧盟的发展示范下,在世界各地区逐渐流行。九十年代初,北美地区建立了世界上最大的自由贸易区。而东亚地区则在东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN)与中日韩三国的 10+3合作框架

8、下逐步趋向融合。同时,由于世界贸易组织在解决贸易壁垒这一问题上无法取得突破,自由贸易协定(FTA)这一更为灵活的区域双边和多边合作机制开始迅速发展。中澳 FTA是中国第一个较重要的与发达国家间的自由贸易协定,因此具有重大意义。 本论文从一个全新的视角出发,将两方面相结合,着力于分析在全球经济与东亚经济一体化进程这一背景下,中国与澳大利亚所采取的不同态度与处理方式,探讨正在进行中的中澳自由贸易协定谈判之意义,并回答这一问题:双边的自由贸易对于多边的区域经济整合构成一种互补的还是竞争的关系。关键词:东亚经济一体化10 + 3中澳关系 中澳自由贸易协定iiAbstractSince the late

9、 1990s, inspired and impelled by the success of the European Union, regional economic integration gained momentum in various parts of the world, resulting in North America forging the largest free trade area and East Asia accelerating its integration under the structure of ASEAN+3 ASEAN-10 + China,

10、Japan and Korea. Meanwhile, due to the inefficiency of World Trade Organization in dealing with the liberalization of trade and investment and non-tariff barriers, Free Trade Agreement FTA began to develop as a supplementing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanism in different regions of th

11、e world. As Chinas first FTA with one of the major developed economies in Asia Pacific, China-Australia FTA thus bears even greater significanceThe dissertation aims to start off from a new perspective by combining the regional and bilateral aspects to analyze the role of China-Australia FTA in the

12、process of East Asian economic integration. Through the examination on the respective attitudes and approaches adopted by China and Australia as well as the influence of the on-going free trade negotiations on both nations, this paper is intended to address the question whether the bilateral economi

13、c arrangement, namely, China-Australia FTA, is reinforcement or competition for the regional multilateral economic integration Key words: East Asian economic integrationASEAN+3China-Australia relationsChina-Australia FTAiiiAbbreviationsABC: Australian Broadcasting Corporation AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade

14、Area APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APO/ASEAN+1: ASEAN Plus One APT/ASEAN+3: ASEAN Plus Three ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations CER: Closer Economic Relations between Australia and New Zealand DFAT: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australia EAEC: East Asia Economic Caucu

15、s EAEG: East Asia Economic Group EAFTA: East Asia Free Trade Area EASG: East Asia Study Group EAVG: East Asia Vision Group EC: European Community ECSC: European Coal and Steel Community EEC: European Economic Community EU: European Union EURATOM: European Atomic Community FTA: Free Trade Agreement L

16、NG: Liquefied Natural Gas NAFTA: North America Free Trade Area NPC: National Peoples Congress RTA: Regional Trade Agreement US: the United States of America WTO: World Trade Organizationiv Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Introducing the IssueThe worlds economic and political configuration has gone through

17、 notable changes in the twentieth century, with the concept “regionalism” gradually prevailing in many areas. When economic regionalism is seen to be on the increase in Europe and America, East Asia has to follow suit, hence the emergence and growth of an East Asian identity and accelerating coopera

18、tion among East Asian economies since the 1997-98 East Asian Financial Crisis. However, East Asian economic integration has encountered much difficulty as a consequence of the complexity of relations in this region. In such circumstances, bilateral FTAs are expected to assist the integration process

19、Chiefly because of the deficiency of the WTO in dealing with trade barriers, FTA, a new regional cooperative mechanism which is more convenient and more rewarding to FTA member economies, begins to develop quickly. China is slow in this aspect compared with the US and EU, but China is now working ha

20、rd to catch up, trying not to be left out in the new economic regrouping process. From the Chinese vantage point, a free trade relationship with Australia carries special significance in that it will be the first FTA between China and an important developed country. Therefore, it has been given incr

21、easing attention in both countries. Since the diplomatic normalization between Australia and China in 1972, their bilateral trade has experienced stable and dramatic rise, resulting in the successful completion of a bilateral FTA feasibility study and the commencement of FTA negotiations in April, 2

22、005, which has yielded added momentum and new dynamics to their economic tiesChina-Australia FTA is now seen by some commentators in both nations as a possibility for bringing positive impacts on the ongoing regional multilateral 1economic regrouping and integration in which Canberra expects to part

23、icipate, without, however, insightful examination of this positive role. While admitting that the proposed bilateral FTA has greatly added weight to the economic component of their dyad, conferring on it the kind of profile and prominence it did not previously possess, this dissertation aims to make

24、 a systematic study to interpret a number of key elements shaping the regional as well as the bilateral relations to answer the question whether and how the bilateral FTA and the East Asian regionalism are complementary or in competition. An investigation into the impact of the bilateral FTA on Chin

25、as and Australias respective approaches towards the economic regrouping in the broader Asia Pacific region will also constitute an important part of this dissertation 1.2 Reviewing the LiteratureAs FTA and regionalism are comparatively new terms that only came into existence in the second half of th

26、e twentieth century, the relevant publications and materials focusing on these issues are therefore far from abundant. Yet among these limited resources, there are a number of research and publications devoted to China-Australia FTA and East Asian regionalismAs regionalization is now a hot issue in

27、academic circles, literature on this theme is relatively sufficient. After the concept of an East Asia community was put forward, a large number of articles on East Asian regional economic integration have been published in such academic journals as World Economy Study, Asia Pacific Economic Review,

28、 and International Economic Cooperation. Monographs on East Asian cooperation also come out in recent years. East Asian Cooperation: Searching for an Integrated Approach, which was published in 2004, and edited by Zhang Yunling, Professor and Director of Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Chinese Ac

29、ademy of Social Sciences, focuses on this particular issue. On the Australian side, increasing attention to the ongoing East Asian integration has produced a succession of articles and publications concerning the issue, such as New Asian Regionalism: Responses to 2Globalisation and Crises edited by

30、Tran Van Hoa and Charles Harvie, East Asian Trade and Financial Integration by Peter Drysdale and Kenichi Ishigaki, and so onDifferent perspectives and viewpoints from these scholars prove to be of great value to the completion of the dissertation In contrast, currently under negotiation, China-Aust

31、ralia FTA has been mostly in continuous news reports covering its gradual progress, from the initial feasibility study to the current negotiations, which helps to shed some light on the researchMeanwhile, media releases and speeches from top government officials concerning the issue prove to be a us

32、eful source of information, too. Conferences hosted by official organizations in both nations constitute another important inspiration for this work. As for academic circles, publications focusing on this particular area have been rare since most Chinese and Australian scholars touch upon this bilat

33、eral FTA in a broader frame of bilateral relations. Yet literature on bilateral relations and FTAs between other nations provides enlightenment in understanding China-Australia FTA in a broader context. Theories and methodologies in the literature are applied in this study owing to the similarities

34、in the cases of different countriesHowever, there have been few books or papers combining the two themes and concentrating on the study of the relationship between China-Australia FTA and East Asian regionalization. This is a new perspective in the studies of China-Australia relations and the relati

35、onship between Australia and East Asia. This study is intended to expound, along with the authors own understanding and analysis of the issues to be addressed, the China-Australia FTA against the broad background of East Asian economic integration as well as the possible interactive relations betwee

36、n the two. It may be the first of its kind in China to deal exclusively with the interplay between the China-Australia FTA and the East Asian regionalism31.3 Methodology and Objectives of the StudySince the study of China-Australia FTA and East Asian regionalization falls into the category of region

37、al economic integration, the theory of regional economic integration will be adopted to explore the theme. This dissertation will start from the analysis of the global economic regrouping tide through such models as the EU and NAFTA, and then go on to examine the development of regionalism in East A

38、sia, focusing on the growth of the ASEAN and the various cooperation mechanisms in the East Asian area. With the integration of the East Asian region as the background, the thesis then elaborates on the respective attitudes and strategies adopted by China and Australia. After a comprehensive explora

39、tion in the origin and development of China-Australia FTA, the author tries to see into the role played by China-Australia FTA in the East Asian economic integration process and thus answers one of the key questions designed to be addressed in the study: whether China-Australia FTA is reinforcement

40、or competition for the East Asian economic integrationThrough the review of the evolution of international configuration and the progress going on in the Asia Pacific rim, the study aims to contribute to the existing research by providing the authors viewpoints from a fresh perspective. By probing i

41、nto different attitudes and strategies taken by China and Australia towards the ongoing integration process in East Asia, the dissertation attempts to present the deep-rooted causes and considerations behind the China-Australia FTA. In turn, through Chinas first free trade agreement with a major dev

42、eloped economy, the author evaluates the gains and losses from such a bilateral arrangement for both sides, thus providing valuable experience and references for China in further augmenting free trade linkages with other developed nations around the world in the future 4Chapter 2 The Worldwide Econo

43、mic RegroupingthSince the latter half of the 20 century, especially from the 1990s, regionalism has been prevailing in many parts of the world. WTO statistics reveal that, “by the end of 2005, if Regional Trade Agreements RTA reportedly planned or already under negotiation are concluded, the total n

44、umber of RTAs in force might well approach 300” WTO 2006. This chapter will start by looking into the rise of regionalism by exploring the three most influential regional mechanisms in the world, namely, the EU, NAFTA and ASEAN 2.1 The EU and NAFTA: the Rise of Regionalism EUIn the field of regional

45、ism, the European Union EU, which is the undisputable successful forerunner and a model for the rest of the world, is followed by North America and Asia. The European Union is now an important power in the international political and economic arena. Yet it has come a long way to reach the high level

46、 of integration today. In the course of the several decades after the World War , the original European Coal and Steel Community ECSC developed into the European Economic Community EEC, which finally grew into the European Union EU. It has expanded from the initial six members to the current twenty-

47、five, plus some that are actively seeking membershipThe idea of integration in Europe goes back to centuries ago, when the European continent was suffering from constant wars. The three wars between France and Germany before 1945 led to millions of deaths. European leaders came to realize that only

48、through unification could Europe maintain peace, resulting in the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952 with six initial member nations: 5France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg. The organization aimed to restore the war-devastated economy and in the mean

49、time contain the energy use in Germany. The Treaty of Rome signed in 1957, led to the creation of the European Atomic Energy Community EURATOM and the European Economic Community EEC. In 1967, the ECSC, EURATOM, and the EEC were merged into the European Community EC and its membership was extended t

50、o six new countries, namely, the UK, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain and Portugal. The twelve countries established a customs union, unified foreign trade policy and agricultural policy as well as a European currency system, after which their cooperation went beyond the economic area to cover politi

51、cal domains. In 1991, the Maastricht Treaty was signed, with a view to bringing about a European economic and currency union as well as a political union. When the treaty came into effect in 1993, the European Community was renamed the European Union, signifying its transition from an economic entit

52、y to a political and economic oneIn the process of integration, Europe gradually managed to eliminate internal tariffs and most internal quotas, established a common external tariff, removed barriers against the free movement of people, services, capital, and payments, and set up a real single market. It succeeded in the